Plantar Pressure Asymmetry in Patients Six Months after Surgical Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures in Adults.

Aim: To compare plantar pressure distribution and contact time in patients in month 6 following operative treatment of calcaneal fractures. Study Design: Walking on the tensometric platform. Place and Duration of Study: Regional Hospital, Trauma Centrum, between September 2014 and October 2015. Methodology: Gait analysis was carried out on seven patients (38±9 years; 1.79±0.05 m; 83±8 kg). Measurements were made using a pedobarography platform. The factors observed comprised: total contact time (CT), peak pressure (PP), maximum vertical force (Fz), heel contact time (CT-heel), peak pressure under the heel (PP-heel), and the force-time integral (FTI). The analysis was based on the data from both the healthy and the affected lower limb; values for symmetry index (SI) were computed. Results: Out of 7 patients, all patients with a longer contact time on the healthy feet were documented. The healthy limbs demonstrated peak pressure values that were predominantly higher beneath the heel, and under the first metatarsus head and under the big toe. On the affected limbs centre of pressure line shifted laterally. Foot contact was applied more often on the outer side of the foot. Not a clear trend was found in the contact time beneath the heel with the ground when 4 patients shortened the duration of the heel contact on the affected limb. Conclusion: The observed patients still show significant lateral changes in dynamic parameters, which is also reflected in the duration of the individual phases of the gait cycle. The calculation of the index of symmetry for the tracked variables showed significant differences between healthy and affected limbs, although all the patients had returned to their working environments at the time of the measurement. This pilot study is a starting point for future work and co-operation between the University and the Trauma Centrum.

Effect of contact time between alginate impression and type III dental stone on cast model properties

Objective: To measure the effect of different contact time between the alginate impression and type III dental stone on cast model properties in the terms of dimension stability, hardness and surface details reproduction. Material and methods: Sixty-seven cast models were obtained from stainless steel cylinder using alginate impression material and type III dental stone. Thirty-seven cast models were separated after one hour (control group) and 30 cast models were separated from impressions after 9 hours. The samples were evaluated under light microscope for surface details, measured by digital caliper for dimension stability and hardness was tested by making indentation on the cast then measuring the depth using digital caliper. Results: The dimension stability of cast models was not affected by increasing contact time between type III dental stone and alginate impression while surface details decreased. In the meanwhile, hardness was improved with increasing contact time. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, pouring of impression up to 9 hours can negatively affect the cast model properties in the term of details richness.

Mistura de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha com fertilizante NPK / Mixture of Brachiaria brizantha seeds with NPK fertilizer

As informações são contraditórias quanto ao tempo em que as sementes de Brachiaria brizantha podem ficar misturadas ao fertilizante NPK sem diminuir o poder germinativo das sementes. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de tempos de contato do adubo granulado NPK 04-14-08, com sementes dessa forrageira, na qualidade fisiológica (germinação e vigor). Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas análise de variância e comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey, a 5 por cento. Também foram realizadas análises de regressão polinomial. Observou-se efeito significativo em todas as variáveis. Além disso, com o transcorrer do tempo de contato com o fertilizante, o teor de água e a condutividade elétrica das sementes aumentaram, enquanto observou-se diminuição da percentagem de germinação, da primeira contagem, da emergência e do índice de velocidade de emergência. Destaca-se que, para essas variáveis, o comportamento foi linear. Assim, é permitida a mistura das sementes com o fertilizante NPK, desde que a semeadura seja imediata, reduzindo-se os danos à qualidade fisiológica das sementes da forrageira (germinação e vigor). Na prática, recomenda-se fazer a mistura de sementes de B. brizantha com NPK somente da quantidade que poderá ser semeada até 12h após a mistura.

Information is contradictory as to the time Brachiaria brizantha seeds can remain mixed with the NPK fertilizer without causing poorly formed stands. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of contact times of NPK granular fertilizer (04-14-08 rate) with seeds of this forage on physiological quality (germination and vigor). A completely randomized design with four replicates was employed. An analysis of variance was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5 percent. Polynomial regression analyses were also performed, and equations were fitted. A significant effect was observed in all variables. The water content and electric conductivity of seeds increased as contact time with the fertilizer increased, while decreases were observed in germination percentage, first count, emergence, and emergence velocity index. A linear behavior was observed for the variables. Consequently, seeds can be mixed with NPK fertilizer as long as seeding is performed immediately afterwards, thus reducing damages to the physiological quality of the forage seeds (germination and vigor). In practice, it is recommended that B. brizantha seeds should be mixed with NPK at quantities that can be seeded within 12 hours from mixing, at most.

Comparison of Dynamic Peak Plantar Pressure and Hindfoot Contact Time in Diabetic Patients and Healthy Adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and describe the peak plantar pressures and ground contact times of the foot during walking in diabetic patients and healthy adults. METHOD: 17 age-matched diabetic patients without any complications and 33 healthy adults participated in this study. The foot was divided into 10 different areas, and peak plantar pressures and ground contact times were measured during walking by EMED system . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in peak plantar pressures of both feet in both groups, but there were significant increases in peak plantar pressures of hindfoot and hindfoot contact times in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: Despite having no definite diabetic neuropathy and vascular disease, diabetic patients have higher peak plantar pressures of hindfoot and prolonged hindfoot contact times because limb muscle dysfunction or impairment of proprioception may induce faster descent of the foot towards the ground or improper pattern of stance phases.

Disinfection of Waste water of Hospital by Chlorine Dioxide / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the concentration of required residual available chlorine dioxide(ClO 2 )and optimun contact time for ClO 2 disinfection in order to ensure the microbiological indexes of waste water of hospital disinfected by ClO 2 qualified.Meth ods The waste water samples collected from hospital,to which were aritificially added with predetermined con-centrations of bacteria,were disinfected by various concentrations of ClO 2 (2?4?6?8?10?12mg /L)with various contact time (5?10?30?60?90min).After disinfection,the concentration of residual ClO 2 and the contents of microorganism in waste water samples were determined.Re sults After30-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water sample originally containing1.52?10 2 /L E.coli showed a bactericidal rate of99.99%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2.5mg /L.After10-min disin-fection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples originally containing1.12?10 10 /L Salmonella showed a bactericidal rate of100%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2mg /L.After5-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples o-riginally containing M.tu berculosis at concentration of++++showed a negative result and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at3.5mg/L.Conclusion After the primary treatment,ClO 2 disinfection with contact time of30minutes and a residual concentration of ClO 2 at2.5mg /L could ensure the germicidal effect for E.coli,Salmonella and M.tu berculosis in waste water of hospital qualified.