El trasfondo romántico del concepto de religión de Max Scheler

En la modernidad, la reflexión moral ha estado influida por orientaciones fundamentadas en la razón y en el sentimiento. Dos ejemplares de estas orientaciones son la Ilustración y el Romanticismo, respectivamente. El desarrollo de estos movimientos culturales e intelectuales está asociado a las demandas por los derechos políticos y sociales, junto a la insistencia en la importancia de la solidaridad y la hermandad en el desarrollo de las comunidades. Este artículo de reflexión presenta una perspectiva interpretativa del concepto de religión de Max Scheler La reflexión está enfocada en las raíces románticas de la propuesta Scheleriana, derivadas de la discusión moderna entre el Racionalismo y el Romanticismo. Adicionalmente, se presenta el contexto político y social al que responde la conceptualización de Scheler: Como resultado de esta reflexión, se concluye que el concepto de religión de Scheler reivindica la importancia de los valores y el compromiso moral frente a las crisis políticas que sufrió Europa a inicios del siglo XX.

In modernity moral reflection has been influenced by orientations grounded in reason and in feeling. Two exemplars of these orientations are the Enlightenment and Romanticism, respectively The development of these cultural and intellectual movements is associated with demands for social and political rights, together with the insistence in the importance of solidarity and brotherhood in the development of communities. This reflection paper presents an interpretative perspective of Max Scheler's concept of religion. The reflection is focused on the romantic roots of the Schelerian proposal, derived from the modern discussion between Rationalism and Romanticism. Additionally the political and social context to which Scheler's conceptualization responds is presented. As a result of this reflection, it is concluded that Scheler's concept of religion claims the importance of values and moral commitment against Europe's political crises at the beginning of the 20th century.

Na modernidade, a reflexão moral foi influenciada por orientações baseadas na razão e no sentimento. Dois exemplos dessas orientações são o Iluminismo e o Romantismo, respectivamente. O desenvolvimento desses movimentos culturais e intelectuais está associado a demandas por direitos políticos e sociais, juntamente com a insistência na importância da solidariedade e da fraternidade no desenvolvimento das comunidades. Este artigo de reflexão apresenta uma perspectiva interpretativa sobre o conceito de religião de Max Scheler O foco da reflexão são as raízes românticas da abordagem scheleriana, derivadas da discussão moderna entre racionalismo e romantismo. Além disso, é apresentado o contexto político e social ao qual a conceitualização de Scheler responde. Como resultado dessa reflexão, conclui-se que o conceito de religião de Scheler reivindica a importância dos valores e do compromisso moral diante das crises políticas sofridas pela Europa no início do século XX.

La memoria del conflicto armado en Bucaramanga: análisis de una experiencia investigativa desde las voces de las víctimas / Memoir of Armed Conflict in Bucaramanga: An Analysis of Research Experience from Victims' Voices

Resumen La relación del conflicto armado interno colombiano y el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga (Colombia), dentro de los estudios históricos de esta ciudad, es todavía una tarea pendiente. En este orden, es necesario complejizar los abordajes actuales en los estudios respecto a identidades, referentes, marcos y expresiones de la memoria en contextos de prolongado conflicto armado como es el caso de Colombia. Así mismo, es importante señalar nuevas posibilidades de investigación en lo referente a las relaciones de dicho conflicto armado persistente y la configuración de dichos referentes, marcos y expresiones de la memoria

Abstract The relationship of the Colombian internal armed conflict and the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia, within the historical studies of this city, is still a pending task. In this order, it is necessary that current studies regarding identities, relating approaches, frameworks, and expressions of memory, in contexts of prolonged armed conflict as in the case of Colombia, can be made more complex. Likewise, it is important to point out new possibilities of research regarding the relations of the persistent armed conflict and the configuration of related sayings, frames of reference, and expressions of memory.

Capitalismo, crises e conjuntura / Capitalism, crises, and conjuncture

Resumo: Conferência pronunciada no 10º Seminário Anual de Serviço Social - Estado e Seguridade Social no Contexto da Crise do Capital. Compartilhei a mesa com Sara Graneman, uma das maiores conhecedoras da seguridade social. Minha intervenção tentou responder a uma extensa pauta suscitada por Liduína Oliveira, realizando uma introdução à reflexão sobre capitalismo, crises e conjuntura brasileira. A correlação entre a situação brasileira e a seguridade social foi brilhantemente tratada por Sara Graneman.

Abstract: Conference given at the 10th Annual Seminar of Social Service - State and Social Security in the Context of the Capital Crisis. I shared the table with Sara Graneman, one of Social Security's greatest connoisseurs. My intervention tried to respond to an extensive agenda raised by Liduína Oliveira, reacting an introduction to the reflection on capitalism, crises and Brazilian conjuncture. The correlation between the Brazilian situation and social security was brilliantly treated by Sara Graneman.

Application of Oral History to Contemporary History of Medicine in Korea: With a Focus on Medical Scientists / 의사학

The oral history helps researchers to fill the gap in historical documents in research on the contemporary history of medicine in Korea. More and more studies in history of contemporary medicine in Korea have come out using oral history of doctors and patients. Based upon the author's research on development of neurosurgery in late 20th century Korea, this paper discusses how to apply oral history to contemporary history of medicine, focusing on oral history of doctors in Korea. In this paper the author describes how to do and use oral history of key doctors and medical scientists in the contemporary history of medicine in Korea. The oral history can be a powerful tool to complement the written documents as following. First, from their interview, doctors and medical scientists often provide valuable information which historians cannot get from documents and written sources. As intelligent interviewees, they not only understand the purpose of research but also help actively the historian-researcher-interviewer. Second, the oral history facilitates further searches and often it leads to more findings of informants, and written and image material. More often than not, doctors and medical scientists do their own research on the topic and provide the historian with valuable historical source material from their laboratories, bedsides, family and friends. Third, interviews with medical scientists and oral material produced by doctors and medical scientists helped the researcher to understand and interpret the papers and written documents. Fourth, the subjective stories told by the medical scientists provide perspectives and historical source as narrative truth. Before a historian attempts to use the oral material as complementary historial evidence, he or she needs to cross-check the validity and of objectivity of the oral material. Oral material is produced through bidirectional intersubjective interaction between the interviewer and interviewee, and critical reflection over the relationship between the two is crucial. Especially the researcher should keep an eye on the possible bias and strive for the objectivity of the oral material with discernment and reflection, when she or he found the interviewees of doctors and medical scientists closely connected together and tied together in a web of relationship with a common interest or agenda.

A “escola de São Paulo” de psicologia social: apontamentos históricos / The social psychology school “escola de São Paulo”: historical notes / La “escola de São Paulo” de psicología social: apuntes históricos

Tendo surgido como resposta à chamada “crise da psicologia social”, a “Escola de São Paulo” de psicologia social colocou como leitmotiv de suas práticas a transformação social. Tal posição, hoje comum na psicologia social, nem sempre foi tão explícita e é produto e síntese de uma série de rupturas e superações. Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo reunir um conjunto de produções teórico-bibliográficas a respeito do surgimento e desenvolvimento da “Escola de São Paulo” de psicologia social. Para tanto, foram analisados três momentos de seu desenvolvimento: inicialmente, são caracterizadas as perspectivas norte-americana e europeia de psicologia social, que marcaram a produção da área no Brasil até o fim dos anos 70; em seguida, é apresentado o que se convencionou chamar “crise da psicologia social”; e, por fim, expõe-se a proposta de superação da “crise” que emergiu na América Latina e tem como seu representante no Brasil a chamada “Escola de São Paulo”.

As a response to the so-called “crisis of Social Psychology”, the Social Psychology School “Escola de São Paulo” makes social makeover issue emerges as a leitmotiv for its practice. However, a so clear stand was not a pattern ever since, as it can be observed in Social Psychology nowadays; it is a product and a synthesis of several breakaways and overcomes. Thus, the purpose of reviewing this literature is to assemble a set of theoretical productions about the outbreaks and the development of the Social Psychology School “Escola de São Paulo”. To do so, three moments of its development have been chosen: the North American and European approaches in Social Psychology which highlighted the Brazilian production on this realm up to the 1970’s; then, the traditional view of “crisis of Social Psychology” is introduced; at the end, a makeover proposition to such “crisis” - that emerges in Latin America - is hereby exposed, whose Brazilian wing is the Social Psychology School “Escola de São Paulo”.

Originada como respuesta a la llamada "crisis de la psicología social", la "Escola de São Paulo" de psicología social puso la transformación social como leitmotiv de sus prácticas. Tal posición es común hoy en la psicología social, pero no siempre fue tan explícita; es resultado y síntesis de una variedad de rupturas y superaciones. Esta revisión de literatura tiene el objetivo de reunir a un cuerpo de producciones teóricas acerca del surgimiento y desarrollo de la "Escola de São Paulo" de psicología social. Para ello, se conciben tres momentos de su desarrollo: inicialmente, se caracterizan las perspectivas estadounidense y europea de la psicología social, que marcaron la producción sobre la disciplina en Brasil hasta fines de los años 70; en seguida, se presenta lo que por convención se llamó "crisis de la psicología social"; y, por fin, se expone la propuesta de superación de la crisis que emergió en Latinoamérica, cuya representante en Brasil es la llamada "Escola de São Paulo".

Medical history in the Korean History Textbook / 의사학

This thesis is a research how the medical history described and organized in the Korean history textbook to compare the 7th educational program from 2002 to the 6th educational program from 1994-2001 in Korea. The medical history is divided into two parts as social system, science and technology but so small amount. In addition, it is impossible to study medical history in its own program. And we can't find any significant difference between the 6th edition and the 7th edition in the state Korean History textbook. In the Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook, we can find more abundant and systematical approach from some textbooks published by Joongang and Geumsung company than 6th edition Korean History. The change of textbook system to authorized textbook system makes some advance. However four other books don't show much improvement. On the other hand, the contents are so much devoted into the introduction of medical system and books even in the advanced textbooks. Therefore we have to make the students to understand the life of the past and the present with the concrete contents and intimating of the living history. Besides medical historians have to participate in the process to publish the textbook.