ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is the most common knee ligament injury, especially in athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate relative telomere length (RTL) in blood leukocytes of patients with ACL injury compared with that of controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 187 subjects were invited to participate in this study. Ninety-two patients with clinically diagnosed ACL rupture were enrolled. Ninety-five age and gender-matched healthy controls were also recruited. Blood leukocyte RTL were analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Patients with ACL rupture had significantly longer relative telomere length than healthy controls (P=0.002). The patients with ACL rupture were classified into two groups according to the sport history of patients which are contact sports and non-contact sports. RTL in patients with non-contact sports was significantly greater than those with contact sports (P=0.006). Moreover, RTL was inversely correlated with body mass index of patients with ACL injury (r=-0.34, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that long RTL was associated with a higher risk of ACL rupture. Conclusion: The present study showed that subjects with ACL rupture had significantly greater telomere length compared with their age and gender-matched controls. This finding may result from the increases in physical activity and overexpression of telomerase which acts as a protective mechanism against ACL injury. RTL in blood leukocytes is associated with a risk of ACL rupture.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La exposición repetitiva a traumas craneales es una de las características de la encefalopatía traumática crónica. Neuropatológicamente en esta patología encontramos depósitos de proteína hiperfosforilada tau (p-tau). Inicialmente fue descrita como demencia pugilística, pero se ha asociado a otros tipos de deportes, traumas por explosión entre otros. Los síntomas de esta enfermedad incluyen pérdida de memoria, alteración cognitiva, cambios de ánimo y demencia. Presentamos una revisión de la literatura sobre esta interesante enfermedad.
Abstract Repetitive exposure to cranial trauma is one of the hallmarks of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neuropathologically, hyperphosphorylated protein tau (p-tau) deposits are found. Initially it was described as pugilistic dementia, but it has been associated with other types of sports, explosive traumas among others. Symptoms of this disease include memory loss, cognitive impairment, mood swings and dementia. We present a review of the literature on this interesting disease.
ABSTRACT
La luxación de hombro es la más frecuente del organismo y su incidencia aumenta aún más en pacientes que practican deportes de contacto. Se denomina inestabilidad al hecho que la cabeza humeral pierda en forma recurrente la relación con la cavidad glenoidea y que genere disconfort en el pacientes. El diagnóstico de las lesiones asociadas (lesión de Balkart y de Hill-Sachs) y los factores de riesgo asociados a la inestabilidad (edad, hiperlaxitud, tipo de deporte y nivel de competencia) son importantes al momento de decidir el tratamiento a seguir. Éste es principalmente quirúrgico. Las técnicas quirúrgicas actuales permiten éxitos entre a un 85 y 93 por ciento. En los deportistas de contacto se tiende a elegir la técnica más segura y que aporte las menores tasas de fracaso. Tanto las técnicas artroscópicas como abiertas tienen validez para el manejo de este tipo de pacientes, pero la elección de una u otra dependerá de la experiencia, factores de riesgo y lesiones asociadas. El manejo post operatorio con rehabilitación intensiva es primordial para que este tipo de paciente y el objetivo es el retorno deportivo al mismo nivel que previo a la lesión y con una baja tasa de recidiva.
Shoulder dislocation is one of the most frequent orthopedics injury and the incidence is higher in patients who practice contact Sports. Shoulder Instability is when the humeral head lost more than once, the anatomical relation with the glenoid fossa and generates patients discomfort. The discard of another lesions (Balkart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion) and the consideration of risk factors for instability, such as, age, hyperlaxity, type of sport and competition level, are very important elements to take into account when the physician has to choose the best treatment option. This is meanly surgical. The current surgical techniques are successful between the 85 to 93 percent of the cases. The open techniques and the arthroscopic ones , are reliable treatments for this condition in contact sport athletes, however the option has to be choose according to the surgeon skills, risk factors and associated lesions. The post operative treatment and rehabilitation are very important with an early and intensive physiotherapy in this kind of patient, to allow the same competitive sport level previous the lesion and with the lowest recurrence ratio.