ABSTRACT
Foi descrito o conhecimento dos alistados no Exercito Brasileiro, em relação às DST segundo escolaridade. Foi utilizado questionário autoaplicável com características demográficas, modos transmissão, comportamento sexual e preferência de acesso a informações sobre DST em amostra com representatividade nacional, 2007. As variáveis associadas a menor escolaridade foram: ter 19-20 anos [OR = 1,2(IC95%:1,18-1,32)], relatar que a transmissão de DST pode ser por: ingestão de alimento contaminado [OR = 2,2(IC95%:1,96-2,55)], tomar banho em rios/praias [OR = 1,5(IC95%:1,27-1,88)], picada de mosquitos [OR = 1,5(IC95%:1,38-1,65)], início de atividade sexual antes de 14 anos de idade [OR = 1,4(IC95%: 1,33-1,55)]. As variáveis com associação inversa à baixa escolaridade foram: auto declarado branco [OR = 0,9(IC95%: 0,82-0,91)]; afirmar que a transmissão das DST pode ser por: compartilhar seringas/agulhas [OR = 0,7(IC95%: 0,62-0,78)]; transmissão materna, no parto e amamentação [OR = 0,6(IC95%: 0,58-0,69)]; usar preservativo no último coito [OR = 0,8(IC95%: 0,71-0,85)]; ser HSH [OR = 0,7 (IC95%: 0,60-0,92); e reconhecer o não uso do preservativo como aumento do risco de transmissão [OR = 0,4(IC 95%: 0,37-0,51)]. Dada a baixa escolaridade associada ao menor conhecimento, aponta para necessidade de ações educativas destinadas a essa população, que se encontra em situação mais vulnerável.
The scope of this study was to describe knowledge of military conscripts about STD in relation to level of schooling upon enlistment in the Brazilian Army. A self-administered questionnaire with demographic and clinical aspects, forms of transmission, sexual behavior and access to STD information was applied in a national sample in 2007. Variables associated with low schooling were: being 19-20 years old [OR=1.2(95%CI:1.18-1.32)]; saying that STD can be transmitted by: eating contaminated food [OR=2.2(95%CI:1,96-2.55)]; bathing in rivers/beaches [OR=1.5(95%CI:1.27-1.88)]; mosquito bites [OR=1.5(95%CI:1.38-1.65)]; sexual intercourse <=14 years old [OR=1.4 (95%CI:1.33-1.55)]. Variables inversely associated with low schooling were: being white [OR=0.9 (95%CI:0.82-0.91)]; stating that STD can be transmitted by: sharing syringes/needles [OR=0.7(95%CI: 0.62-0.78)]; mother-to-child transmission [OR=0.6(95%CI:0.58-0.69)]; having used a condom in the last sexual intercourse [OR=0.8(95%CI:0.71-0.85)]; being MSM [OR=0.7(95% CI: 0.60-0.92)]; knowing that sex without condoms increases risk of transmission [OR=0.4 (95%CI:0,37-0,51)]. Given the association of low schooling with less knowledge about STD, educational policies geared to this population are needed because they are more vulnerable.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Military Personnel , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Brazil , Condoms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmissionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors in an epidemiologic study of conscripts living in Gyeongsangnam-do, Ulsan and Busan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 19-year-old conscripts in Gyeongsangnam-do, Ulsan and Busan. Health checkup data of the conscripts were collected and analyzed along with subjective visual acuity, noncycloplegic autorefraction test, biometric data, and social factors such as education level and residence area. Myopia and high myopia were defined as having a refractive error of more than -0.5D, -6.0D, respectively. To analyze the social and biometric effects, we classified social factors into three groups and biometric factors into five groups. The estimated myopic prevalence was calculated adding excluded conscripts who scored under 0.5 on the subjective visual acuity test and missed autorefraction data. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis and the chi square test for trends using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.0K. RESULTS: From 66,917 eligible conscripts, 50,243 were analyzed. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in 19-year-old men in Gyeongsangnam-do, Ulsan and Busan were 45.60% (95% CI: 45.17~46.03) and 11.50% (95% CI: 11.23~11.77). The estimated myopic prevalence using 66,917 eligible conscripts was 54.31% (95% CI: 53.88~54.74). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia and the estimated prevalence of myopia in 19-year-old men in Gyeongsangnam-do, Ulsan and Busan were 45.60%, 11.50% and 54.31%, respectively.