A study of comparison of liquid-based cytology versus conventional pap smear for evaluation of cervical cytology at a tertiary healthcare hospital

Background: Cervical cancer is the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in women, and the only sign of this cancer in the early stages is the loss of abnormal cells. Clinical signs of the disease appear only after cancer has reached advanced stages. Conversely, this cancer in precancerous conditions is completely curable and screening with conventional Papanicolaou (CP) has reduced the mortality by 70% but it is also associated with a significant number of false-negative cases (20-50%). In 1996, liquid-based cytology (LBC) method was developed to overcome the disadvantages of the previous method expecting to have good features such as high sensitivity, faster sample preparation, and decreased the rate of inadequate smears.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, government medical college, Datia for the period of 11 months from April 2018 to February 2019. The study includes total 80 subjects. Total No. of Pap smear examined (both LBC and CPS) are 160.Results: There were statistically significant differences of satisfactory/unsatisfactory rate, smear cellularity, background clarity and detection of endocervical cells, in between liquid based cytology and conventional Pap smear finding (p<0.05). Diagnostic efficacy i.e. sensitivity and specificity of LBC is greater than CPS for evaluation of cervical cytology.Conclusions: Results shows, that LBC may improve the sample's quality, reduce the number of unsatisfactory smear and increases the diagnostic efficacy.

Citologías cervico-vaginales no satisfactorias en el hospital “Manuel Noriega Trigo” de Maracaibo / Unsatisfactory cervico-pap tests at the hospital

Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje de citologías cervico-vaginales no satisfactorias en el Hospital “Manuel Noriega Trigo”. Métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las citologías cervico-vaginales estudiadas en el Servicio de Anatomía-Patológica del período comprendido entre noviembre 2008 a diciembre de 2009. Resultados: Se revisaron 1 566 citologías cervico-vaginales reportándose 126 como insatisfactorias (8.%). Las causas más frecuente de citologías cervico-vaginales no satisfactoria fue la falta de identificación del paciente (n=53, 36,8 %), la abundancia de leucocitos (n=31, 21,5 %) y la presencia de abundantes hematíes (n=26, 18,1 %). Diez y siete citologías cervico-vaginales (14,3 %) presentaron varias causas para ser catalogadas como insatisfactorias. Ochenta (63,5 %) de 126 citologías cervico-vaginales reportadas insatisfactorias fueron reportadas como negativas para malignidad. Cuarenta (31,7 %) de las (126 citologías cervico-vaginales) insatisfactorias fueron consideradas como imposibles de ser analizadas o estudiadas por el citotecnólogo o patólogo, representaron el 2,6 % del total de las estudiadas. En 33 citologías cervico-vaginales (2,1 %), no se encontraron células endocervicales. Los centros asistenciales que presentaron un mayor número de citologías cervico-vaginales no satisfactorias fueron el Hospital “Manuel Noriega Trigo” con 63 (50 %), Ambulatorio El Silencio con 31 (24,6 %) y el Ambulatorio El Caujaro con 17 (13,5 %), sin embargo, en proporción, fueron los Ambulatorios El Silencio (31 de 133 citologías cervico-vaginales, 23,3 %) y El Caujaro (17 de 115 citologías cervico-vaginales, 14,8 %) los que tuvieron mayor número de citologías cervico-vaginales insatisfactorias. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de citologías cervico-vaginales insatisfactorias fue aceptable cuando se analizaron las causas propias de la toma, procesamiento y lecturas de las citologías cervico-vaginales. Asimismo, el porcentaje de ausencia de células ...

Objective: To determinate the percentage of unsatisfactory Pap smears at Manuel Noriega Trigo Hospital. Methods: Pap smears studied by the Service of Pathology were reviewed retrospectively between November 2008 and December 2009. Results: One hundred twenty six (8 %) of 1 566 Pap smears were reported unsatisfactory. The most common cause of unsatisfactory vaginal cytology was the lack of patient´s identification (n=53, 36.8 %), obscuring smear inflammation (n=31, 21.5 %) and blood (n=26, 18.1 %). Seventeen Pap smear (14.3 %) had several causes to be considered non satisfactory. Eighty (63.5 %) of 126 Pap smear unsatisfactory were negatives to malignancy. Forty (31.7 %) of 126 Pap smear unsatisfactory could not be analyzed neither the cytotechnogist nor the pathologist; they represented 2.6 % of the 1566 Pap smear. Thirty three Pap smear (2.1 %) did not have endocervical cells. Hospital “Manuel Noriega Trigo” (n=63.50 %), El Silencio (n=31, 24.6 %) and El Caujaro (n=17, 13.5 %) have higher number of unsatisfactory vaginal cytologies, however, proportionally El Silencio (31 of 133 Pap smear, 23.3 %) and El Caujaro (17 of 115 Pap smear, 14.8 %) had higher unsatisfactory Pap smears. Conclusion: The percentage of unsatisfactory Pap smears was acceptable when we analyzed causes such as the technique of collection of the Pap smear, the staining technique, and the study of the slide. The number of endocervical cells was low even though the endocervical collection sample was taken with a cotton swab, maybe because Pap smear were taken by medical doctors.

Prevalence Study of Candidiasis by Conventional Pap Smear at Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of candidiasis among women of 20 to 59 years of age at Sarawak General Hospital by examining the conventional Pap smear. The prevalence of this infection was studied among the five main ethnic groups comprising of Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. Microscopic screening of 300 conventional Pap smears which had been processed and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method was conducted. Based on the information provided in the Pap smear screening form, the clinical manifestations were observed which may provide some indications on the type of infection. The details of the clinical manifestations were very important because in an infection or inflammation, Pap smears would usually demonstrate the cyto-morphological changes of the epithelial cells. The age factor among the different ethnics also plays important role in the assessment of the infection frequency. Candida sp. was detected in 12.7% of the specimens. The infection occurred in all ethnic groups as well as in all age groups. All cases presented with clinical signs and symptoms. The results of this study revealed the importance of undergoing Pap smear screening for candidiasis detection besides screening for the early detection of cervical cancer

Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis from Examination of Conventional Pap Smears at Sarawak / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women of age 20 to 59 years at Sarawak General Hospital by examining the conventional Pap smear. The prevalence of this infection was studied among the five main ethnic groups comprising the Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. Microscopic screening of 300 conventional Pap smears which had been processed and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method was conducted. Based on the information provided in the Pap smear screening form, the clinical manifestations were observed which may provide some indications on the type of infection. The details of the clinical manifestations were very important because in an infection or inflammation, Pap smears would usually demonstrate changes on the cyto-morphology of the epithelial cells. The age factor among the different ethnics also played important role in the assessment of the infection frequency. Bacterial vaginosis was detected in 79.7% (239/300) of cases. The infection occurred in all ethnic groups and the infections were more frequently seen among the 20 to 39 years age group. Majority of the cases (93.9%) presented with clinical signs and symptoms. The results of this study revealed the importance of undergoing a Pap smear screening for bacterial vaginosis detection besides screening for the early detection of cervical cancer

Prevalence Study of Trichomonas vaginalis by Conventional Pap Smear at Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among women of age 20 to 59 years at Sarawak General Hospital by examining the conventional Pap smear. The prevalence of this infection was studied among the five main ethnic groups comprising the Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. Microscopic screening of 300 conventional Pap smears which had been processed and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method was conducted. Based on the information provided in the Pap smear screening form, the clinical manifestations were observed which may provide some indications on the kind of infection. The details of the clinical manifestations were very important because in an infection or inflammation, Pap smears would usually demonstrate changes on the cyto-morphology of the epithelial cells. The age factor among the different ethnics also played important role in the assessment of the infection frequency. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in 7.7% (23/300) of the specimens. This infection occurred in all ethnic groups and the infections were more frequently seen among 20 to 29 years age group. All the cases presented with clinical signs and symptoms. The results of this study revealed the importance of undergoing Pap smear screening for Trichomonas vaginalis infection detection besides screening for the early detection of cervical cancer.