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Objective To image the veins around the foramen of monro (FM), to build the 3D model of them, to construct venous network in this area and to explore the spatial positional correlation between FM and veins around it. Methods Totally 60 healthy subjects were selected to get the original images on 3. 0 T MR and procesed the original images by minimum intensity projections (mIP) and Materialise’ s interactive medical image control system (Mimics), built the 3D model of the veins around FM, observed and analyzed the morphology of FM and the veins around it on original and processed images. Results The displaying rate of FM was 65% (78 sides), the displaying rate of internal cerebellar veins (ICV) was 100% (120 sides), the diameter was (2. 13±0. 30) mm. The displaying rate of anterior septal vein (ASV) was 100% (120 sides), the diameter was(0. 69±0. 19)mm. The displaying rate of superior thalamostriate vein (STV) was 98. 3% (118 sides), the diameter was (1. 47± 0. 38) mm. The displaying rate of superior choroidal vein (SCV) was 82. 5% (99 sides), the diameter was(0. 40±0. 18)mm. According to the relationship between the converging point of the tributaries of ICV and the location of FM, FMs were classified into 5 types:ⅠA, 24. 2% (29 sides), ASV converged into ICV at the venous angle and closed to the posterior edge of FM; ⅠB, 13. 3% (16 sides), ASV converged into ICV away from the venous angle and the posterior edge of FM; ⅡA, 45% (54 sides), ASV converged into ICV at the false venous angle and closed to the posterior edge of FM; ⅡB, 15. 8% (19 sides), ASV converged into ICV away form the false venous angle and the posterior edge of FM. Ⅲ, 1. 7% (2 sides), STV was absent. Conclusion FM and the veins around it are visible on the susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI). It can be constructed by Mimics that the 3D model of ICV, its tributaries, FM and the converging points of the major veins. The classification of FMs is meaningful to the option of surgical approaches through FM.
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RESUMEN La designación tecnologías convergentes hace referencia a la confluencia de la iencia computacional con campos tecnocientíficos como la Nanotecnología, la Biotecnología y las Ciencias Cognitivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar y analizar los vínculos que guardan estas tecnologías convergentes con la Bibliotecología -que también recurre al uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación-, ya sea en términos metodológicos, conceptuales o de aplicación. Como principal conclusión se deduce que la Nanotecnología, la Biotecnología y las Ciencias Cognitivas han reconfigurado, en los últimos años, sus propios conceptos de información. Esto ha hecho que profesionales de otras disciplinas, que tienen por objeto de estudio a la información, se detengan a re-pensar su naturaleza, dinámica y utilización.
ABSTRACT The denomination convergent technologies refers to the confluence of computational science with techno-scientific fields such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and cognitive sciences. The objective of this work is to point out and analyze the links that these convergent technologies keep with Library Science (which also uses the information and communication technologies), either in methodological, conceptual or application terms. The main conclusion is that both nanotechnology, biotechnology and cognitive sciences have reconfigured their own conceptuation of information in recent years. This has caused professionals from other disciplines, who study information, to stop to rethink its nature, dynamics and use.
Subject(s)
Biotechnology , Cognitive Science , Nanotechnology , Scientific and Technical Activities , Information Technology Management , Library Science , Communication , Biological EvolutionABSTRACT
2,3:7,8-Bis(methylenedioxy)benzo[c]phenanthridine was synthesized in a strategy of converging synthesis with 6-bromo-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-nitronaphthalene-2,3-diol, and dibromomethane, respectively, as starting materials. The reaction process included dioxy-de-dibromo nucleophilic substitution under alkaline condition, reduction reaction, Schiff base-forming reaction, and an arene radical cyclization step under the presence of Bu3SnH and AIBN as radical initiator, among others. The 2,3:7,8-bis(methylenedioxy)benzo[c] phenanthridine as intermediate was reacted with NaBH4 and different aliphatic acids as alkylation agent to afford 2,3:7,8-bis(methylenedioxy)-5,6-dihydro-N5-alkylbenzo[c]phenanthridines. These dihydro-type products were aromatized using DDQ as oxidant under alkaline condition, and then, salinized using HCl as source of equilibrium anion to yield the series of target alkyl-de-sanguinarine-N5-methyl derivatives. All the synthesized alkyl-de-sanguinarine-N5-methyl derivatives exhibited significantly improved in vitro growth inhibitory activities against cancer cell lines as compared with sanguinarine and the positive control. In pharmacological experiments targeting five cancer cell lines, the target compounds showed activities five-fold active than that of sanguinarine. The findings of this study indicated that the structure modification strategy of substituting n-alkyls for the N5-methyl of natural sanguinarine can be used to improve the growth inhibitory activities against cancer cell lines through increasing liposolubility and steric hindrance to protect the active 5,6-imine structure.
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The paper introduced the concept and background ofdisciplines convergingmanagement,holding that this management philosophy can encourage dialogues among disciplines in a holist concept.It is believed that with an innovative mechanism in the management and operation,such converging has initially proven its value,promoting disciplines from high refinement to coordination and synergy,supporting research hospitals in development.
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Objective To study the validity of psychological test items for selecting the crew members for the 2014 World Tank Championship. Methods Totally 36 candidates (21-33 years old) were assessed with items in Uchida-Kraepelin test, EPQ, EP707A Fingers Flexibility Instrument, EP706 Attention Distribution Instrument and Situational Judgement test. Results The comprehensive rankings of psychological test results well fit with their rankings in the military competence, with kappa value higher than 0.75. Conclusion The five tests in this study can well predict the performance of the subjects, indicating that the involved items have satisfactory validity.