Correlation between myopia progression and visual performance in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The incidence of myopia among Chinese adolescents is progressively rising, indicating a distinct trend toward younger age onset.This paper aims to comprehensively review the impact of various visual performance on myopia and its progression, with a specific emphasis on accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position. A meticulous exploration of accommodation function, encompassing accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response, positive relative accommodation, and negative relative accommodation, has been undertaken to elucidate its contributory role in myopia progression. Concurrently, an exhaustive analysis of convergence function has been conducted including esotropia and exotropia, convergence insufficiency and convergence excess, fusional function vergence, divergence insufficiency, and excess, providing a nuanced understanding of convergence's implications for myopia advancement. Furthermore, the influence of ocular position on myopia progression, along with other factors affecting perceptual ocular position and intermittent exotropia, is discussed. The primary objective of this article is to unveil the multifaceted visual performance influencing myopia and its progression, elucidating the paramount significance of accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position in this context.

Transient change in the binocular visual function after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for myopia patients

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the difference in binocular visual function for high and low?moderate myopes before and after femtosecond laser?assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS?LASIK). Methods: Thirty?three subjects (17 males and 16 females) were divided into two groups according to their preoperative refractive errors in spherical equivalent (SE): low?moderate myopia group (SE ??6.00 D) and high myopia group (SE <?6.00 D). The binocular visual function including accommodative amplitude (AA), accommodative facility (AF), positive and negative relative accommodation (PRA and NRA, respectively), horizontal phoria measurement, positive and negative fusion vergence, accommodative–convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio, and stereopsis were assessed with the best?corrected vision before patients received FS?LASIK and 7 and 30 days after the surgery. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to study the change in binocular visual function. Results: The AF values in both groups were significantly reduced after 7 days of FS?LASIK (baseline vs. day 7 (mean): high myopia group: 7.85 vs. 5.62 cpm, repeated ANOVA, P = 0.01; low?moderate myopia group: 5.95 vs. 4.40 cpm, repeated ANOVA, P = 0.04). This change returned to the baseline level 30 days after the operation. In addition, the horizontal phoria values in both groups were significantly reduced for both distant (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001, respectively) and near (P = 0.003 and P = 0.049, respectively) 7 days after the operation, but they rebound to preoperative state after 30 days. Conclusion: A transient change in binocular visual function was noticed after 7 days of FS?LASIK operation, which could cause symptoms of asthenopia. Our data showed all the binocular visual functions returned to baseline level after 30 days of operation.

Long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury on oculomotor parameters / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)on oculomotor parameters.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 46 patients from 6 to 12mo after mTBI who visited Tianjin Eye Hospital from February to August 2021 were collected. According to the score of the Brain Injury Vision Sympton Survey(BIVSS)Questionnaire, they were divided into the symptomatic group of mTBI(BIVSS total score ≥32, n=24)and the asymptomatic group of mTBI(BIVSS total score &#x0026;#x003C;32, n=22). In addition, healthy people without mTBI were selected as the control group(n=23). All of the subjects accepted test of oculomotor parameters to evaluate binocular vision.RESULTS: Monocular accommodation amplitude, monocular accommodation facility, the absolute value of phoria at near, BI recovery point of fusional range at near and saccades were different among the three groups(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05); There were no significant differences in near point of convergence, the absolute value of distance phoria, BI blur, BO blur and recovery of fusional range at near among the three groups(P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05). The incidence of accommodative abnormality, convergence abnormality, and saccadic dysfunction were different among the three groups(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01). The incidence of accommodative abnormality in the symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic and control groups(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.0167); the incidence of convergence dysfunction in the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups were higher than that in the control group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.0167); the incidence of saccadic dysfunction in the symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic and control groups(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.0167).CONCLUSION: Accommodation, convergence, and saccades functions in the mTBI symptomatic group were lower, and some of the binocular vision in the asymptomatic group was also affected. It is suggested that mTBI has a long-term impact on oculomotor parameters, and comprehensive oculomotor assessment is necessary for mTBI patients.

Antitumor of Main Active Components of Poria： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveMalignant tumor has become a serious public health problem， threatening human health. Chinese herbal medicine has become a research focus as it is "simple， convenient， inexpensive， and effective" and exerts anti-tumor effect through "multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways". This paper reviews the anti-tumor effect of triterpenes， polysaccharides and other compounds in Poria， which is expected to serve as a reference for research on the anti-tumor effect of Poria. MethodBasic research， clinical observation， and reviews were retrieved from PubMed， Google Scholar， and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） （1995—2022） with the keywords of Poria and malignant tumor. ResultThe main active components of Poria such as triterpenes represented by pachymic acid and polysaccharides represented by pachyman had extensive pharmacological effects in inhibiting the proliferation of malignant tumors， inducing apoptosis， suppressing invasion and metastasis， regulating the immune function， and improving the quality of life. In addition， the cultivation method， medicinal part， growth environment， and harvest cycle of the medicinal plant， and dosage form and processing method of Poria affected the content of different active components. ConclusionThe active components of pachymic acid and triterpenoids have great potential in antitumor， which， however， face the challenges in innovation and quality clinical trials. The lack of quality control standard of Poria may affect the anti-tumor effect， and efforts should be made to formulate specific standard for quality control. The antitumor of Poria is science-based and thus it has broad application prospect. Nevertheless， more efforts should be made before the practical application.

Fiscal Discipline And Real Exchange Rate Stability In A Heterogeneous Monetary Union: The Case Of Waemu

This research work aims to analyze the nominal convergence of budgetary variables resulting from the respect of the convergence criteria and the impact of convergence indicators on the exchange rate volatility inner the WAEMU members States. From that end we have conducted the empirical analysis of budgetary convergence in the WAEMU zone by using variables such are: expenditure, incomes and budgetary balances. In order to reach our goal, we have adopted the methodology used by Barro et Salai-Martin (1992) which methodology is implemented by the European Union through the work of Villien et al. (2003). This methodology is consisted of following in the course of the timing an indicator of variable dispersion which may stand as a typical margin or the variance. The results show a global trend to budgetary variables convergence. And then, we have assessed the different indicators of sigma convergence on the profitable exchange rates differential in the WAEMU zone. The model used has revealed the existence of a mechanism of correcting error between the desired exchange rate observed in the zone.

Corrección refractiva en pacientes con heteroforia. Informe de casos / Refractive correction in patients with heterophoria. Case reports

Introducción: La heteroforia es la mala alineación de los ejes oculares, que es compensada durante la fijación binocular, al utilizar el mecanismo de fusión. Tiene una alta prevalencia en la población. Objetivo: Evidenciar la importancia de una corrección óptica personalizada en pacientes con heteroforias. Presentación de casos: Se presentan cuatro pacientes que acudieron a consulta de oftalmología, para refracción por presentar síntomas astenópicos. Después de una evaluación completa de cada uno, se constató en todos, la presencia de heteroforia. Se determinó la existencia de exoforia, en tres de ellos, fundamentalmente asociada a insuficiencia de convergencia y esoforia en uno, con exceso de convergencia. Se indicó en todos los casos la corrección óptica personalizada, teniendo en cuenta los resultados de exámenes y se logró la eliminación de las molestias en los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las heteroforias son una causa frecuente de síntomas astenópicos. Es necesario realizar un adecuado estudio, antes de indicar una corrección refractiva, teniendo en cuenta la identificación y cuantificación de la foria, evaluación de las vergencias fusionales, así como estudio del punto próximo de convergencia y la relación convergencia acomodación(AU)

Introduction: Heterophoria is the misalignment of the ocular axes, which is compensated during binocular fixation using the fusion mechanism. It has a high prevalence in the population. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of a personalized optical correction in patients with heterophorias. Cases report: Four cases who attended an ophthalmology consultation for refraction due to asthenopic symptoms are presented. After a complete evaluation of every one of the cases, the presence of heterophoria was found in all of them. The existence of exophoria, mainly associated with insufficient convergence, was determined in three of them; and convergence excess esophoria was identified in one case. Personalized optical correction was indicated in all cases, taking into account the results of the examinations; also, the discomfort in the patients was eliminated. Conclusions: Heterophorias are a frequent cause of asthenopic symptoms. It is necessary to carry out an adequate study before indicating a refractive correction, considering the identification and quantification of phoria, evaluation of fusional vergences, the study of the near point of convergence, and the accommodation-convergence relationship(AU)

Vergencias fusionales. Exploración e importancia en la práctica clínica / Fusion Vergences. Exploration and Importance in Clinical Practice

La vergencia fusional se define como la vergencia estimulada por la disparidad retiniana que genera un movimiento vergencial para mantener la visión binocular simple, son movimientos binoculares disyuntivos en los que ambos ojos se dirigen en la misma dirección para fijar un objeto y a la vez se desplazan en sentido opuesto. La amplitud de fusión desempeña un importante papel en mantener una visión binocular simple. Los valores fuera de la norma son significativos en el diagnóstico de posibles disfunciones binoculares no estrábicas. Con este artículo se pretende mostrar los diferentes criterios relacionados con la evaluación de la amplitud de las reservas fusionales, cual es la prueba más usada y los rangos considerados dentro de límites normales, para lo que se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes publicaciones y textos de la especialidad(AU)

Fusional vergence is defined as the vergence stimulated by retinal disparity that generates a vergence movement to maintain simple binocular vision, they are disjunctive binocular movements in which both eyes are directed in the same direction to fix an object and at the same time they move in opposite way. Fusion amplitude plays an important role in maintaining single binocular vision. Values outside the norm are significant in the diagnosis of possible non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions. This article aims to show the different criteria related to the evaluation of the amplitude of fusional reserves, which is the most used test and the ranges considered within normal limits, for which a search was carried out in different publications and texts of the specialty(AU)

Alteraciones estructurales y funcionales en pacientes con ambliopía / Structural and Functional Alterations in Patients with Amblyopia

Objetivo: Determinar los resultados motores post cirugía refractiva corneal con láser de excímero en pacientes miopes con o sin astigmatismo asociado. Método: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que fueron incluidos 81 pacientes (162 ojos) tratados con LASEK-MMC (65 pacientes) o PRK-MMC (16 pacientes) seguidos por tres meses. Se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron las siguientes variables: punto próximo de convergencia, la amplitud de convergencia, divergencia y el alineamiento ocular precirugía y poscirugía. Resultados: Con la cirugía se observó un incremento significativo del punto próximo de convergencia (LASEK-MMC: p = 0,000 y PRK-MMC: p = 0,021). La amplitud de convergencia de cerca y de lejos, así como la amplitud de divergencia tendieron a disminuir, pero la diferencia no fue significativa (p > 0,05). Aumentó el porcentaje de pacientes con exodesviaciones de cerca, después de la cirugía LASEK-MMC (26,2 por ciento → 60,0 por ciento, p = 0,000) y de la PRK-MMC (18,8 por ciento → 81,3 por ciento, p = 0,000), y predominaron las heteroforias pequeñas en ambos casos (LASEK-MMC: 52,3 por ciento y PRK-MMC: 75,0 por ciento). Conclusiones: Con la cirugía fotoablativa con láser, aumentaron las exodesviaciones en el posoperatorio, pero se trató fundamentalmente de heteroforias pequeñas, aunque un número reducido de pacientes desarrolló nuevas exodesviaciones(AU)

Objective: To determine the motor results after corneal refractive surgery with excimer laser in myopic patients with or without associated astigmatism. Method: A pre-experimental study of the before and after type was carried out, in 81 patients (162 eyes) treated with LASEK-MMC (65 patients) or PRK-MMC (16 patients) followed up for three months. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed and the variables were evaluated near point of convergence, amplitude of convergence, divergence, and pre-surgery and postsurgery ocular alignment. Results: A significant increase in the near point of convergence was observed with surgery (LASEK-MMC: p = 0.000 and PRK-MMC: p = 0.021). The amplitude of convergence near and far, as well as the amplitude of divergence tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The percentage of patients with near exodeviations increased after LASEK-MMC surgery (26.2 percent → 60.0 percent, p = 0.000) and PRK-MMC (18.8 percent → 81.3 percent, p = 0.000), and small heterophoria predominated in both cases (LASEK-MMC: 52.3 percent and PRK-MMC: 75.0 percent). Conclusions: The laser photoablative surgery increased postoperative exodeviations, but they were mainly small heterophoria, although a small number of patients developed new exodeviations(AU)

Resultados motores en cirugía fotoablativa en pacientes miopes / Motor Outcomes of Photoablative Surgery in Myopic Patients

Objetivo: Determinar los resultados motores post cirugía refractiva corneal con láser de excímero en pacientes miopes con o sin astigmatismo asociado. Método: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que fueron incluidos 81 pacientes (162 ojos) tratados con LASEK-MMC (65 pacientes) o PRK-MMC (16 pacientes) seguidos por tres meses. Se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron las siguientes variables: punto próximo de convergencia, la amplitud de convergencia, divergencia y el alineamiento ocular precirugía y poscirugía. Resultados: Con la cirugía se observó un incremento significativo del punto próximo de convergencia (LASEK-MMC: p = 0,000 y PRK-MMC: p = 0,021). La amplitud de convergencia de cerca y de lejos, así como la amplitud de divergencia tendieron a disminuir, pero la diferencia no fue significativa (p > 0,05). Aumentó el porcentaje de pacientes con exodesviaciones de cerca, después de la cirugía LASEK-MMC (26,2 por ciento → 60,0 por ciento, p = 0,000) y de la PRK-MMC (18,8 por ciento → 81,3 por ciento, p = 0,000), y predominaron las heteroforias pequeñas en ambos casos (LASEK-MMC: 52,3 por ciento y PRK-MMC: 75,0 por ciento). Conclusiones: Con la cirugía fotoablativa con láser, aumentaron las exodesviaciones en el posoperatorio, pero se trató fundamentalmente de heteroforias pequeñas, aunque un número reducido de pacientes desarrolló nuevas exodesviaciones(AU)

Objective: To determine the eye movement outcomes after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery in myopic patients with or without associated astigmatism. Methods: A preexperimental, before-and-after study was carried out with 81 patients (162 eyes) treated with laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) (65 patients) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (16), with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (MMC) in both cases, and followed for three months. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed and the following variables were evaluated before and after the surgery: near convergence point, convergence amplitude, divergence and ocular alignment. Results: With surgery, a significant increase in the near point of convergence was observed (LASEK-MMC: P=0.000; PRK-MMC: P=0.021). The near and far convergence amplitude tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The percentage of patients with near exodeviations increased after LASEK-MMC (26.2 percent → 60.0 percent, P=0.000) and PRK-MMC (18.8 percent → 81.3 percent, P=0.000), while small heterophorias predominated in both cases (LASEK-MMC: 52.3 percent and PRK-MMC: 75.0 percent). Conclusions: With laser photoablative surgery, exodeviations increased after surgery, but these were primarily small heterophorias, although a small number of patients developed new exodeviations(AU)

Ocular features of patients with Parkinson’s disease examined at a Neuro-Optometry Clinic in a tertiary eye care center

Purpose: To report the ocular features of patients with PD who presented with visual complaints to a tertiary eye care center. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2015 and March 2020 at the Neuro?Optometry clinic of a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. All PD patients with ocular complaints examined by the neuro? ophthalmologists were referred to Neuro? Optometry Clinic for detailed evaluation. Patients with other neurodegenerative disorders, brain injury, and other causes of vision loss or extraocular motility disorders were excluded. Results: A total of 43 patients (7 females, 36 males) between 50 and 86 years of age (mean: 70 ± 8.9 years) with a mean duration of PD of 4.5 ± 4.5 years were studied. Decreased vision associated with reading difficulty (40%) was common in PD patients. In terms of gaze restriction, vertical gaze involvement (35%) was more than horizontal involvement (7%). Convergence insufficiency (CI) was the most common binocular vision dysfunction (30%), followed by CI with oculomotor dysfunction (14%) and vertical gaze palsy (18%). Ground prisms were recommended for 26 patients (61%) and home vision therapy for 5 patients (12%) as corrective measures. Conclusion: Binocular vision dysfunction is highly prevalent among PD patients. This could potentially contribute to the reading difficulties and double vision encountered by these patients. Assessment of binocular vision and oculomotor parameters thus becomes important to understand and manage the reading difficulties in patients with PD

Clinical characteristics of acute acquired comitant esotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To describe the clinical characteristics of 20 patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia(AACE). <p>METHODS: This retrospective, observational case series study enrolled patients with AACE examined from June 2018 to May 2021 in Guangdong Jiangmen Central Hospital. The age when attacked, the duration of excessive near work before illness, symptom, refraction, AC/A, deviation and near stereopsis were analyzed. All 20 patients had unremarkable neurological finding by imageological test. <p>RESULTS: Most patients whose mean age was 24.25±5.78 years immersed in near work for more than 6h a day before illness. All patients seeked for medical help because diplopia with normal ocular motility in all directions of gaze and meaningless finding in routine ophthalmologic examinations. They were all nearsightedness whose mean spherical equivalent was -5.73±5.09D, while mean AC/A was 2.65±1.16 within the upper limit. There was no different between the distant and near deviations(<i>P</i>>0.05). Deviations might be correlated with near stereopsis(<i>P</i><0.05), however the duration from onset to treatment was irrelevant(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The clinical features of AACE in older children and adults who immersed excessive near work are medium myopia, diplopia, normal ocular motility, no neurological finding and limited AC/A. Moreover, it is approximate between distant and near deviations. The deviations affect near stereopsisd more, while the influence of duration from onset to treatment may be less.

Research on the convergence mechanism of the medical-nursing combined care based on synergy theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To identify the key convergence points in the medical-nursing combined care among literature, and establish a mechanism for medical-nursing combined care integration from the perspective of the synergy theory, for the purpose of promoting the integrated development of such care in China.Methods:Relevant literature on the medical-nursing combined care were retrieved from the CNKI database from September 2013 to September 2021. The search formula used was TI= "the medical-nursing care integration" AND SU=(convergence+ transformation+ coordination+ mechanism), while supplementary searches were made using " pkulaw.com database" and Baidu Scholar database. The method of literature content analysis was used to screen key points of the medical-nursing combined care, and the convergence mechanism was built based on the perspective of the synergy theory.Results:A total of 42 literatures were included in this study, 8 key convergence points of medica-nursing combined care integration were identified. Namely the 4 key horizontal convergence points of medical care, aging care, rehabilitation and nursing, the 3 key vertical convergence points of home care, institution care and community care, and the one key convergence point of institutional medical care. Based on the synergy theory and the 8 key convergence points, the " 431" convergence mechanism of medical-nursing combined care was constructed. This mechanism refered to the horizontal linkage of healthcare, nursing, rehabilitation and aging care, the vertical redirection among home care, institution care and community care modes, and the development mode focusing on institutional aging care.Conclusions:At present, the poor convergence between aging care and nursing care in China is a key roadblock hindering the integrated development of aging and nursing care. Medical-nursing combined care should be conducive to the " 431" convergence development, achieving horizontal linkage, vertical redirection, and resource sharing, for the purpose of high-quality development of China′s aging care system.

Comparison of calculated and gradient AC/A ratios among normal, exophoria and esophoria / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the clinical application of calculated and gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio(AC/A)in different eye positions.<p>METHODS: A total of 127 myopes in ophthalmology were included. The calculated AC/A was obtained by near/distance phoria and the gradient AC/A was obtained by near addition +1.00D. The differences of eye positions of the calculated and gradient AC/A were compared. <p>RESULTS:The calculated AC/A value was higher than the near +1.00D gradient AC/C(<i>P</i><0.01); Comparing the same method in different eye positions revealed that the calculated AC/A and gradient AC/A were significantly different, which has the highest AC/A in the esophoria group and the lowest AC/A in the exophoria group; Comparing the two methods in the same group revealed that the calculated AC/A in the esophoria group and the normal group was higher than the gradient AC/A(<i>P</i><0.01), and there was no significant difference in the AC/A measured by the two methods in the exophoria group(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The calculated AC/A is higher than the gradient AC/A, especially in patients with esophoria and emmetropia, it is easy to obtain high AC/A values by using the calculation method, resulting in erroneous diagnosis. The gradient method is more recommended.

Análisis del periodismo ambiental de la prensa en tiempos de pandemia en Colombia / Analysis of environmental journalism in the written press in times of pandemic in Colombia

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada con el objetivo de comprender la relación entre esta pandemia y el medioambiente, tema crucial en la coyuntura porque la propagación global de la COVID-19 se convirtió en un momento para repensar nuestra relación con el planeta, asunto que los medios contribuyen a debatir. Se hizo un análisis de la cobertura periodística en El Tiempo y El Espectador durante los tres meses de confinamiento estricto. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis del tratamiento informativo a partir de las categorías de cubrimiento y despliegue en el marco de una convergencia mediática. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos una alta procedencia de información de agencias; predominio de la noticia como género y un promedio de fuentes consultadas cuya calidad favorece la diversidad de voces e intereses. Además, el tema predominante en El Espectador es la reducción de la contaminación por el confinamiento, mientras que en El Tiempo son las acciones desfavorables para el medioambiente. El enfoque ambiental general en las publicaciones es antropocentrista y la narrativa periodística sigue las lógicas análogas, desaprovechando las potencialidades del ecosistema digital.

Abstract This article presents the results of a research conducted with the aim of understanding the relationship between this pandemic and the environment, a crucial issue at this juncture because the global spread of COVID19 became a moment to rethink our relationship with the planet, an issue that the media contribute to debate. An analysis was made of the journalistic coverage in El Tiempo and El Espectador during the three months of strict confinement. The methodology used was the analysis of the informative treatment based on the categories of coverage and deployment within the framework of a media convergence. Among the main findings, we found a high source of information from agencies; predominance of news as a genre and an average number of sources consulted whose quality favors the diversity of voices and interests. In addition, the predominant topic in El Espectador is the reduction of contamination by confinement, while in El Tiempo it is actions unfavorable to the environment. The general environmental approach in the publications is anthropocentric and the journalistic narrative follows the analogous logics, missing the potentialities of the digital ecosystem.

The ecology of herd immunity

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in early 2020 is currently the subject of thousands of articles on the various aspects of its epidemiology. One recurrent theme is the phenomenon of herd immunity or herd effect. In this article, I present a short history of the concept, the arguments around its nomenclature, and the ecologist's view of the herd effect, using the case history of the sleeping sickness control in Africa.

Convergencia ocular, simetría facial y corporal en niños de 5 a 12 años con mordidas cruzadas / Ocular convergence, facial and body symmetry in children from 5 to 12 years old affected by crossbite

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuerpo humano se mantiene en bipedestación gracias al equilibrio existente entre distintos planos quinesiológicos, la alteración de uno de ellos supondrá un desajuste de todo el conjunto. La mordida cruzada es una maloclusión frecuente en la práctica diaria, la cual precisa de un diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento precoz, pues las modificaciones que provoca a diferentes niveles se incrementan con la edad, lo que produce importantes asimetrías que pueden expresarse facial y corporalmente. Objetivo: determinar la convergencia ocular, la simetría facial y corporal en los niños de 5 a 12 años de edad afectados por mordidas cruzadas de las escuelas primarias de la zona urbana del municipio de Quemado de Güines. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en las escuelas primarias de la zona urbana del municipio de Quemado de Güines en el período comprendido desde noviembre de 2014 hasta junio de 2016. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística que incluyó pacientes de 5 a 12 años con diagnóstico de mordida cruzada, los cuales no habían recibido tratamiento ortodóncico previo y fueron autorizados por sus padres o tutores para participar en el estudio. Resultados: predominaron los niños de 8 años de edad (40%). Solo 3 niños no mostraron trastorno de la convergencia ocular. Por otra parte, 5 niños fueron simétricos (simetría facial), y en relación a la simetría corporal: solamente 2 niños eran simétricos Conclusiones: se determinó que existe una significativa relación entre las mordidas cruzadas, la convergencia ocular y la simetría facial y corporal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the human body remains standing thanks to the existing balance between different kinesiological planes; the alteration of one of them will suppose a mismatch in all body's structures. Crossbite is a frequent malocclusion in daily practice, which requires an early diagnosis and treatment plan, since the modifications it causes at different levels increase with age, which produces important asymmetries that can be expressed facially and bodily. Objective: to determine ocular convergence, facial and body symmetry in children affected by crossbites, aged 5 to 12 years and belonging to primary schools from the urban area of Quemado de Güines municipality. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in primary schools from the urban area of Quemado de Güines municipality from November 2014 to June 2016. A non-probabilistic sample that included patients aged 5 to 12 years, diagnosed with crossbite, who were authorized to participate in the study by their parents or guardians and had not received previous orthodontic treatment was selected. Results: 8-year-old children predominated (40%). Only 3 children showed no ocular convergence disorder. On the other hand, 5 children were symmetric (facial symmetry), and in relation to body symmetry: only 2 children were symmetric. Conclusions: a significant relationship among crossbites, ocular convergence, facial and body symmetry was determined.

Analysis of triterpenoic acids in different medicinal parts of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf using supercritical fluid chromatography / 药学学报

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to establish the quality of different medicinal parts of Poria cocos (Poriae Cutis, rubra Poria, white Poria, Poria cum Radix Pini) by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with photo-diode array and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-PDA-Q-TOF/MSE). A total of 18 chromatographic peaks were detected from Poria cocos by UPC2-PDA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to compare the four medicinal parts. The results showed that there were significant differences in the components of different medicinal parts, and the main triterpenoic acids were poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, dehydroeburicoic acid, and dehydrotrametenolic acid. When combined with the common active component polyporenic acid C, a method for determination of five triterpenoic acids in different parts of Poria cocos was established. These components could be separated within 15 min, and the amount of methanol was 3.63% of that of HPLC method. Taking the five triterpenoid acids as an index, the content of triterpenoid acids in different parts of Poria cocos from high to low were Poriae Cutis, rubra Poria, white Poria and Poria cum Radix Pini. The method is simple, rapid, and uses minimal solvent. The mobile phase of environment-friendly gas carbon dioxide has unique advantages in reducing environmental pollution, which can provide a basis for the development and standard formulation of Poria cocos and its related products.

Study on the function of regulating aggregation in children with different types of intermittent exotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the binocular accommodative amplitude(AMP)and accommodative facility(AF), near point of convergence(NPC), accommodative convergence/accomodation ratio(AC/A), positive relative convergence(PRC)of intermittent exotropia(IXT)children, according to the convergence insufficiency type, basic type, divergence excess type, and to compare with the normal children, investigating the differences of regulation and collection function.<p>METHODS: Totally 40 IXT children were divided into three groups according to the different types of the IXT patients, the convergence insufficiency group(12 children), the basic group(18 children)and the divergence excess group(10 children). And the 20 non-exotropia children were set up as the control group. AMP was measured with improved push-up test, and AF was measured with turning over convex and concave lens test. NPC was measured with push-up test. AC/A ratio were measured with the lens gradient method. PRC was measured with BO prism. The binocular accommodative and convergence function of four groups were compared.<p>RESULTS: The difference of AMP, AF, NPC, AC/A ratio and PRC among four groups was significant difference(<i>P</i><0.05), and we did the further pair wise comparisons. AMP of the IXT group was less than the control group, and AMP of the convergence insufficiency group was the least; AF of the convergence insufficiency group was less than the basic group and the control group; NPC of the convergence insufficiency group was the largest; AC/A ratio of the convergence insufficiency group and the basic group was lower than the other two groups; PRC of the IXT group was less than the control group when fixating at near target of 33cm, and the mean of the convergence insufficiency group was the least; PRC of the IXT group was less than the control group when fixating at far target of 6mo(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: There are differences in the ocular function of accommodation and convergence in different types of IXT children, and the function of the convergence insufficiency IXT is the worst. The binocular accommodative and convergence function of IXT children is worse than non-exotropia children.

Curative effect of slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession for convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To observe curative effect and safety of slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession for convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia.<p>METHODS:This study included 29 patients who underwent slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession for convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia in our hospital between October 2017 and November 2019 with a follow-up of 6mo, the deviation, the surgical success rate, the binocular vision function and the complications were observed.<p>RESULTS:In our study, the mean near deviations, the mean distance deviations and the near-distance deviation differences reduced from -41.72±3.35PD, -23.28±9.75PD and 16.90±2.47PD before surgery to -5.97±4.85PD, -2.66±4.78PD, 3.28±1.10PD 6mo after surgery, the surgical success rate was 76%. The Grades I and Ⅱ binocular vision function improved 6mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), the distance stereopsis and the near stereopsis were not statistically significant(<i>P</i>>0.05). None of the patients developed A-V pattern, limitation of eye movement, restrictive strabismus, vertical strabismus, and rotated diplopia, some patients had transient horizontal diplopia, which disappeared within 2-3wk after surgery.<p>CONCLUSION:Slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession may successfully reduce the near exodeviations, the distance exodeviations and the near-distance deviations difference without obvious complications, proved to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia.

Media convergence of comprehensive preventive medical journals / 上海预防医学

Media convergence is the combination and convergence of every element of media in forms of breakdown of traditional classification, formats and distribution etc. It means the blending of its contents, consumers and operations in full and a new media was developed named as new media. The paper tries to explore the media convergence by starting from the paper-printed media, especially from the scientific journals. It is obvious that the basement is the electronization of media, comprehensive use of multi-technology is the fundamental tools, and it made the results of the inevitability of deep changes in term of thoughts, mindset and managerial principles as well. At the same time, the adverse effect of media convergence consequently coming from the freedom and openness of media convergence will be considered and avoided, so the surveillance of administrative functions and technicals should be adopted or developed accordingly.