ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of dairy cows fed with sugarcane treated with 5g kg-1 of calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Eight Holstein cows with 638.01±12.52kg of body weight and milk yield of 20.32±1.5kg d-1 were randomly assigned into two 4x4 Latin squares, fed with the following diets composed of corn silage (CS), fresh sugarcane (FS), sugarcane treated with calcium oxide (STCO) or calcium hydroxide (STCH) as only forage. Data collection lasted five days, after 15 days of adaptation to diets and facilities. The dry matter intake (% of body weight) was higher in diets with CS (3.08) compared to those with FS (2.67), STCO (2.73) or STCH (2.73), which did not differ. Diets with CS determined milk production adjusted for 4% fat (20.05kg d-1) similar to diets containing STCO and STCH (18.01 and 17.89kg d-1, respectively) and higher than those with FS (17.33kg d-1). The experimental diets did not alter the composition of milk. The use of sugarcane treated with Ca(OH)2 is a viable option for feeding Holstein cows with average genetic potential for milk production because it allows production and composition similar to milk dairy cows fed with corn silage, besides benefiting the logistics of feeding in the rural properties.
Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com cana-de-açúcar tratada com 5g kg-1 de óxido (CaO) ou hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2]. Foram utilizadas oito vacas da raça Holandesas com 638,01±12,52kg de peso corporal e produção média de leite de 20,32±1,5kg dia-1, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois quadrados latinos balanceados 4x4, alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de milho (SM), cana-de açúcar in natura (CIN), cana-de-açúcar tratada com óxido de cálcio (CTOC) ou hidróxido de cálcio (CTHC) como único volumoso. O período de coleta de dados foi de cinco dias, após 15 dias de adaptação às instalações e dietas. O consumo de matéria seca (% do peso corporal) foi superior nas dietas com SM (3,08) em relação àquelas com CIN (2,67), CTOC (2,73) ou CTHC (2,73), as quais não diferiram entre si. Dietas com SM determinaram produção de leite ajustada para 4% de gordura (20,05kg dia-1), similar às dietas contendo CTOC e CTHC (18,01 e 17,89kg dia-1, respectivamente) e superior àquelas com CIN (17,33kg dia-1). As dietas experimentais não alteraram a composição do leite. A utilização da cana-de-açúcar tratada com Ca(OH)2 é uma alternativa alimentar viável para vacas Holandesas com potencial genético médio para produção leiteira, já que possibilita produção e composição do leite similar à vacas alimentadas com silagem de milho, além de beneficiar a logística de alimentação nas propriedades rurais.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the nutritional status of non-institutionali-zed elderly (NE) and their relationship with different socioeconomic conditions. Method: 300 NE residents of Metropolitan Lima from different socioeconomic levels were randomly selected. The nutritional status was determined using Body Mass Index (BMI) and brachial perimeter. The NE was classified according to BMI: normal from 22 to 27, overweight from 27.1 to 29.9 and obesity ≥ 30 kg/m2. The dietary intake was evaluated with a reminder survey of 24 hours. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 48.3 % (26% overweight and 22.3% obese) without significant differences between socioeconomic levels (SS) (p=0.088). Greater obesity in women than in men was observed with significant differences between SS (p=0.030). The highest prevalence of obesity was observed in females of SS medium (32%). The SS significantly influenced lipid consumption, vitamin C and calcium. The consumption of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, iron and phosphorus, did not differ significantly with SS. Conclusions: The nutritional status and nutrient intake of NE showed no relation with socioeconomic level.
Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional de adultos mayores (AM) no institucionalizados y su relación con condiciones socioeconómicas diferenciadas. Metodología: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 300 AM residentes en viviendas de Lima Metropolitana, de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos, con afijación uniforme. El estado nutricional se determinó con el Indice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el Perímetro Braquial. Los AM se clasificaron según el IMC: en normal de 22 a 27, sobrepeso de 27,1 a 29,9 y obesidad ≥30 Kg/m². La ingestión dietética se evaluó con una encuesta de recordatorio de 24 horas. Resultados: La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue 48% (26% tenía sobrepeso y 22,3 % eran obesos) sin diferencias significativas entre niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) (p=0,088). Se reportó mayor obesidad en mujeres y con diferencias significativas entre NSE (p=0,030). La mayor prevalencia de obesidad se observó en población de mujeres del NSE medio (32 %). El NSE influyó significativamente en el consumo de lípidos, vitamina C y calcio. El consumo de energía, proteínas, carbohidratos, fibra, hierro y fósforo, no difieren significativamente con el NSE. Conclusiones: El estado nutricional y el consumo de nutrientes de los AM no mostraron relación con el NSE.
Subject(s)
Social Class , Body Weights and Measures , Aged , Eating , Nutritional Status , ObesityABSTRACT
Introducción: el estado nutricional materno es un factor determinante en el crecimiento fetal y en el peso del recién nacido. Existe evidencia científica de que el inadecuado estado nutricional y la anemia en la gestación, generan efectos deletéreos en la salud materno-fetal. Objetivo: determinar la influencia del estado nutricional en el 3er. trimestre sobre el peso al nacer en gestantes del municipio Bayamo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico y longitudinal en una muestra de 53 gestantes en las áreas de salud del municipio Bayamo, Granma, en el período comprendido desde diciembre de 2011 hasta abril de 2012. Se estudió la influencia de indicadores antropométricos como: índice de masa corporal a la captación, la evolución ponderal realizada en el 3er. trimestre, así como el consumo de energía y nutrientes e indicadores bioquímico-nutricionales y metabólicos sobre el peso al nacer. Resultados: los parámetros del índice de masa corporal a la captación y la evolución ponderal se asociaron de manera significativa con los grupos de peso al nacer. De los indicadores nutricionales, el índice de masa corporal a la captación y el consumo de vitamina E correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con el peso al nacer, mientras que el consumo de hierro lo hizo de forma inversa y significativa. Conclusiones: los resultados confirman que los parámetros de los indicadores antropométricos del estado nutricional de las gestantes se asocian con el peso al nacer, no así los del consumo de energía, proteínas y algunos micronutrientes en las embarazadas del estudio, así como, los indicadores bioquímicos nutricionales y metabólicos estudiados.
Introduction: maternal nutritional status is a factor in fetal growth and weight of the newborn. There is scientific evidence that inadequate nutritional status and anemia in pregnancy generate deleterious effects on maternal and fetal health. Objective: to determine the influence of nutritional status at the 3rd. trimester on birth weight in pregnant in Bayamo. Methods: a longitudinal observational study was conducted in a sample of 53 pregnant women from the health areas of Bayamo municipality, Granma, from December 2011 to April 2012. The influence of anthropometric indicators such as body mass index at enrollment, weight changes made in the 3rd. quarter as well as energy and nutrient intake, biochemical indicators of nutritional and metabolic-birth weight were studied. Results: the parameters of body mass index at enrollment and weight changes were significantly associated with birth weight groups. Nutritional indicators, body mass index at enrollment and consumption of vitamin E significantly positively correlated with birth weight, whereas iron intake significantly did inversely. Conclusions: the results confirm that the parameters of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status of pregnant women are associated with birth weight, but not the consumption of energy, protein and some micronutrients in pregnant women in this study, as well as biochemical indicators nutritional and metabolic studied.