Antenatal women's childbearing practices at the Niger Delta university teaching hospital, Okolobiri Nigeria

Background: Overpopulation in a community or a country reflects high fertility desires of its citizens. A country can only progress meaningfully if its resources and amenities can provide for all its citizens. Objectives: To examine the childbearing practices of antenatal attendees at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria and whether there is any suggestion of fertility decline or transition. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of two hundred and fifty-two women who had antenatal care in the hospital during the study period. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Statistical significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30.5 ± 5.9 years. More than half (53.6%) had tertiary education and 39.3% had secondary education. Only 29.4% were housewives/unemployed. The median parity was 2 and 229 women accounted for previous deliveries of 596 babies. The median desired total number of children was 4 (range 1 to 8). More than half (56.3%) did not believe in spacing after the first child. Seventy-six (30.2%) had no knowledge of modern contraceptives. There was a significant relationship (p - 0.018) between child sex preference and number of births. Conclusion: With a current median parity of two children/woman and desired total number of children of a median of four children/woman, the childbearing practices of the population studied may not result in a fertility rate far below the Nigeria national average of 5.3 children per woman. Nevertheless, a study to derive the total fertility rate in the study population is necessary to determine whether or not there is ongoing fertility transition.

Sexual autonomy and the use of modern contraceptives in Nigeria evidence from the 2018 demographic and health survey

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and relationship between sexual autonomy and modern contraceptive use among Nigerian women. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey was conducted among Nigerian women aged 15-49 years who were married or had a partner. Analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Participants that had never heard or seen a family planning awareness message were 59.6%, whereas 55.9% were capable of deciding whether to refuse their husband/partner's sex or not. The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 12%, and the likelihood of using modern contraceptives increased with the level of education, wealth status, and the number of living children. Sexual autonomy was also a significant predictor of modern contraceptive use (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-1.46). Conclusion: There is a very low prevalence of modern contraceptive use among women in Nigeria. Sexual autonomy, poverty, education, and the number of living children play a major role. Thus, women empowerment and girl-child education are critical interventions needed for the best outcomes on contraceptive use in Africa. Male involvement in sexual autonomy is also key since they are major decisionmakers regarding women's issues.

Levels, method choice and predictors of contraceptive use among males in southern Africa

This study assessed the relative risk of using male and partner contraceptive methods relative to non-use, identified the types of methods preferred by participants, and assessed the associated determinants of the use of male and partner methods. It used secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Participants were sexually active men aged 15­54. The study found that 32% of respondents did not utilize any method, while 36% and 32% used partner and male methods, respectively. The male method was more prevalent among men who had two or more sexual partners and among urban dwellers, while the partner method was predominant among those with less than two children and those who were indifferent about whether contraception is a woman's business. The study recommends that family planning programs should pay attention to male contraceptive needs and concerns. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:27-35).

Contraceptive use and quality of life among women of reproductive age, attending a general outpatient clinic in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and low use of modern contraceptives are major reproductive health problems affecting women of reproductive age. However, there is evidence of an increase in contraceptive use over the past decade. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of contraceptive use, and its association with quality of life among women of reproductive age, attending a general outpatient clinic, at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with 323 women aged 15-49 years for three months. Data were retrieved using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.9±8 years. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 43.7%, and out which, 34.4% accounted for modern methods. At least 72.4% ever heard about a method of contraceptive. Male condom was the most heard (96.6%) and most used (39.0%) contraceptive method. Majority of the quality of life parameters had higher mean scores, with significant mean values in vitality and social functioning categories among contraceptive users (72.41±14.82 and 72.07±18.39 respectively, p=0.029) compared with non-contraceptive users.Conclusions: Despite a higher mean quality of life scores among contraceptive users, less than half of the respondents made use of contraceptives. Therefore, the need for more orientation on the use of contraceptives to promote safe sexual practice and birth control is required.

Actitudes y creencias anticonceptivas entre los adultos jóvenes / Contraceptive Attitudes Among Hmong Young Adults In Rural California

Introduction: While different contraceptive attitudes have been reported among different ethnic groups in the US, little if any research has been conducted to understand the reproductive health needs and attitudes among Hmong young adults. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship among contraceptive perception of this community. Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify attitudes that influence Hmong college students' contraceptive practices. Methods: A campus-wide online survey was used as part of the data collection at a midsize institution in Central California. The questionnaire was a 32-items scale instrument called Contraceptive Attitude Scale (CAS), developed by Dr. Black. Results: Three hundred and forty-four students successfully completed the 32-items scale instrument CAS, which measured general contraceptive attitudes among Hmong young adults in rural California. The data reveals a high prevalence of unmarried (85%) Hmong college students reporting being sexually active (67%), with 62% having at least one sexual partner over the past 12 months; however, only 36% reported to use condom compared to 58% who did not use condoms during the last time of sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The findings indicated statistically significant differences between groups on the characteristics of sexual partners, contraceptive methods, marital status, birthplace, primary language spoken at home, years spent in college and years lived in the United States. The findings greatly contribute to the understanding of factors that influence contraceptive choices among the Hmong college population. More importantly, the information is crucial in designing programs to promote contraceptive knowledge and practices that are specific to the Hmong.

Introducción: Si bien se informaron diferencias en las actitudes anticonceptivas entre los diferentes grupos étnicos en los EE. UU., Se ha realizado poca o ninguna investigación para comprender las necesidades y actitudes de salud reproductiva entre los adultos jóvenes Hmong. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio que investiga la relación entre la percepción anticonceptiva de esta comunidad. Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar actitudes que influyen en las prácticas anticonceptivas de los estudiantes universitarios de Hmong.Métodos: Se utilizó una encuesta en línea en todo el campus como parte de la recopilación de datos en una institución mediana en California Central. El cuestionario era un instrumento a escala de 32 ítems llamado Escala de Actitud Anticonceptiva (CAS), desarrollado por el Dra. Black. Resultados:Trescientos cuarenta y cuatro estudiantes completaron con éxito el instrumento CAS de escala de 32 ítems, que midió las actitudes anticonceptivas generales entre los adultos jóvenes Hmong en las zonas rurales de California. Los datos revelan una alta prevalencia de estudiantes universitarios Hmong solteros (85%) que informan ser sexualmente activos (67%), al menos una pareja sexual en los últimos 12 meses (62%); sin embargo, solo el 36% informó usar condón en comparación con el 58% que no usó condón durante la última vez que tuvo relaciones sexuales. Conclusión: Los resultados indicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a las características de las parejas sexuales, los métodos anticonceptivos, el estado civil, el lugar de nacimiento, el idioma principal que se habla en el hogar, los años que pasaron en la universidad y los años que vivieron en los Estados Unidos. Los hallazgos contribuyen en gran medida a la comprensión de los factores que influyen en las elecciones de anticonceptivos entre la población universitaria de Hmong. Más importante aún, la información es crucial en el diseño de programas para promover el conocimiento y las prácticas anticonceptivas que son específicos del Hmong.

Key predictors of modern contraceptive use among women in marital relationship in South-West region of Nigeria

Background: Nigeria’s population is the seventh largest in the world and is projected to be the fourth largest by 2050. The demographic scenario is akin by persistent high fertility and low contraceptive use. This paper examined factors influencing contraceptive use among women in marital relationship in south-west region which has the highest percentage of use compared to other regions.Methods: A sub-sample of 3,784 women in marital relationship in the south-west region aged 15-49 was extracted from the 38,945 nationally representative samples of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The dependent variable was contraceptive use, and key predictors include fertility behavior, employment, agents of modernity, and background factors. Logistics regression techniques were used in modeling the multivariate relationships.Results: Results showed that contraceptive use varied significantly by state of residence. It increased (odds = 3.6, p-value=0.000) for respondents with higher education compared to the uneducated. Also it increased (odds = 2.84, P-value=0.000) for the richest sub-group compared to the poorest/poorer category. The odds of using contraceptive increased (odds=2.20, P-value=0.000) for respondents who preferred no other child compared to their counterparts who preferred to have additional; and it decreased (odds=0.37, P-value=0.000) for those who had two or fewer children compared to those who had three or more.Conclusions: Policies and programme intervention should consider education, wealth status, and preference for additional child, and number of living children as key to increasing contraceptive uptake in the region.

A Survey of Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors among Street Beggar Women in South Ethiopia

Background:According to Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2011, contraceptive acceptance was 29%.But no evidence that shows how much it is in absolutely poorest people and what factors affect their utilization.Objectives:This study aimed to assess prevalence of contraceptive acceptance, and associated factors among street beggar women in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among street beggar women from February to March 2013. An interview based pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Data collection sites were demarcated into churches, mosques, market areas and women begging on roads.EPI info 3.5.3, and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the data respectively and descriptive statistic and odds ratio were used to present the data. Binary and multivariate logistic regulations were performed. Results: Three hundred forty five women participated in the study yielding response rate of 91%. The contraceptive acceptance rate prevalence was 37.4% (95% CI: 20.5, 27.3).Nearly 60% were used injectable contraceptive. Religion (AOR = 11.6, 95%CI: 2.12, 63.62), husband approved utilization (AOR = 7.68, 95%CI: 1.37, 43.15), women who have children after joining street begging (AOR = 10.18, 95%CI: 3.84, 17.26) were significantly associated with contraceptive utilization; but those who sleep at the night on the street use contraceptive less likely (AOR = 0.21, 95%CI:0.05, 0.92).Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of the contraceptive acceptance among beggar women in south Ethiopia. Furthermore, the study revealed that the contraceptive acceptance among beggar women is strongly associated with husband approved utilization, women who have children after joining street begging, and women who sleep the night on the street. Therefore, concerned bodies should intervene on these factors

Factors associated with unmet need for family planning among young women in the Philippines

@#<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The sociodemographic shift in sexual initiation, low contraceptive and family planning use pose threat in the reproductive health and well-being of young people. Despite the rise in sexual activity among<br />young people before reaching the age of 18, prevalence of contraceptive use remains low while unmet need for family planning among married and sexually active women is consistently highest among women 15-19 years old compared to any other age group.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The observed trend in the reproductive health practices of young people, as well as the paucity of literature on adolescent reproductive health, warrant the need for studies that focus on family planning and sexual behavior of young people. This study aims to determine the factors associated with unmet need for family planning among sexually active women aged 15-19 years in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This study used the data from the National Demographic Health Survey 2017. The analysis included only the fecund and sexually active women aged 15-19 years old. Logistic regression was performed in order to determine the significant predictors of unmet need for family planning among young women.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Sixty-eight percent of women reported secondary education as the highest level of education attended. Knowledge on modern family planning method is high at 99% while the proportion of women with<br />knowledge of ovulatory cycle, and knowledge on possibility of getting pregnant after giving birth and before the return of menstrual cycle are 21% and 61%, respectively. The proportion of women who responded that<br />their husbands/partners desire the same number of children is 68%. Multiple logistic regression and stepwise selection procedure showed that husband's fertility preference is a significant predictor of having unmet need.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Addressing the issue on low family planning and contraceptive use among young women in the Philippines requires concerted efforts that aim to cater to the needs of both men and women in this age group.<br />The consistently low family planning practice among young people despite the overall improvement in the proportion of family planning users among women indicates the need for variability in strategies that target<br />young and older age groups. Further research should be conducted in order to gain better understanding of the determinants of unmet need for family planning among young people.</p>

Intentions On Contraceptives Use And Method Of Choice Among The Postpartum Women Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital In Jharkhand

Background: Postpartum family planning (PPFP) information and services can prevent maternal and child morbidity and mortality in low–resource countries, like India, where high unmet need for PPFP remains despite opportunities offered by routine postnatal care visits. There is a high unmet need for limiting and spacing child births during the postpartum period. Our objective was to establish the intentions on contraceptive uptake among postpartum women in a referral hospital in Jharkhand. Methods: We conducted a cross–sectional study using a convenience sample of 100 Postpartum women before their discharge following delivery at a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to March 2018 in MGM Medical college Jamshedpur. Participants were interviewed using structured questionnaires, data was collected and information was obtained from mothers regarding their perceptions on family planning methods, use, availability, and acceptability. Result: 100 women participated in the study. 86% women intend to use a method of postpartum contraception. The most preferred intended postpartum contraceptive was IUDs (25.5%) followed by injectables (20.9%) and condom (11.6%). The most commonly cited reason for the intended choice of contraceptive method was convenience . Reasons for non–use of postpartum contraception include spouse refusal, religious beliefs, effect on fertility, desire for further child beå. Conclusion: Although most women intended to use contraceptive, they did not receive adequate prenatal counseling on postpartum contraception. Counselling on postpartum contraception during the antenatal and postnatal period can help women to make informed choices among the wide range of available contraception.

Factors and Determinants of Unmet Needs: Identifying Association Between Variables and Unmet Needs Among Married Women of Child Bearing Age in Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Unmet needs for family planning is an important method to evaluate family planning programs hence this study was conducted to assess the unmet needs of contraception and its associated factors and reasons. Objectives: 1) to determine the unmet needs, its determinants and reasons among fecund and sexually active married women 2) to identify association between variables and unmet needs among fecund and sexually active married women. Materials & Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study, conducted in the catchment area of Institute of Public Health Lahore. Sample size was 200 women of Child Bearing Age (CBA) who were fecund and sexually active, with no history of hysterectomy, and living with their husbands. Simple random sampling technique was applied to recruit the sample population. Data was collected upon a structured questionnaire. Dependent variable was unmet needs; and independent variables included socio demographic variables and factors related to reproductive health. Data entered and analyzed upon SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics calculated; Bivariate analysis was applied to identify association of variables with met and unmet needs.  Results: About 19.38% women had unmet needs for family planning; 8.59% for limiting and 10.79% for spacing. Family Planning knowledge, discussion about family planning between spouses and Husband’s sole role as a decision maker were significantly associated with unmet needs. Reasons for unmet needs were fear of side effects 29.5%, experience of side effects 21.6% mainly menstrual cycle disturbance and weight gain, Lack of information 13.6%, disapproval from their husbands 20.5% and by their Mother in Laws 9.1%. Conclusion: Our study indicated unmet needs for contraception comparable to latest report by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2015-2016 (35.5%) but still there is a scope to improve health education system, plan a structured counselling for Family Planning, reduce the impact of obstacles and address current issues to meet contraception needs.

Contraceptive Choices amongst Antenatal Care Patients in a Tertiary Health Centre in Nigeria.

Background to Study: Maternal mortality and morbidity are very high in sub-Saharan Africa as in most developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. There have been concerted efforts by Governments of these countries, Non-Governmental Organisations, International and World bodies on how to solve this problem. One of the worth able strategies employed to solve the issue of maternal mortality is to prevent unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, space births, plan family sizes through the use of modern contraceptive methods for women in their reproductive age. However, maternal mortality remains high in Nigeria because of the low prevalence of contraceptive patronage. We, the authors of this study decided to test the prevalence of contraceptive patronage amongst our antenatal patients and compare our results nationally and globally. Objective: To determine the pattern of contraceptive choices among antenatal patients attending the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa state, South-South Nigeria, between October 2014 to January 2015. It consisted of a set of structured, pretested questionnaires that were administered to consecutive antenatal attendees. Results: Fifty-one (57.3%) of subjects in the study have used contraceptives in the past. The most commonly used modern contraceptive method among the study population was the male condom – 25 (28.1%). Injectables were used by 12 (13.5%) of those who have used contraceptives before the advent of present pregnancy. Information on contraception- Seventy three (82%) of respondents learnt of family planning services in the hospital through Doctors and Nurses. Conclusion: Previous contraceptive usage before the pregnancy by the study group was encouraging. However more advocacies by contraceptive providers are needed in the areas of emergency contraception and long term contraceptive methods for increase uptake.

Sociodemographic Profile, Contraceptive Practice and Awareness of HIV Infection among Unmarried Postpartum Women in a Tertiary Centre in Malaysia

To describe the sociodemographic profile, contraceptive practice, and awareness of HIV infection among unmarried post partum women in the biggest government hospital in Pahang. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-proforma-based study was conducted for one year duration from August 2010 until July 2011 by identifying and recruiting all the unmarried women upon admission for delivery. Basic information were obtained from the use of patients’ case notes, and further related and necessary information were obtained from a direct face-to-face interview based on a proforma. Results: A total of 121 unmarried women were identified and recruited. The age ranged from 13 to 36 years with a mean age of 21.6 years. 31.4% were teenagers. Only 16% of patients have tertiary education, and 2.5% never had any formal education. About one third of the women were smokers or ex-smokers, 7.5% had consumed alcohol, but none denied ever use of any recreational drugs. Almost 9% has prior history of being sexually assaulted. About three quarter of the women never used any contraceptive method. Majority of the patients (85.1%) were aware of HIV transmission risk; 75% never had any antenatal checkup or booked at late gestation (> 20 weeks); and 45.8% were not aware of any support groups for single mothers. Conclusion: Single unmarried women are associated with disadvantaged sociodemographic profile. Contraceptive practice was also very low despite significant awareness towards risk of HIV infection. Further follow up, support and care should be offered to these women.

Contraceptive Use and Impact Factors among Reproductive-age Urban Women Seeking Abortions in Kunming / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To determine the situation of contraceptive use and impact factors among reproductive-age women seeking abortion in Kunming which was in the southwest of China in order to provide information for improving contraceptive use. Methods A hospital-based study was conducted among 397 women of reproductive age, seeking abortion in hospitals of different levels in Kunming from June 2011 to December 2011. They were face to face interviewed by the trained investigators with the questionnaires. Results Among 397 women, 229 cases (57.7%) had experienced induced abortion. Abortion accounted for 61.7% of married women, and unmarried accounted for 39.3%. About 36.3%never used any contraceptives, and only 21.4%of respondents used contraceptives at every intercourse. The main contraceptive before this pregnancy was condom (68.9%) . The use of contraceptives was mainly decided by couple (73.4%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents' age, educational level and access to contraceptives in hospital were associated with the use of contraceptive. Conclusion Premarital pregnancy and low rate of contraception are the main reason for induced abortion. Fewer reproductive-age women seeking abortion use contraceptives. It is necessary to increase their awareness of contraception and abortion related knowledge, provide feasible contraceptive to enable women to avoid unwilling pregnancy. Further more, it is important to promote male involvement in contraception.

Utilization of contraceptives among married women of childbearing age in Tuan Dao commune Son Dong district, Bac Giang province, Vietnam in 2004

The cross-sectional study included 384 childbearing age was conducted from 2nd to 28th January, 2004 in Tuan Dao commune, Son Dong district, Bac Giang province. Four hundred married women in childbearing age were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis such as frequencies, percentage, means, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test. The result showed that the majority of the respondents used contraceptives. Intra-uterine devices (IUD) was the predominant method, followed by condom, female sterilization, withdrawal, oral pill and periodic abstinence. Other modern methods like injection. Norplant were not applied widely among respondents. There were statistically significant differences between contraceptive use and age, fertility, income, information access, communication on contraceptive, perceived need, preference to have son. In contrary, there were no statistically significant differences between contraceptive use and education and occupation. There were no statistic significant differences between abortion and related factors were found in this study.