ABSTRACT
Two cases of cerebral venous thrombosis are reported. Patients were apparently healthy 39 and 28year old females with nonspecific presenting features. Image findings were characteristic of cerebral sinus thrombosis. The younger patient received progesterone to treat placental abruption eight years previously; she had cerebral venous thrombosis while using oral contraception. Both patients had used contraceptive pills for a long time. Oral hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of vascular events, even in people without personal or family history of venous thrombosis. Modern imaging methods have contributed to early diagnosis, but the possibility of under diagnosis still persists. This report aims to increase the awareness of healthworkers about cerebral venous thrombosis in women, an entity often misdiagnosed, under diagnosed and underreported.
Se informan dos casos de trombosis venosa cerebral. Las pacientes eran mujeres aparentemente saludables, 39 y 28años de edad, con presentación clínica nonespecífica. Los dados de exámenes de imagen eran característicos de trombosis del seno cerebral. La paciente más joven recibió progesterona para tratar desprendimiento de placenta, y ocho años antes había presentado trombosis venosa cerebral mientras usando anticoncepción oral. Ambas pacientes habían usado las píldoras anticoncepcionales durante mucho tiempo. Los contraceptivos hormonales orales pueden aumentar el riesgo de eventos vasculares, incluso en las personas sin antecedente personal o familiar de trombosis venosa. Las nuevas técnicas de imágenes han contribuido al diagnóstico temprano, pero la posibilidad de diagnóstico insospechado todavía persiste. El propósito de este informe es aumentar el índice de sospecha de profesionales de la salud sobre la trombosis venosa cerebral en mujeres, entidad a menudo erróneamente diagnosticada, infradiagnosticada y no reportada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/adverse effects , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/chemically induced , Angiography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Este trabalho de revisão apresenta o tratamento hormonal da acne baseado em evidências. O trabalho resume a clínica, a classificação, a fisiopatologia e a etiologia da acne. A avaliação de estudos selecionados mostrou que o tratamento hormonal da acne deve ser complementado por tratamento cosmiátrico, e não está indicado para gestantes ou mulheres com planos de engravidar. A primeira escolha para esse tratamento são os contraceptivos hormonais orais, pois são efetivos e seguros para tratamento da acne e também para anticoncepção. Após tempo estabelecido, se o resultado for insatisfatório, outro medicamento, como acetato de ciproterona ou espironolactona, deve ser adicionado. A finasterida é o medicamento indicado para acne de origem idiopática, e a flutamida apresenta efeitos colaterais significativos, não constituindo indicação segura até o momento.
This review shows the hormonal treatment of acne. The review summarizes the clinical aspects, classification, physiopathology and etiology of the acne. The evaluation of selected papers showed that hormonal treatment of acne with hormones has to be complemented by esthetics treatment and is not prescribed for pregnant women or those who want to get pregnant. The first choice of treatment is the hormonal oral contraceptive one, because it is effective and safe for treatment of acne and also for contraception. After an established period with unsatisfactory results, other medicines, such as ciproterone acetate or spironolactone, can be added. The finasteride is prescribed for idiopathic acne and flutamide has many relevant side effects and is also not safe.