El nuevo tratamiento del régimen de la capacidad en el Código Civil peruano / E novo tratamento do regime da capacidade no Código Civil peruano / The new treatment of the capacity regime in the Peruvian Civil Code

Resumen: El Perú cuenta con un nuevo tratamiento de la capacidad en el Código Civil de 1984, logrando un acercamiento a las directrices de las Naciones Unidas en pro de la autonomía y la plena capacidad jurídica de las personas con discapacidad. Mediante las últimas modificaciones, realizadas por el Decreto Legislativo Nº 1384, se unen varios aspectos inconclusos en torno a los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, sobre la base del respeto a los derechos humanos de todos los ciudadanos, especialmente en cuanto a su dignidad, autonomía e igualdad ante la ley. El modelo social vigente remplaza el régimen de sustitución de la voluntad de las personas incapaces, por uno de asistencia a través de los denominados apoyos y salvaguardias. Toda persona, independientemente de su capacidad, es un sujeto de derecho libre de tomar y responder de sus decisiones personales.

Resumo: O Peru conta com um novo tratamento da capacidade no Código Cicil de 1984, alcançando acercar-se das diretrizes das Nações Unidas em prol da autonomia e da plena capacidade jurídica das pessoas com incapacidade. Mediante as últimas modificações realizadas pelo Decreto Legislativo Nº 1384, unem-se vários aspectos inacabados em torno dos direitos das pessoas com incapacidade sobre uma base de respeito aos direitos humanos de todos os cidadãos, especialmente quanto a sua dignidade, autonomia e igualdade perante a lei. O modelo social vigente troca o regime de substituição da vontade das pessoas incapazes por um de assistência através dos denominados apoios e salvaguardas. Toda pessoa, independentemente de sua capacidade, é um sujeito de direito livre para tomar e responder por suas decisões pessoais.

Abstract: Peru has a new capacity treatment in the Civil Code of 1984, achieving an approach to the guidelines of the United Nations in favor of the autonomy and full legal capacity of persons with disabilities. Through the latest modifications made by Legislative Decree N. 1384, several unfinished aspects are linked to the rights of persons with disabilities based on respect for the human rights of all citizens, especially in terms of their dignity, autonomy and equality before the law. The current social model replaces the regime of substitution of the will of the incapable by one of assistance through the so-called supports and safeguards. Every person, regardless of their capacity, is a subject of free right to take and respond to their personal decisions.

Content Analysis of Definition and Measurement of Disability: Based on ICF and UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze theoretical frameworks, definitions, terminology and measurements of disability using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), to provide a scientific basis for developing definition, classification and measurements to meet international standards.Methods Content analysis had been conducted for the definitions and measurements of disability issued by international organizations using the ICF terminology and code and the definitions of disability and people with disability by CRPD.Results The core concepts and content had been reviewed using the ICF terminology and code, and the definitions of disability and people with disability by CRPD. The contents of definitions of disability proposed by international organizations cover all components of ICF. The contents of standardized disability measurements issued by United Nations or World Health Organization cover all components of ICF and map to CRPD definitions of disability and people with disability as the framework, classification, terminology and coding system had been adopted for the development.Conclusion The definition and measurements had been developed using ICF and CRPD framework, terminology, and coding system of disability. The framework and standard of disability had been constructed. The standard of disability data will implement in the fields of health, rehabilitation, education, employment, community and social services for people with disability to promote data exchange across sectors.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Compulsory Admission of Persons with Mental Illness: A Critique of Prohibition of Compulsory Admission / 신경정신의학

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) has often been cited as the basis for the abolition of involuntary hospitalization for persons with mental illness. Although the UNCRPD itself does not refer explicitly to the abolition of involuntary hospitalization, the General Comment prohibited all compulsory admission without adequate explanation. While the disability status alone may not justify the denial of legal capacity, the existence of impaired decision-making ability can raise issues regarding whether involuntary admission can be justified in the best interest of persons with mental illness. The General Comment, however, argues that involuntary admission does not comply with the CRPD which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disabilities. This statement defies logic since the issue is whether the existence of impaired decision-making ability may be an exceptional case. It is also against the principles of beneficence to withhold treatment for persons with mental illness just for self-determination when poor outcomes are anticipated if left untreated. The concept of supported decision making suggested by the General Comment is also ambiguous, and not clearly distinguishable from substitute decision making. Another reason for the prohibition of involuntary admission relates to doubt concerning the accuracy of assessment of mental capacity, which implies adequate assessment may justify involuntary admission. In practice, it is not always complicated to assess mental capacity in order to make treatment-related decisions. The third reason concerns the argument that psychiatric treatments lack empirical evidence concerning effectiveness. Scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychiatric treatment is abundant. The rights of persons with mental illness are important ethical issues. However, it is doubtful whether the blanket prohibition of compulsory admission is appropriate and ethical. Critical review of the UNCRPD and the General Comment is urgent for timely treatment and for the well-being of persons with mental illness.

Análisis de conceptos nucleares que fundamentan la normatividad de la educación inclusiva en Colombia / An analysis of core concepts that underlying inclusive education in Colombia

La presente investigación, buscó identificar los conceptos nucleares que subyacen el desarrollo normativo de la Educación Inclusiva en Colombia, de sus grandes hitos: la ley 115 de 1994 y la Ley 1618 de 2013, con el fin de problematizar las tendencias existentes y contrastarlas con las aspiraciones de la Convención Internacional sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad [CDPD], ratificada en Colombia mediante la ley 1346 de 2009. Dicha Convención encarna los ideales de Justicia, Igualdadd y Libertad para las Personas con Discapacidad. La ruta trabajada inició con una fase documental que arrojó un minucioso normograma de 1994 a 2013 compuesto por las leyes, decretos y resoluciones relacionadas con la educación inclusiva. Posteriormente, se replicó el instrumento de Turnbull y Stowe (2001), para el análisis de los conceptos nucleares de la normatividad identificada, adaptada por Moreno (2007). Adicionalmente, se complemen-tó este análisis con una encuesta a un grupo de docentes de colegios públicos rurales, lo cual confirmó el impacto de los términos que manejan los docentes para referirse a la población de estudio, en el marco de la normatividad colombiana. Por último, se realizó un aporte conceptual introduciendo algunas consideraciones para la futura implementación de la ley 1618 aplicando los principios de la Convención de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad: libertad, justicia e igualdad, necesarias garantizar el derecho a la educación con calidad, para las niñas, niños y jóvenes con discapacidad

This research sought to identify the key concepts underlying the regulatory development of in-clusive education in Colombia, in two of its major milestones: Law 115 of 1994 and Law 1618 of 2013, in order to problematize existing trends and contrastthem with the aspirations of the Inter-national Convention about rights of people with disabilities [CRPD], ratified in Colombia by law 1346 of 2009. The Convention embodies the ideals of Justice, Equality and Freedom for people with disabilities.The route worked began with a documentary phase that showed a thorough nomogram from 1994 to 2013 consisting of laws, decrees and resolutions related to inclusive education; Subse-quently, R.H. Turnbull & M.J. Stowe (2001) instrument was replied, for analyzing nuclear con-cepts of identified regulations, adapted by Moreno (2007).In addition, this regulatory analysis was complemented with one survey on a group of teachers in rural public schools, which confirmed the impact of terms adopted by teachers when refe-ring to study population under Colombian regulations. Finally, a conceptual contribution was made by introducing some considerations for future implementation of the law 1618 applying the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN (2008): freedom, justice and equality, necessary to ensure the right to quality education for children and youth with disabilities

Implications of World Report on Disability to Services of Rehabilitation for Persons with Disabilities in China / 中国康复理论与实践

@#World Report on Disability discussed the current situation of persons with disabilities, health care, rehabilitation, support and assistance, barrier-free environment, education, employment, and relevant policy recommendations, adhering to the spirit of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as its theoretical structure.Based on the report, this article discussed the revelations to services of rehabilitation for persons with disabilities and their problems,which were advocating new concepts of rehabilitation services, using multidisciplinary rehabilitation model, and strengthening construction of talents in services of rehabilitation.

Deficiência, direitos humanos e justiça / Disability, human rights and justice / Discapacidad, derechos humanos y justicia

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como o campo dos estudos sobre deficiência consolidou o conceito de deficiência como desvantagem social. Por meio de uma revisão das principais ideias do modelo social da deficiência, o artigo traça uma gênese do conceito de deficiência como restrição de participação ao corpo com impedimentos, tal como adotado pela Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da Organização das Nações Unidas, ratificada pelo Brasil em 2008.

This paper aims to demonstrate how the field of disability studies consolidated the concept of disability as social oppression. By reviewing the main ideas of the social model of disability, this article presents the genesis of the concept of disability as a restriction of participation for disabled people, as adopted by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which Brazil ratified in 2008.

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo el campo de los estudios sobre discapacidad ha consolidado el concepto de discapacidad como desventaja social. Por medio de una revisión de las principales ideas del modelo social de la discapacidad, el artículo traza una génesis del concepto de discapacidad como restricción de participación al cuerpo con deficiencias, tal como adoptado por la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, ratificada por Brasil en 2008.