ABSTRACT
La investigación tuvo como propósito comprender la calidad de vida y salud de las familias pertenecientes a los pueblos indígenas de la amazonia peruana en tiempos de COVID-19. Es una investigación cualitativa con diseño descriptivo fenomenológico, la población en estudio son 47 pueblos indígenas y se tomó muestra a las 16 estudiantes que imparte la educación superior en la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, el muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional. La técnica para la recolección de datos que ayudó recoger la experiencia vivida es la observación y entrevista, siendo los instrumentos la guía de entrevista y guía de observación para obtener resultados sobre la experiencia vivida en tiempos de pandemia, como resultado la mayor preocupación fue la calidad de vida y la salud sana en la población amazónica, más resalta recuerdos negativos sobre posible contagio, vivir con Covid-19, e incierto sobre post pandemia. En conclusión, la mayoría de personas han experimentado los rezagos de pandemia al contagiarse, porque, generó dolor corporal, miedo, sentimientos bajos, tristeza, soledad, desmotivación, traumas psicológicos, distanciamiento social, contracción de otras enfermedades y muchos cambios en la vida personal y familiar.
The purpose of the research was to understand the quality of life and health of families belonging to the indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon in times of COVID-19. It is qualitative research with a phenomenological descriptive design, the population under study is 47 indigenous peoples and a sample was taken of the 16 students who teach higher education at the National Intercultural University of the Amazon, the sampling was intentional non-probabilistic. The technique for data collection that helped collect the lived experience is observation and interview, the instruments being the interview guide and observation guide to obtain results on the experience lived in times of pandemic, as a result the greatest concern was quality of life and healthy health in the Amazonian population, more highlights negative memories about possible contagion, living with Covid-19, and uncertain about post-pandemic. In conclusion, most people have experienced the lags of the pandemic when infected, because it generated bodily pain, fear, low feelings, sadness, loneliness, demotivation, psychological trauma, social distancing, contraction of other diseases and many changes in personal life. and familiar.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender a qualidade de vida e saúde das famílias pertencentes aos povos indígenas da Amazônia peruana em tempos de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento fenomenológico descritivo, a população em estudo é de 47 povos indígenas e foi retirada uma amostra dos 16 alunos que lecionam no ensino superior da Universidade Nacional Intercultural da Amazônia, a amostragem foi intencional não probabilística. A técnica de coleta de dados que auxiliou na coleta da experiência vivida é a observação e entrevista, sendo os instrumentos o roteiro de entrevista e o guia de observação para obter resultados sobre a experiência vivida em tempos de pandemia, como resultado a maior preocupação foi qualidade de vida e saúde saudável na população amazônica, mais destaca memórias negativas sobre possível contágio, convivendo com a Covid-19 e incertas sobre o pós-pandemia. Concluindo, a maioria das pessoas vivenciou as defasagens da pandemia ao se infectar, pois gerou dores corporais, medo, sentimentos baixos, tristeza, solidão, desmotivação, trauma psicológico, distanciamento social, contração de outras doenças e muitas mudanças na vida pessoal. familiar.
Subject(s)
Quality of LifeABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Las crisis epidémicas se caracterizan por el surgimiento de enfermedades altamente transmisibles y contagiosas, cuya rápida capacidad de distribución geoespacial, genera un índice importante de morbilidad. Objetivo: Analizar las principales intervenciones salubristas adoptadas por la República de Costa Rica, en el marco del combate y prevención de la epidemia por la COVID-19, durante el primer semestre del año 2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de análisis documental, con abordaje cualitativo y analítico-descriptivo. Se realizó lectura integral de lineamientos nacionales específicos; comunicaciones de prensa; boletines epidemiológicos; normativa sanitaria específica para la COVID-19, estrategias, guías y recomendaciones y protocolos sectoriales. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones salubristas adoptadas por la República de Costa Rica brindan las capacidades necesarias para que el sistema público de salud consiga atender las necesidades específicas de su población durante la crisis epidémica. El plan estratégico presentado por el Ministerio de Salud se muestra como una respuesta activa al combate y prevención de la COVID-19, con enfoque en las formas de contención. Las guías, orientaciones, lineamientos y protocolos específicos reafirman el compromiso estatal de cuidar y promover la salud de sus ciudadanos, aún en tiempos inciertos de crisis epidémica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Epidemic crisis are characterized by the emergence of highly transmissible and contagious diseases which their quick ability of geospatial distribution generate an important morbility rate. Objective: To analyze the main sanitary interventions adopted by the Republic of Costa Rica within the framework of COVID-19 fighting and prevention during the first semester of 2020. Methods: It was conducted a study of documental analysis with qualitative and analytic-descriptive approach. It was made a comprehensive reading of the specific national guidelines, press communications, epidemiologic reports, specific sanitary regulations for COVID-19, strategies, guides and recommendations, and sectorial protocols. Conclusions: The sanitary interventions implemented in the Republic of Costa Rica offer the needed capacities for the public health system to attend the specific needs of the population during the epidemic crisis. The strategic plan presented by the Ministry of Health stands as an active response to the fight and prevention of COVID-19 focused in limiting forms. Guides, directions, guidelines and specific protocols reinforce the state commitment of caring and promoting health of their citizens, even in uncertain times of epidemiologic crisis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Costa Rica , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Background: The risks caused by infectious and contagious diseases in the school environment are of importance to the conduct of early childhood education in the contemporary world. In this work authors aimed to analyze vulnerability to infectious and contagious diseases in daycare center teachers who work in public institutions in the Municipality of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.Methods: This was aquanti-qualitative study approach of the descriptive, cross-sectional type, of an exploratory nature. This study was carried out with 30 daycare center teachers from the Municipality of Fortaleza from October to November 2016. Results: The main infectious and contagious diseases that affect children in the daycare center were high rates of two or three comorbidities per child. Regarding the workplace risk to the teachers’ health, 58.6% of the teachers consider that the working in the daycare center does not bring greater risks of illness and 41.4% believe it does.Conclusions: Stress due to the presence of students with viral infections who need to remain in the daycare center, lack of hygiene, rest and inadequate nutrition contribute to the vulnerability to illnesses in the teachers.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: no Brasil, as doenças infectocontagiosas ainda representam um problema de saúde pública, principalmente pelos índices de morbidade significativos, quando comparados aos de mortalidade. Assim, observa-se a importância da qualificação do enfermeiro no atendimento ao portador de doenças infectocontagiosas, tendo em vista a sua autonomia para avaliar as necessidades assistenciais do cliente de maneira eficaz. É importante que o cuidado de enfermagem esteja embasado em um modelo teórico e na metodologia científica do processo de enfermagem, bem como documentado, sendo fonte de informação. Neste estudo, optou-se pela utilização do modelo conceitual das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Horta, o qual, além de ser um dos mais difundidos em todo o país, ajusta-se ao atendimento da clientela escolhida e é o modelo teórico adotado pelo hospital onde foi desenvolvido o estudo. Objetivo: construir instrumentos para documentação do processo de enfermagem em uma clínica de doenças infectocontagiosas. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, que foi realizada na Clínica de Doenças Infectocontagiosas do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, na cidade de João Pessoa - PB. Desenvolvida em três etapas: identificação dos indicadores empíricos das Necessidades Humanas Básicas; validação de conteúdo dos indicadores empíricos para a construção do instrumento de coleta de dados; e relacionamento dos indicadores empíricos do instrumento de coleta de dados com a nomenclatura de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções para a construção do instrumento de planejamento da assistência. Resultados: os indicadores empíricos das Necessidades Humanas Básicas foram identificados a partir do banco de termos, da nomenclatura de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem da Clínica de Doenças Infectocontagiosas e da literatura atualizada da área.
Introduction: in Brazil, the infectious and contagious diseases still represent a public health problem, mainly by the meaningful morbidity indexes, when compared to the ones of mortality. Thus, it is observed the importance of qualification of the nurse in service to the patient with infectious and contagious disease, observing his autonomy to evaluate the assistential necessities of the client in an efficient way.It is important that the care of nursing be based in a theoretical model and in the scientific methodology of the process of nursing, as well as registered, being a source of information.In this study, we chose using the concept model Human Basic Needs of Horta, which besides being one to the most spread in allthe country, it is adjustable to the service in the clients chosen, and it is the theoretical model adopted by the hospital where the study was developed. Objective: build up instruments for documentation of the processof nursing in a clinic with infectious and contagious diseases. Methodology: it is a methodological research, performed in the Clinic of Infectious and contagious diseases of the University Hospital LauroWanderley, in the city of João Pessoa PB. It was developed into three phases: identification of the empiric indicators of Basic Human Needs; validation of content of the empiric indicators for construction of the instrumentof data collection; and relationship of empiric indicators of the instrument of data collection with the nomenclature of diagnostic, results and intervention for the construction of the instrument of planning of the assistance. Results: the empiric indicators of the Basic Human Needs were identified from the bank of terms, of the nomenclature of diagnostic, results and interventions of nursing of the clinic of infectious and Contagious Diseases and of the literature updated in the area.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis , Communicable Diseases , Nursing ProcessABSTRACT
El presente estudio es una investigación analítica de corte transversal, que se realiza para evaluar los conocimientos sobre la prevención de enfermedades con riesgo de transmisión en Estomatología de los estomatólogos y técnicas de atención estomatológica (TAE), en las diferentes clínicas estomatológicas de la Ciudad de Pinar del Río entre los meses de Enero-Junio del año 2007. El universo de estudio coincide con la muestra y estuvo constituido por 60 estomatólogos y 60 técnicas de atención estomatológica, a los mismos se les aplicó un cuestionario. Una vez recogida la información se creó una base de datos con el programa Microsoft Excel, como medida resumen para los datos cualitativos se utilizó el porcentaje. Para analizar las diferencias entre grupos, se empleó el estadígrafo Chi cuadrado. Los datos se procesaran por el programa de tablas dinámicas de la hoja de calculo Excel y por el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 8.0 para Windows, concluyendo que los estomatólogos y técnicas tienen gran necesidad de conocimientos sobre prevención de la transmisión de enfermedades con riesgo de propagación en la consulta. La mayoría de los estomatólogos y técnicos tienen evaluación de regular en la aplicación de las medidas de protección. Es contrastante que los estomatólogos en el cuestionario aplicado responden adecuadamente a las preguntas realizadas, sin embargo al observar el desempeño no se comportan de igual manera.
The present study is an analytical cross sectional study aimed at assessing what the dentistry personnel knows about the disease prevention at risk of contagious as well as the techniques in the different dental clinics in Pinar del Rio city between January and June, 2007. Universe coincides with sample and it is comprised of 60 dentists and of 60 dental care techniques using the same questionnaire in both. A data base was created using Microsoft Excel Program and the percentage method was used as a measure for the qualitative data.In order to study the differences between groups the Chi-square test was used.Data were processed using the dynamic table program from the Excel sheet and the satistical package SPSS version 8.0 Windows, it was concluded that dentists and dental techniques need to know about the prevention of the contagious disease at risk of spread to the dental care office.Most dentists and techniques are evaluated as regular according to the use of the protection measures, noting that dentists give a proper answer to the questionnaire applied and a different behaviour in the daily practice.
ABSTRACT
A identificação de novos agentes infecciosos, a crescente expansão de infecções e doenças já conhecidas têm estimulado a revisão das medidas de biossegurança nas atividades profissionais dos trabalhadores da saúde. No presente artigo recuperou-se a evolução dos saberes e práticas dos isolamentos/precauções, o que permitiu resgatar os conceitos e as intervenções que vieram sendo formuladas e implementadas. Desde o início da enfermagem moderna, no século XIX, mantém-se basicamente os mesmos elementos da prática dos isolamentos em doenças transmissíveis, ou seja, destaque à utilização de barreiras mecânicas, químicas e ambientais, fundamentadas nas especificidades inerentes aos elementos da cadeia do processo infeccioso.
The identification of new infectious agents and the ever increasing expansion of known infections and diseases have been stimulating the revision of biosafety measures in the activities of professional health care workers. In the present article, the evolution of knowledge and practices of isolation and precautions were reviewed, which allowed us to recover the concepts and the interventions that were formulated and implemented. Since the beginning of the modern nursing, in the XIX century, the elements of the isolation practice for contagious diseases have remained basically the same. In other words, the emphasis on the use of mechanical, chemical and environmental barriers are given, based on inherent specificities of each part of the infectious chain process.
La identificación de nuevos agentes infecciosos, la creciente expansión de infecciones y enfermedades ya conocidas, han estimulado la revisión de las medidas de bioseguridad en las actividades profesionales de los trabajadores de la salud. En el presente artículo, se recuperó la evolución de los saberes y de las prácticas de aislamiento/precauciones, lo que permitió rescatar los conceptos y las intervenciones que vienen siendo formuladas e implementadas. Desde el nacimiento de la enfermería moderna en el siglo XIX, se mantienen básicamente los mismos elementos de las prácticas de aislamiento en enfermedades transmisibles, es decir, predomina la utilización de barreras mecánicas, químicas y ambientales, fundamentadas en las especificidades inherentes a los elementos de la cadena del proceso infeccioso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control/trends , Patient Isolation , BrazilABSTRACT
To evaluate the charasteristics and risk factors of hospital infections in patients with contagious diseases, 489 patients with contagious diseases were analyzed. Among 18 patients who contracted hospital infections, 17 were suffering from chronic hepatitis. 77 78% of them were over 40 years old. Infection of ascitic fluid, lower respiratory tract, and blood stream comprised 77 78% of the infections. Most of the doctors used antibiotics empirically. The survey showed that patients over 40 years old in an infectious diseases hospital were vulnerable to hospital infections. Hospital infection often occurred in the abdomen, lower respiratory tract, and blood stream. Abdominal paracentesis liver puncture biopsy, and lumbar puncture were the first three exogenous risk factors.