Afrontamiento al estrés ante exámenes en estudiantes de una universidad pública y una privada / Coping with exam stress in public and private university students

Introducción: los alumnos a nivel profesional pueden llegar a presentar diferentes cambios en su estilo de vida, ya que se modifican factores como su estado de ánimo y sus hábitos alimenticios, esto como consecuencia de la saturación de tareas y actividades a realizar en su día a día. Objetivo: con esta investigación se quiere llegar a conocer el nivel de ansiedad en los estudiantes, ante la realización de exámenes y cómo esto afecta su estancia en la universidad, tanto académica como socialmente. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal, se comparó el nivel y afrontamiento al estrés entre alumnos de una universidad pública y una privada, se incluyeron 25 alumnos de cada universidad, de la Universidad Instituto Universitario del Estado de México (IUEM) 13 mujeres y 12 hombres, mientras de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) 10 mujeres y 15 hombres. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 23 años. Resultados: quince (60%) alumnos de la IUEM presentaron ansiedad de acuerdo al análisis de los resultados, en tanto que 10 (40%) no indicaron ningún problema de estrés ante la realización de exámenes. En cuanto a la UAEM, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, 20 (80%) presentaron estrés ante la realización de exámenes, en cambio cinco (20%) no tuvieron síntomas de estrés. Conclusión: existe una situación de alerta que indica que los estudiantes no están utilizando de forma adecuada las estrategias para afrontar el estrés, lo que puede traer consecuencias negativas tanto en el desempeño académico como en la salud (AU)

Introduction: students at the professional level may present different changes in their lifestyle, since their mood and eating habits are modified as a result of the saturation of tasks and activities to be performed in their day to day. Objective: with this research we want to get to know the level of anxiety in students, before taking exams and how this affects their stay at the university, both academically and socially. Material and methods: an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the level and coping with stress between students of a public and a private university, 25 students from each university were included, 13 women and 12 men from the Universidad Instituto Universitario del Estado de México (IUEM) and 10 women and 15 men from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). The age range was 18 to 23 years old. Results: fifteen (60%) IUEM students presented anxiety according to the analysis of the results, while 10 (40%) did not indicate any stress problem when taking exams. As for the UAEM, the following results were obtained: 20 (80%) presented stress when taking exams, while five (20%) had no symptoms of stress. Conclusion: there is a warning situation that indicates that students are not adequately using strategies to cope with stress, which can have negative consequences on both academic performance and health (AU)

Estratégias de coping e de liderança do enfermeiro na crise da Covid-19 / Coping strategies and nurse leadership in the Covid-19 crisis

Resumo: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante a pandemia da Covid-19, período em que o Enfermeiro enfrentou desafios inéditos na condução de serviços e da equipe, face ao novo Coronavírus, gerando uma crise sanitária e impactando as tomadas de decisões das lideranças mundiais. A exposição do enfermeiro aos desgastes emocionais influenciou suas condutas frente à equipe, pares e sociedade. Este estudo discorreu sobre as Dimensões de Liderança Autêntica e as Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus utilizadas pelo enfermeiro durante a pandemia. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil de Liderança Autêntica entre os enfermeiros que atuaram no enfrentamento da crise da Covid-19 em serviços de referência; identificar as variáveis das Estratégias de Coping utilizadas no período pandêmico, e, correlacionar as dimensões da Liderança Autêntica com as variáveis das Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus utilizadas pelos Enfermeiros participantes. A hipótese de pesquisa foi "O Enfermeiro Líder Autêntico atua com base em seus valores éticos e morais, fortalecendo o autoconhecimento e suas Estratégias de Coping no contexto pandêmico demonstram autocontrole, assumindo responsabilidade e fortalecendo a confiança mútua entre líder e liderados, superando as circunstâncias estressoras". Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, que integra o macroprojeto Gerenciamento de Crise nos Serviços de Saúde: desenvolvendo a Liderança e a Governança Corporativa para o combate à Covid-19. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2021, por meio de formulário online. Participaram da pesquisa 46 enfermeiros de quatro instituições hospitalares de Curitiba-Pr. Os critérios de inclusão foram ser enfermeiros destas unidades que atuaram na assistência direta ou na gerência de enfermagem, e os critérios de exclusão foram os enfermeiros que não preencheram os instrumentos em sua totalidade. A pesquisa passou pelos Comitês de Ética das Instituições coparticipantes, sendo aprovado sob pareceres CEP/SD UFPR nº 4.693.343, CEP HT/SES PR nº 4.709.285 E CEP/CHC UFPR nº 4.709.285. Na coleta de dados foram utilizados o instrumento ALQ ­ Authentic Leader Questionnaire (Versão Self) e o Inventário de Estratégia de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus. A análise de dados ocorreu através do software R 4.1.1 CORE TEAM, considerando os escores dos domínios de cada instrumento, conforme a validação brasileira, e mediante estatística descritiva com frequência simples (n) e relativa (%), utilizando o teste de Shapiro-wilk para os scores dos instrumentos e suas correlações calculadas através do coeficiente de Spearman, todos os testes foram considerados significativos quando p<0,05. A Dimensão Transparência Relacional (0,69) foi a principal Dimensão da Liderança Autêntica presente na atuação do Enfermeiro, que se basearam em convicções morais, valorizando a equipe e o seu engajamento. De acordo com a pesquisa, os enfermeiros se utilizaram de Resolução de Problemas (0,67) e Suporte Social (0,51), como Estratégias de Coping no ambiente estressor. As correlações entre as Dimensões de Liderança Autêntica e as Variáveis da Estratégia de Coping demonstram correlação Positiva Moderada entre Processamento Equilibrado com Suporte Social (0,37) Resolução de Problemas (0,35) e Aceitação da Realidade (0,41), gerando atitude equilibrada no enfermeiro, que atuou com ética e autocontrole, confirmando a hipótese de pesquisa.

Abstract: The research was developed during the Covid-19 pandemic, a period in which the Nurse faced unprecedented challenges in the management of services and the team, in the face of the new Coronavirus, generating a health crisis and impacting the decision-making of world leaders. Nurses exposure to emotional exhaustion influenced their behavior towards the team, peers and society. This study discussed the Dimensions of Authentic Leadership and the Coping Strategies of Folkman and Lazarus used by nurses during the pandemic. The objective was to evaluate the profile of Authentic Leadership among nurses who acted in the face of the Covid-19 crisis in reference services; to identify the variables of the Coping Strategies used in the pandemic period, and, to correlate the dimensions of Authentic Leadership with the variables of the Coping Strategies of Folkman and Lazarus used by the participating Nurses. The research hypothesis was "The Authentic Nurse Leader acts based on their ethical and moral values, strengthening self-knowledge and their Coping Strategies in the pandemic context demonstrate self-control, assuming responsibility and strengthening mutual trust between leader and subordinates, overcoming stressful circumstances. ". This is a descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, that integrates the macro-project Crisis Management in Health Services: developing Leadership and Corporate Governance to combat Covid-19. Data collection took place from September to November 2021, through an online form. Forty-six nurses from four hospitals in Curitiba-Pr participated in the research. The inclusion criteria were nurses from these units who worked in direct care or nursing management, and the exclusion criteria were nurses who did not complete the instruments in their entirety. The research passed through the Ethics Committees of the participating institutions, being approved under opinions CEP/SD UFPR No. 4.693.343, CEP HT/SES PR No. 4.709.285 AND CEP/CHC UFPR No. 4.709.285. For data collection, the instrument ALQ ­ Authentic Leader Questionnaire (Self Version) and the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategy Inventory were used. Data analysis was performed using the R 4.1.1 CORE TEAM software, considering the scores of the domains of each instrument, according to Brazilian validation, and using descriptive statistics with simple (n) and relative frequency (%), using the Shapiro-wilk test for instrument scores and their correlations calculated using the Spearman coefficient, all tests were considered significant when p<0.05. The Relational Transparency Dimension (0.69) was the main Dimension of the Authentic Leadership present in the Nurse's performance, which were based on moral convictions, valuing the team and its engagement. According to the research, nurses used Problem Solving (0.67) and Social Support (0.51) as Coping Strategies in the stressful environment. The correlations between the Authentic Leadership Dimensions and the Coping Strategy Variables demonstrate a Moderate Positive correlation between Balanced Processing with Social Support (0.37) Problem Solving (0.35) and Acceptance of Reality (0.41), generating attitude balanced in the nurse, who acted with ethics and self-control, confirming the research hypothesis.

COVID-19 pandemic and blood transfusion services: The impact, response and preparedness experience of a tertiary care blood center in southern Karnataka, India

Abstract Introduction With the outbreak of COVID-19 and its containment measures, blood centers faced a huge challenge in balancing blood demand and supply and devising a preparedness plan to withstand the uncertain situation. This study assesses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion services and discusses the appropriate mitigation strategies adopted. Methods We analyzed our center's blood transfusion services during the first half-period of the pandemic (Y3) and non-pandemic years 2018(Y1) and 2019(Y2) in two-quarters Q1 (pre-lockdown), from January to March and Q2 (post-lockdown), from April to June. The blood donation variables, the packed red blood cells (PRBCs) demand and the utilization pattern were compared between pandemic (Y3) and non-pandemic years (Y1 and Y2) in each quarter. The mitigation strategy adopted at every step of the transfusion service is highlighted. Results During post-lockdown (Q2) of the pandemic year (Y3), the blood donation was majorly by repeat donors (83%) from the in-house site (82.5%). Furthermore, the proportion of outdoor donation, deferral, blood collection, demand and issue demonstrated a significant drop of 50%, 32.6%, 33%, 31.8% and 32.3%, respectively, in comparison to Q2 of the non-pandemic years (Y1 and Y2), with a statistically significant difference for surgical and hemorrhagic indications (p < 0.05). Coping strategies, such as blood donor education and motivation using e-platforms emphasizing eligibility during the pandemic, staggering of donor in-flow, postponement of elective surgeries and donor and staff' COVID-19 safety assurance, were followed. Conclusion The timely adoption of coping strategies played a crucial role in the better handling of shortcomings at our center's blood transfusion services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The mediating effect of rumination between posttraumatic growth and coping strategy among parents of children with acute leukemia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of rumination between posttraumatic growth and coping strategy among parents of children with acute leukemia.Methods:Totally 238 parents of children with acute leukemia at Children ′s hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to October 2021 were recruited as research object by convenient sampling method. Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Runminative Responses Scale (RRS) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) were investigated. Results:The scores of parents of children with acute leukemia in PTGI were (60.96 ± 11.81), RRS were (58.13 ± 13.40), CHIP were (106.60 ± 34.31). The demensions of PTGI in parents were positively correlated with the each demensions of CHIP ( r values were 0.256 to 0.478, all P<0.01); the RRS demensions were negatively correlated with the demensions of PTGI and CHIP ( r values were -0.566 to -0.236, P<0.01). Posttraumatic growth had a direct positive effect on coping strategy, the path coefficient was 0.082. Posttraumatic growth affects coping strategy through rumination, the indirect path coefficient was 0.797, the mediating effect accounts for 90.4% of the total effect. Rumination had a negative effect on coping strategy, the path coefficient was -0.954. Posttraumatic growth has a negative effect on rumination, the path coefficient was -0.835. Conclusions:Rumination plays a mediating role in the relationship between posttraumatic growth and coping strategy. Medical staff can alleviate the levels of rumination of parents of children with acute leukemia, so as to promote posttraumatic growth and coping strategy.

Estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento em crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento institucional em casas lares / Stress and coping strategies in sheltered children and adolescents / Estrés y estrategias de enfrentamiento en niños y adolescentes en acogimiento institucional en casas lares

O estresse infantil está relacionado com a falta de repertório da criança e do adolescente para lidar com situações que causam irritação ou medo. Embora o acolhimento institucional temporário seja uma medida de proteção prevista pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), também é fonte causadora de mudanças significativas na vida dessas pessoas, que, para lidar com esses eventos, utilizam estratégias de enfrentamento a fim de regular suas ações sob estresse. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de descrever o estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por crianças e adolescentes acolhidos em casas lares. Participaram 4 crianças e 11 adolescentes, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos e 11 meses, em situação de acolhimento institucional em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. Além da caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI), Escala de Stress Adolescente (ESA) e entrevista semiestruturada para identificação das estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados indicaram que o tempo de acolhimento dos participantes é superior aos dois anos determinados pela legislação, que os níveis de estresse foram baixos para os participantes, sendo menores para aqueles acolhidos há mais tempo, e que as principais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas foram a busca por apoio e a oposição. Recomendam-se outros estudos, considerando que o vínculo afetivo estabelecido entre as crianças e adolescentes com os funcionários mais próximos aparenta colaborar positivamente no uso de estratégia de coping adaptativo e o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes é um possível fator protetor contra o estresse.(AU)

Childhood stress is related to the lack of repertory on the part of children and adolescents in dealing with situations that cause anger or fear. Although a protective action provided for by the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), temporary shelters can cause significant changes in the lives of these people, who adopt a series of coping strategies to regulate their actions under stress. This research aimed to describe stress and coping strategies adopted by sheltered children and adolescents. The study was conducted with four children and 11 adolescents aged between eight and 17 years and 11 months who were living in a shelter in the countryside of São Paulo. Data comprised the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and the coping strategies employed by them, collected using the following instruments: the Child Stress Scale (ESI), the Adolescent Stress Scale (ESA), and a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that participants' stay within the shelter exceed the two years determined by the legislation. Participants also presented low stress levels, especially those sheltered longer. Moreover, support seeking and opposition were the main coping strategies adopted. Considering that the affective bond established between sheltered children and adolescents with the closest employees seems to corroborate in the use of adaptive coping strategies and that shelter may be a stress protective factor, further studies addressing the theme are suggested.(AU)

El estrés infantil está relacionado con la falta de repertorio de niños y adolescentes al enfrentar situaciones que le causan ira o miedo. Aunque el albergue es una medida de protección disponible por el Estatuto de Niños y Adolescentes (ECA), puede causar cambios significativos en la vida de estas personas, y para hacer frente a estos eventos, se utilizan estrategias de enfrentamiento para regular sus acciones bajo estrés. Esta investigación pretende describir el estrés y las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por los niños y adolescentes acogidos. Participaron cuatro niños y 11 adolescentes, con edades de entre 8 y 17 años y 11 meses, que viven en situación de albergue en una ciudad del estado de São Paulo. Además de la caracterización sociodemográfica de los participantes, se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: la Escala de Estrés Infantil (ESI), la Escala de Stress para Adolescente (ESA) y una entrevista semiestructurada para identificar estrategias de enfrentamiento. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes permanecieron más tiempo en el albergue que los dos años según lo determinado por la legislación, que los niveles de estrés fueron bajos para los participantes y menores para los que estuvieron más tiempo acogidos y que las principales estrategias de supervivencia fueron la búsqueda de apoyo y la oposición. Se recomiendan otros estudios, considerando que el vínculo afectivo establecido de los niños y adolescentes con los empleados más cercanos parece colaborar positivamente en el uso de una estrategia de coping adaptativa, y que el acogimiento institucional puede ser un factor protectivo de estrés.(AU)

Disaster Coping Strategy Practiced by the Affected People for their Livelihood Due to Climate Change

The purpose of the study were to (i) determine the disaster coping strategy practiced by the affected people (ii) assess the socio-economic profile of the respondents, (iii) ascertain the contribution of selected characteristics of the people and (iv) identify the constraints of disaster coping strategy practiced by the affected people. The study was conducted at Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur District. Data were collected from a sample of 302 respondents, randomly selected from disaster affected population. Age, education, family size, farm size, disaster affected land, annual income, training received, extension media contact, knowledge on disaster coping strategy, environmental awareness, household assets, credit facilities, IGAs, water and sanitation condition, risk orientation, awareness about SSNP, perception of Climate Change (CC), perception of disasters and scope of work in vulnerable situation constituted the independent variables, while disaster coping strategy practiced was the dependent variable. For measuring the disaster coping strategy practices, a 4-point rating scale was used against 50 items taking 10 items from each of five components of human needs e.g. 1) food preservation, collection and management, 2) agricultural products protection, 3) maintaining social network, 4) safeguard of health and sanitation, and 5) protection of housing and shelter. Numerical values and scales were used to measure the personal attributes. Regression and path analysis were employed to determine the contribution among the variables. For exploring relationship between the two variables Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) was used. The majority (77.8 per cent) of the respondents had regular coping strategies compared to 22.2 per cent were found to have occasional coping strategies in the study area. Among 19 independent variables 16 were found significant relationship with the dependent variable. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that six variables namely education (23 per cent), participation in IGAs (3.6 percent), awareness of SSNPs (2.9 percent), disaster affected land (1.2 percent), farm size (1.9 percent) and perception of CC (1 percent) were the important contributing variables which combined explained 33.6 of the total variation of practice of coping strategy. Path analysis indicated that disaster affected land (0.589) had the highest positive direct effect while farm size (0.643) had the highest positive indirect effect to the disaster coping strategy practice. The major constraints for practicing disaster coping strategy in the study area were ‘Lack of knowledge and skills of affected people‘, ‘Lack of relief materials during disaster‘, ‘Lack of technologies‘, ‘Weak weather forecasting‘, ‘Less motivation’, ‘Low sanitation & health coverage’ and ‘Lack of communication during disasters’,. To cope up with the challenges of the disasters, the people used reduction of food intake per meal, putting goods above flood level, keeping women and children in safer places, using boiled and tube well water, providing health care support to the sick family members, transfer important documents to the safer places, increasing level of homestead with soil, taking relief, credit, religious fasting, using mosque/temple as campaigning center, borrowing principal food from neighbor, use savings, migration, livestock sell, and social interconnectedness as the major coping strategies to survive the situation and improve their livelihood.

Study of parenting styles, family functioning and its relation to coping strategies in children of specific learning disorder

Background: Families of children with disabilities otherwise experience higher stress; and relation between parenting styles and coping of children is well known. Parental factors and family functioning may play a role in shaping the child, especially having issues like SLD. The objective is to study was coping strategies of children with SLD, parenting styles of their parents, their family functioning and relation of these with each other.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study undertaken after Institutional Ethics Committee approval, parent's consent and child's assent. Participants were 100 consecutive children, diagnosed with SLD, 9-13 years of age. Tools used were: Semi-structured proforma, Parenting Practices Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device and Children's Coping Strategies Checklist Revision 1.Results: Authoritarian parenting style was significantly was associated with less use of 'active' and 'support seeking'; and increased use of 'distraction' and 'avoidance' strategies. High scores on Authoritative style was associated with 'active' and 'support seeking' strategies. Avoidance coping strategy was associated with poor (high scores) and active coping strategies with higher (low scores) on problem solving, communication, and general family functioning.Conclusions: Parenting practices and family functioning can be pivotal in determining child's attitude and coping. Assessment of this can be routinely included in child evaluation.

Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

More than 220 million Chinese children and adolescents are confined to their homes because of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Thanks to the strong administrative system in China, the emergency home schooling plan has been rigorously implemented. Although these measures and efforts are highly commendable and necessary, there are reasons to be concerned because prolonged school closure and home confinement during a disease outbreak might have negative effects on children's physical and mental health. It is the responsibility and keen interests of all stakeholders, from governments to parents, to ensure that the physical and mental impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on children and adolescents are kept minimal.

Mental health problems among military personnel during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019: Cause analysis and coping strategy / 第二军医大学学报

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has greatly affected the normal production and life of the society. Mental health conditions of military personnel are very important for the maintenance of the stability of the army. Based on the previous studies, this study explored the mental health problems that may occur among first-line officers and soldiers, isolated personnel and stationed officers and soldiers, analyzed their causes, and proposed the coping strategies from the perspectives of problem solving and emotion regulation.

Level of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Strategies among Filipino Healthcare Workers (HCW) with Confirmed Covid-19 Infection using the Filipino-translated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21 and Filipino Coping Strategies Scale in Perpetual Succour Hospital from March 2020 to September 2020: A One-Center Descriptive Study

@#INTRODUCTION: COVID 19 has become the most important public health issue today. It has the potential to significantly affect the mental health of frontline healthcare workers (HCW) putting them at a higher risk of developing psychological problems especially to those who acquired COVID19 infection. OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of depression, stress, anxiety and coping strategies among Filipino HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 infection and its association with demographic and clinical profiles. STUDY DESIGN: Single center Descriptive study materials and methods consisted of 114 Filipino HCW with COVID 19 infection. Data were collected utilizing the Filipino translation of DASS 21 and Filipino Coping Strategy scale. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of HCWs with moderate depression, anxiety, and stress. A large proportion of the HCWs were also severely depressed, severely anxious and severely stress. Majority of the COVID19 positive HCWs were nurses accounting to 35%. More likely, the occupation was significantly associated with their degree of depression and stress. Hypertension associated significantly with elevated stress while having diabetes was instrumental for the depression, anxiety and stress. Moreover, appreciation was more felt at the workplace, then at home. While discrimination was prevalent in the community, workplace and social media. Religiosity ranked the most sought coping strategy. CONCLUSION: The study has found that a large percentage of HCWs had moderate level and a notable portion of respondents had severe to extremely severe level in each of the psychological domains in which factors such as gender, occupation, comorbidities, area of assignment and disease severity have brought significant impact. Discrimination is prevalent in the community and surprisingly in the workplace. In contrast, appreciation was felt more at home and in the workplace. Religiosity was shown to be the top coping strategy among HCWs who tested positive.

Effect Of Pain Coping Strategies V/S Kinesthesia, Balance And Agility Exercises In Chronic Knee Oa: A Clinical Trial

Aim: This study is designed to determine better intervention strategies between pain coping strategies and kinesthesia, balance and agility exercises for chronic knee OA. Study design: Experimental study, Randomized Clinical Trial. Method: 40 participants both male and female with physician diagnosed chronic knee OA were assigned into two groups. The objective of the study was explained, and the subjects were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received kinesthesia, balance and agility exercises which include- Wedding march, Backward wedding march, Side stepping, tandem walk, toe walking, heel walking and then exercises progress into leaning forward, backward and sideways, rocker bottom balance board, carioca cross over maneuver and modified grapevine. Group B received Pain coping strategies involving 10 supervised sessions. Both the groups received treatment protocol of 6 weeks with sessions 3 times / week. WOMAC scores were taken at baseline as well as after 6 week of treatment. Results: Both the groups showed clinically and statistically significant improvement in WOMAC scores at the end of 6-weeks of treatment session. i.e., 47.043±11.753 to 5.815±11.079 in group A and 44.579±8.045 to 27.849±5.216 in group B. Conclusion: A significant improvement were observed in both the groups; however the study has demonstrated that KBA exercises presented more beneficial effects in reduction of pain and improvement of functional status whereas pain coping strategies had beneficiary effects in cognitive and behavioral reactions to pain as they affect pain, functional capacity and psychological functioning.

Coping strategy in persons with low vision or blindness – an exploratory study

Purpose: Coping strategies employed by people with visual disability can influence their quality of life (QoL). We aimed to assess coping in patients with low vision or blindness. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 60 patients (25–65 years) with <6/18 best-corrected vision (BCVA) in the better eye and vision loss since ?6 months were recruited after the institutional ethics clearance and written informed consent. Age, gender, presence of other chronic illness, BCVA, coping strategies (Proactive Coping Inventory, Hindi version), and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL; Hindi version of IND-VFQ33) were recorded. Range, mean (standard deviation) for continuous and proportion for categorical variables. Pearson correlation looked at how coping varied with age and with VRQoL. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test compared coping scores across categorical variables. Statistical significance was taken at P < 0.05. Results: Sixty patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. There were 33 (55%) women; 25 (41.7%) had low vision, 5 (8.3%) had economic blindness, and 30 (50.0%) had social blindness; 27 (45.0%) had a co-morbid chronic illness. Total coping score was 142 ± 26.43 (maximum 217). VRQoL score (maximum 100) was 41.9 ± 15.98 for general functioning; 32.1 ± 12.15 for psychosocial impact, and 41.1 ± 17.30 for visual symptoms. Proactive coping, reflective coping, strategic planning, and preventive coping scores correlated positively with VRQoL in general functioning and psychosocial impact. Conclusion: Positive coping strategies are associated with a better QoL. Ophthalmologists who evaluate visual disability should consider coping mechanisms that their patients employ and should refer them for counseling and training in more positive ways of coping.

Differences in Personality, Defense Styles, and Coping Strategies in Individuals with Depressive Disorder According to Age Groups Across the Lifespan

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the differences in personality, defense style, and coping styles among patients with depression according to age groups.METHODS: A total of 211 participants ranging from 19 to 81 years old were recruited for the study. To assess participants’ five dimensions of personality, the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) was administered. In addition, the Korean-Defense Style Questionnaire and the Korean version of the coping checklist were administered to examine the defense and coping style.RESULTS: In the analysis of NEO-PI-R, the mean value of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism showed significant differences between the young adult age group (20–34 years) and the late middle age group (50–64 years) (p<0.05). The young age group used more immature defense styles and made less use of problem-focused coping strategy than the old age patients (65 years and older) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: In the young age group associations with lower Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as well as higher Neuroticism than the late middle age group were observed. Moreover, the young age group had a higher usage of immature defense style, and restricted use of problem-focused coping style than other age groups.

Preface for special issue on antimicrobial resistance / 生物工程学报

Antibiotics are critical weapons that were used for combating human pathogens. However, the heavy use of antibiotics leads to the increased and widely spread of antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobial resistance is not only a medical problem, but also social and economic concerns, involving public health, environmental pollution, food safety, etc. This special issue reviewed and discussed the recent progress on antimicrobial resistance regarding the fields of clinical drug resistance and epidemiology, animal and environmental drug resistance, drug resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial drug development and drug resistance prevention and control, hoping to give a comprehensive view on basic antimicrobial resistance questions, future research directions and prevention and control strategies.

Influence of Major Coping Strategies on Treatment Non-adherence and Severity of Comorbid Conditions in Hemodialysis Patients

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence and comorbidities are prevalent among hemodialysis patients and are associated with increased mortality and financial burden. We aimed to investigate the influence of major coping strategies (CSs) on non-adherence and comorbidities in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A total of 49 patients were enrolled. We collected participant data including CS measured by a Korean version of the ways of coping questionnaire (K-WCQ), comorbidities measured by age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and adherence measured by the 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8). RESULTS: Regarding major CS, 61.2% of participants reported use of support-seeking CS (SUP group), 14.3% reported use of problem-focused CS (PRO group), and 24.5% reported use of hopeful-thinking CS (HOP group). The mean MMAS-8 score was higher in the PRO group than in the HOP group (P = 0.024). The mean CCI score was lower in the PRO group than in the HOP group (P = 0.017). In the HOP group, the severity of somatic symptoms was positively correlated with the scores for the emotion-focused CS subscale (r = 0.39, P = 0.029) and the hopeful-thinking CS subscale (r = 0.38, P = 0.036) of the K-WCQ. The level of life satisfaction positively correlated with the score for the problem-focused CS subscale in the HOP group (r = 0.40, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: We should pay more attention to the CSs of hemodialysis patients and provide interventions that promote problem-focused CSs, especially for nonadherent patients with high comorbidity rates who mainly use a hopeful-thinking CS.

Growth experiences of senior oncology nurses in coping with patients' death: a qualitative study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the growth experiences of senior nurses in coping with the death of patients so as to provide reference for clinical nursing management and teaching.Methods A phenomenological research method of qualitative study was employed in this study.Twenty-five senior nurses were in-depth interviewed with semi-structured interview guide.Thematic analysis method was adopted to collect and analyze the data,which were then organized into themes and subthemes.Results Three themes were "changes in growth" "ways to grow" and "unmet needs".Senior nurses could cope with patients' death well through accumulation and sharing of clinical experience,as they reorganized of death more definitely,their emotional response transferred reasonable,their coping strategy became matured,whereas the senior nurses still need help in the areas of psychological adaption,social support and professional theory education.Conclusions It is suggested that nursing managers should value the experience sharing and teaching function of senior oncology nurses,pay attention to the physical-mental health of senior nurses and provide professional psychosocial support to them.Otherwise,it is important to provide all oncology nurses with systematic knowledge training concerning hospice/death education to promote their career development ultimately.

Research development of post-traumatic growth in patients with spinal cord injury / 中国实用护理杂志

The article describes the epidemiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), the measurement methods and affecting factors of post-traumatic growth of SCI patients and treatment strategy of promoting post-traumatic growth of SCI patients. The purposes of the article are to provide help of promote positive psychological changes and improve the quality of life of SCI patients.

Effect analysis and thinking of training and assessment of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Electric Defibrillation skills on nurses / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the better strategy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and electric defibrillation skills training and assessment on nurses in order to improve the first-aid level of nursing staff.Methods 1 258 nurses of a hospital were trained and assessed in batches.Core group and instruc -tor team were established,multimedia lecture,situation simulation training ahd network self-learning were available.Paperless examinations were conducted.Results of the examinations were analyzed by SPSS19.0,and the comparison between the two groups of independent samples were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.Results All the 1 258 nurses were qualified,for the median score was 88.0 and the quartile spacing was 7.5.The step-scores of step1-3,13,14,22,23 were high,while the step-scores of step5,7-17,16-21,24,25 were low.Compared with nurses without professional-titles,nurses with professional-titles got better results in total score,step 8-12 and step17-21,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions It is necessary to pay attention to the training and assessment of CPR and electric defibrillation skills on nurses.Advanced and effective training methods need to be used to carry on regular training and assessment.For the weak links and low-grade nursing staff,intensive training needs to be conducted to improve the entire skill level of nurses.

Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the moderating effects of stress coping strategies on the relationship between occupational stress of national statistical office workers and mental health. METHODS: Subjects were 133 workers at a regional statistics office. Occupational stress, stress coping strategies, and mental health were examined using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), Ways of Coping Checklist, and The Symptom Check-List-90-R. Stress coping strategies were composed of problem-focused coping, social support coping, emotion-focused coping, and wishful thinking coping. RESULTS: Moderated regression indicated that the social support coping and emotion-focused coping style positively moderated the relationship between occupational stress and mental health in national statistical office workers. The social support coping style positively moderated the relationship between interpersonal conflict (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. The emotion-focused coping style positively moderated the relationship between job insecurity (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. The emotion-focused coping style negatively moderated the relationship between job demand (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. CONCLUSION: The implications of this study included that negative results due to high occupational stress can be varied by use of suitable stress coping strategies.