Recommendations for perinatal care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Recomendações para assistência perinatal no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Objectives: to present scientific recommendations for perinatal care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a narrative review was carried out between March and September in 2020 from BIREME, the Scientific Electronic Library Online and the Virtual Health Library databases, based on the descriptors: "Perinatal Care''; "Coronavirus"; "Coronavirus Infection''; "Obstetrics"and "Newborns". The information was grouped into four categories, namely, prenatal care; labor and birthcare; care for puerperal women and the newborn. Results: 14 publications were found, 9 scientific articles and 5 technical standards pursuant to the Ministry of Health in Brazil. In the first category, generally, it is recom-mended that prenatal consultations should be continued, if necessary, by means of telemedi-cine; hospitalization of positive pregnant women in case symptoms are severe and consid-ering pregnant women's clinical and emotional aspects. In the second, screening and testing on suspected cases, discouraging skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hour of life. In the third, change the arrangement of beds in shared accommodations and have early discharge. In the fourth category, it is also recommended late clamping of the umbilical cord and observe differences in laboratorial testing of asymptomatic neonates. Conclusions: scientific evidence based on studies with methodological designs and more robust analyzes are necessary to guide perinatal care in the context of the harm-free COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Objetivos: apresentar as recomendações científicas para a atenção perinatal no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: revisão narrativa realizada entre março a setembro de 2020, nas bases de dados da BIREME, Scientific Electronic Libary Online e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, a partir dos descritores: "Assistência Perinatal", "Coronavírus", "Infecção por Coronavírus", "Obstetrícia" e "Recém-Nascido". As informações foram agrupadas em quatro categorias: assistência pré-natal, assistência ao trabalho de parto e nascimento, assistência à puérpera e assistência ao recém-nascido. Resultados: foram encontradas 14 publicações, 9 artigos científicos e 5 normas técnicas do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Em linhas gerais, na primeira categoria, recomenda-se a permanência da realização das consultas pré-natais, se necessário por meio de telemedicina; internamento de gestantes positivas em caso de sintomatologia grave e consideração aos aspectos clínicos e emocionais das gestantes. Na segunda, triagem e testagem dos casos suspeitos, desencorajamento do contato pele a pele e amamentação na primeira hora de vida. Na terceira, mudança na disposição de leitos no alojamento conjunto e alta precoce. Na quarta categoria, clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical, divergências quanto a testagem laboratorial dos neonatos assintomáticos. Conclusões: evidências científicas baseadas em estudos com desenhos metodológicos e análises mais robustas são necessárias para nortear a assistência perinatal livre de danos no contexto da pandemia por COVID-19.

Anatomical and histological characteristics of the nervous system of the Chilean giant mussel, Choromytilus chorus (Molina 1782) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) / Características anatómicas e histológicas del sistema nervioso del mejillón gigante, Choromytilus chorus (Molina 1782) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae)

The anatomy and histology of the nervous system in the mussel Choromytilus chorus were studied. Juvenile specimens of C. chorus and adult broodstock were collected in Laraquete Cove, Chile (37°09'S; 37°11'O). The juveniles were used for histological analysis and the adults for a macroscopic description of anatomical. The histological description was carried out by Gallego´s trichrome technique. The macroscopic analysis showed that nervous system network includes three pairs of ganglia of orange color and little size (20-40 mm) (cerebral, pedal and visceral) located in the anterior, middle and posterior zone of the specimen, respectively. The histological analysis showed many type de cells inside the ganglia (neurosecretory, granulated and glial cells). The ganglia network could be involving in regulating several physiological processes in the mussels through of their neurosecretions.

Se estudió la anatomía e histología del sistema nervioso en el coro Choromytilus del mejillón. Se recolectaron especímenes juveniles de C. coros y reproductores adultos en Laraquete Cove, Chile (37 ° 09'S, 37 ° 11'O). Los especímenes juveniles se utilizaron para el análisis histológico y los adultos para una descripción macroscópica de anatómica. La descripción histológica se realizó mediante la técnica de tricrómico de Gallego. El análisis macroscópico mostró que la red del sistema nervioso incluye tres pares de ganglios de color naranjo y poco tamaño (20-40 mm) (cerebral, pedal y visceral) localizados en la zona anterior, media y posterior de la muestra, respectivamente. El análisis histológico mostró muchos tipos de células dentro de los ganglios (células neurosecretoras, granuladas y gliales). La red de ganglios podría estar involucrada en la regulación de varios procesos fisiológicos en los mejillones a través de sus neurosecreciones.

Approaches between the roda de capoeira and the dithyrambic chorus in the dionysian rituals of ancient greece / Aproximações entre a roda de capoeira e o coro ditirâmbico nos rituais dionisíacos da grécia antiga

ABSTRACT One of the Brazilian phenomena that presents the most possibilities of interpretation is, without a doubt, the performance art of capoeira. This is because it has a polysemic character that carries marks of dance, of fight, of game, of ritual and spectacle. Our research, based on the philosophical aesthetics perspective, sought to identify similar meanings between the dithyrambic chorus of the Dionysian cults and the practice of the roda de capoeira. We focus our analysis on the relationship between the meanings that may be manifest in the phenomenon of the roda de capoeira and how they resemble certain Dionysian cults. We seek to refer in particular to Nietzsche's analysis, which shows us how the Dionysian rituals represented, for the Greek people, more than mere distraction or religious dogma, becoming a central element in the relationship between man and nature, man and the divine, man and his fellow men. Our interpretations led us to identify mainly three congruences, namely: the breaking of the principle of individuation, a circular aesthetic orientation and a sense of ecstasy. From these possibilities of cross-interpretation we have identified that, although capoeira has suffered consequences on its aesthetic potential, it still maintains elements of its genesis, which presents a Dionysian power.

RESUMO Um dos fenômenos brasileiros que reserva mais possibilidades de interpretação é, sem dúvida, a arte performática da capoeira. Isso por ela adquirir um caráter polissêmico que possui características da dança, da luta, do jogo, do ritual e do espetáculo. Nossa pesquisa, fundamentada no método estético filosófico, buscou identificar sentidos semelhantes entre os coros ditirâmbicos do culto a Dioniso e o fenômeno da roda de capoeira. Buscamos referência, em especial, na análise de Nietzsche (1844 - 1900), que nos mostra como os rituais dionisíacos representavam, para o povo grego, mais do que mera distração ou dogma religioso, configurando-se como um elemento central na relação entre o homem e a natureza, o homem e o divino, o homem e seu semelhante. Nossas interpretações nos levaram a identificar principalmente três congruências, a saber: uma orientação estética circular, um sentido do ecstasis da cena e, como ponto chave, a quebra do princípio de individuação. Por essas possibilidades de interpretações cruzadas, identificamos que, por mais que a capoeira tenha sofrido transformações acerca do seu potencial estético, ela ainda mantém elementos que apresentam características próximas à potência dionisíaca.

Combined use of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in risk stratification of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the role and relationship of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 ) in risk stratification and prognosis assessment of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).Methods We recruited 114 patients with NSTE-ACS and classified them into three groups according to the GRACE risk stratification:high-risk,intermediate-risk and low-risk groups.Another 5 8 patients were recruited as controls.Arterial blood was collected before angiography for the measurement of serum NT-proBNP and MMP-9 .Gensini score was used to evaluate the degree of coronary artery stenosis.All the patients were followed up for 6 months and MACE was observed and recorded.Results ① The levels of lg NT-proBNP and MMP-9 significantly differed between the groups (P<0.05).② ROC curve analysis showed that lg NT-proBNP could predict MACE of NSTE-ACS;area under the curve was 0.795,the cutoff value was 2 .0 6 9 ,corresponding to the NT-proBNP value of 1 1 6 .5 6 ng/L.MMP-9 could predict MACE of NSTE-ACS;area under the curve was 0 .6 9 6 ,the cutoff value was 3 2 .4 9 ng/ml;both of the abnormal indexes could predict MACE with the sensitivity of 80.41%,specificity of 82.19%,and Youden’s index of 0.63.③ Cox regression analysis showed that abnormal MMP-9 and NT-proBNP levels were independently related to the incidence of MACE by the value of OR as 3.751.Conclusion MMP-9 and NT-proBNP may be used as serological indicators in risk stratification of NSTE-ACS. The combined use of NT-proBNP and MMP-9 increases the power of predicting MACE.

Registro de Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 (Coleoptera: melolonthidae) danificando plantas de mirtileiro no Brasil / Record of Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) injuring blueberry plants in Brazil

Larvas de Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914, são comumente encontradas em cereais de inverno (trigo, cevada, aveia e triticale), milho e soja, no Rio Grande do Sul. Em março de 2012, larvas desta espécie foram detectadas em plantas de mirtileiro (Vaccinium ashei Reade), cultivar 'O´Neal', no município de Pelotas, RS. Os insetos alimentaram-se de raízes em áreas restritas do pomar. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do coró-pequeno, C. flavipennis, em plantas de mirtileiro.

Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 are usually found in winter cereals (wheat, barley, oat and triticale), corn and soybean in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Larvae of the species were detected in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivar 'O´Neal', in March 2012 in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The white grub fed up with roots in restricted areas from the orchard. This is the first record of C. flavipennis in blueberry plants.

Stent thrombosis and major clinical events after BuMA coronary stent implantation / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of the domestic biodegradable drug-eluting cor?onary stents (BuMA) in treating coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Patients (n=440) who received BUMA stents were designated as observation group while patients (n=460) received Resolutestents were designated as control group. The base?line clinical characteristics, extend of pathological change shown by Coronary Arteriography (CAG),the procedure of percu?taneous coronary intervention were similar between these two groups. The patients were followed up for a mean of 24 ± 4 months;the primary endpoint was the occurrence of definite or probable stent thrombosis;secondary endpoint was major ad?verse cardiac events (MACEs) including complex end such as recurrent angina, acute non-fatal myocardial infarction, death, target vessel revascularization (TVR); other endpoints include all- cause mortality, cardiac death, myocardial infarc?tion (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), non-target vessel revascularization and stroke. Some patients were lost dur?ing follow up, which include 5 in observation group and 26 in control group. Results Patients in observation groups were in?serted with 615 stents while patients in control group were implanted with 614 stents, both groups with average of implanting 1.41 stent/case. There are no statistical significance differences in the primary endpoint [1.4%(6/435) vs 1.8%(8/434), χ2=0.087], secondary endpoint [12.3%(54/435) vs 10.8%(47/434),χ2=0.524] and other endpoints between the two groups. Con?clusion These data suggest that domestic biodegradable drug-eluting coronary stents (BuMA) are with good long-term safe?ty and efficacy.

The Preventive Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on contrast-induced nephropa-thy (CIN) in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 521 patients under-went PCI in Tianjin were randomly divided into conventional treatment group (n=261) and NAC treatment group (n=260). NAC treatment group was given oral NAC (600 mg twice daily) for 48 h and 72 h before PCI plug hydration therapy, and the conventional treatment group was given only hydration therapy. The serum levels of creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), C-reactive protein (CRP),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), inter-leukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and incidence of CIN were detected at admission and 72 h after the procedure. Results (1) There was no significant difference in the incidence of CIN between NAC treat-ment group (6.2%) and conventional treatment group (3.8%,χ2=1.48, P>0.05). (2) There were no significant differences in se-rum levels of Scr, BUN, Ccr, CRP,β2-MG, TNF-α, IL-6, SOD and GPX before PCI ( P>0.05). (3) The serum levels of CRP, SOD and GPX were significantly higher 72 h after the procedure in two groups ( P＜0.05). There were significantly lower se-rum levels in CRP, SOD and GPX in NAC treatment group than those of conventional treatment group ( P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of Scr, BUN,β2-MG and Ccr between NAC treatment group and conventional treat-ment group ( P >0.05). Conclusion N-acetylcysteine may have no beneficial effect on the prevention of CIN after PCI.

Occurrence of adults and biological aspects of Geniates borelli Camerano (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil / Ocorrência de adultos e aspectos biológicos de Geniates borelli Camerano (Coloptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) em Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Occurrence of adults and biological aspects of Geniates borelli Camerano (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Due to the importance of Geniates borelli Camerano as a pest in many crops, studies were developed at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana campus, MS, Brazil. Adults were collected with a light trap from January 2006 to December 2007. 3,320 adults were collected, and the highest quantities were obtained in October 2006 and November 2007, with 1,548 and 802 adults recorded, respectively. Collected adults were kept in plastic containers with soil and Brachiaria decumbens seedlings for oviposition. 535 eggs measuring 2.30 × 1.60 mm were obtained. As the embryonic development progressed, eggs increased in size to 3.00 × 2.70 mm, and this change occurred between 6 and 10 days after oviposition. The embryonic period lasted 17.9 days. The first, second, and third instars lasted 37.6, 49.7, and 74 days, respectively. The prepupal stage lasted 65.9 days and the pupal stage lasted an average of 18.5 days. The biological cycle is completed in 315.8 days, which characterizes the species as univoltine. The average longevity of females was 35.4 days and 28.5 days for males.

Ocorrência de adultos e aspectos biológicos de Geniates borelli Camerano (Coloptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) em Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Devido a importância de Geniates borelli Camerano como praga de culturas, foram desenvolvidos estudos na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, no campus de Aquidauana, MS. Com o uso de armadilha luminosa realizou-se a coleta de adultos de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Foram coletados 3.320 adultos, e as maiores quantidades foram obtidas em outubro de 2006 e novembro de 2007, onde se registraram, respectivamente 1.548 e 802 adultos. Os adultos coletados foram mantidos em recipientes de plástico, contendo solo e mudas de Brachiaria decumbens, para que estes realizassem a oviposição. Foram obtidos 535 ovos com dimensões de 2,30 x 1,60 mm e com o desenvolvimento embrionário ocorre aumento de tamanho para 3,00 x 2,70 mm e essa mudança do formato ocorreu entre o 6º e 10º dia após a oviposição. O período embrionário durou 17,9 dias, o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instar duraram 37,6, 49,7 e 74 dias, respectivamente. A pré-pupa durou 65,9 dias e a fase de pupa durou a média de 18,5 dias. O ciclo biológico completa-se em 315,8 dias, o que caracteriza a espécie como univoltina. A longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 35,4 dias e dos machos 28,5 dias.

El actor y el espectador: De Freud a Lacan / The actor and the audience: from Freud to Lacan / L’acteur et le spectateur. de Freud à Lacan

Teniendo en cuenta los aportes de Freud y Lacan, en este texto se trata, por una parte, de mirar cuál es la función del actor en la representación teatral o parafraseando al segundo de estos autores ¿Qué añade el actor a la obra escrita? de otro lado, profundizar en los mecanismos que en el espectador ponen en juego para conectarse con la obra y el actor, suscitando las vivencias y emociones propias de la experiencia teatral...

Taking in account Freud and Lacan works, this paper questions about what is the actor function in a theatrical performance; paraphrasing Lacan: What does the actor add to the written work? On the other hand, deeping into the mechanisms that the member of the audience uses to put in contact with the play and the actor, arousing his/her own life experiences and emotions through the theatrical experience...

En prenant compte des apports de Freud et de Lacan, ce texte essaie de voir quel est le rôle de l’acteur dans la représentation théâtrale, ou – si l’on reprend les mots du deuxième de ces auteurs: Qu’est ce qui l’acteur apporte à l’œuvre écrite ? D’autre part, il essaie d’aller plus loin dans les mécanismes mis en jeu par le spectateur afin de se connecter avec l’œuvre et avec l’acteur, suscitant ainsi les expériences vécues et les émotions propres de l’expérience théâtrale...

Aspectos biológicos de Leucothyreus dorsalis Blanchard (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) / Biological aspects of Leucothyreus dorsalis Blanchard (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae)

No Brasil existe uma escassez de informações sobre a bioecologia da maioria das espécies de Scarabaeidae. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os aspectos biológicos de Leucothyreus dorsalis Blanchard, 1850 em laboratório e a campo. A dinâmica populacional dos adultos foi avaliada de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007, com uso de armadilha luminosa. Adultos coletados em campo foram mantidos em recipientes de plástico contendo solo e mudas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, para obtenção de ovos e dar início aos estudos. Todos os estágios de desenvolvimento foram acompanhados e adultos e imaturos foram mensurados para obtenção de dados biométricos. Foram coletados 3.607 adultos e os picos populacionais de coleta ocorreram em novembro de 2006 e outubro de 2007, com média de 145 e 241 indivíduos coletados, respectivamente. O período embrionário durou em média 15,5 dias, o primeiro instar 32,4 dias, o segundo 38,9 dias, o terceiro 52,7 dias, a fase de pré-pupa 130,7 dias, a fase pupal 23,5 dias e a longevidade 18 dias. O ciclo biológico completou-se em 273,5 dias, o que caracteriza a espécie como univoltina. Verificou-se que do primeiro ao terceiro instar houve um aumento de 4,5 vezes no comprimento e de 3,5 vezes na largura das larvas. Observou-se um aumento de 53,1 vezes no peso larval do primeiro para o terceiro instar. As pupas das fêmeas foram significativamente maiores e mais pesadas que a dos machos. As fêmeas adultas foram maiores que os adultos machos, porém, apresentaram peso semelhante.

In Brazil there is a shortage of information on bioecology of most species of Scarabaeidae. The aim of this work was to study the biological aspects of Leucothyreus dorsalis Blanchard, 1850 in laboratory and field. The population dynamics of adults was evaluated from January, 2006, to December, 2007, with the use of light traps. Adults collected in the field were kept in plastic recipients containing soil and seedlings of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, to obtain eggs and start the studies. All developmental stages were monitored and adults and immatures measured to get biometric data. 3,607 adults were collected and the population peaks occurred in November, 2006 and October, 2007, with averages of 145 e 241 individuals collected, respectively. The embryonic period took in the average 15.5 days, the 1st instar 32.4 days, the 2nd instar 38.9 days, the 3rd instar 52.7 days, the pre-pupa 130.7 days, the pupa 23.5 days and the longevity of adults 18 days. The biological cycle was completed in 273.5 days, characterizing the specie as univoltine. From the first to the third instar it was observed an increasing of 4.5 times in the extension and 3.5 times in the width of the larvae. There was an increase of 53.1 times in the larval weight from the first to the third instar. The female pupae were significantly larger and heavier than the male ones. The adult females are larger than the adult males, however, they have similar weight.

Aspectos Biológicos e Comportamentais de Liogenys suturalis Blanchard (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) no Mato Grosso do Sul / Biological notes and behavior of Liogenys suturalis Blanchard (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Liogenys suturalis Blanchard is one of the main soil pests associated to corn, wheat and oat crops in the Southern Mato Grosso do Sul State. This work aimed to investigate the bioecological and behavioral aspects of this pest. The study was carried out in several municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul State under field and laboratory conditions from August 2004 to December 2006. In the laboratory, we studied the incubation period and egg viability, the number of instars, and pupal and adult sex-related traits. The insect distribution was determined yearly, as well as the period of insect flying and some behavioral aspects during mating. Egg viability averaged 81.7 percent, with an incubation period of 22.8 ± 4.32 days. Liogenys suturalis took the whole year to complete its life cycle, developing through three different instars. The highest larval feeding activity and development occurred in February and June, and adult flight activities were between the second fortnight of September and December. Sex dimorphism was observed in both pupae and adults. Flights were concentrated from 7:00 to 8:00 PM. The average time for mating was 9.82 min. The observed adult sex ratio was 0.63.

Liogenys suturalis Blanchard é uma das principais pragas de solo associada às culturas do milho, do trigo e da aveia no Sul do Mato Grosso do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos bioecológicos e comportamentais dessa praga. A pesquisa foi executada em vários municípios do estado, em condições de campo e laboratório, entre agosto de 2004 e dezembro de 2006. No laboratório foram determinados o período de incubação e a viabilidade dos ovos, o número de ínstares e caracteres sexuais de pupas e adultos. Foram estudadas a distribuição temporal do inseto ao longo do ano, o período de revoada e aspectos comportamentais da cópula. A viabilidade média dos ovos foi de 81,7 por cento e o período médio de incubação de 22,8 ± 4,32 dias. Liogenys suturalis completou o ciclo de vida no período de um ano passando por três instares. A fase em que a maioria das larvas estava mais desenvolvida e consumindo as raízes das plantas ocorreu entre os meses de fevereiro a junho e o período de revoada de adultos ocorreu da segunda quinzena de setembro até dezembro. Observou-se dimorfismo sexual em pupas e adultos. A maior porcentagem de adultos em revoada foi observada no horário entre 19:00h e 20:00h. A cópula teve duração média de 9,8 min. A razão sexual observada para adultos foi de 0,63.

Seasonal and vertical distribution of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser)(Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in the soil profile / Distribuição estacional e vertical de Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) no perfil do solo

Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) temporal and vertical distribution patterns were evaluated in the soil profile, in order to subsidize methodology for population sampling, aiming at its management. In insect surveys carried out during three years, in Boa Esperança County, State of Parana, Brazil, Phyllophaga cuyabana was univoltine, with little overlap of the larval stages. Population peaked during December-February, but declined during the colder months, when larvae were in diapause. Different developmental stages exploited distinct soil depths. Eggs and early first instars tended to concentrate between 5 cm and 10 cm deep, but they spread more uniformly through the soil profile, reaching depths up to 30 cm, as they developed. Adults and eggs occurred in the spring (October to December) when active larvae also started to be observed; feeding larvae occurred up to late-April between 0 to15 cm deep. Diapausing larvae and pupae were observed from early fall to early spring, mostly from 15 cm to 30 cm deep. Throughout the year, the number of insects in the soil (up to 40 cm deep) showed a positive functional relationship with air temperature and evapotranspiration. The relationship of percent distribution of larvae in the soil profile and soil temperature, however, was positive only above 10 cm. To estimate the insect population from November to April, samples can be collected until 20 cm deep; from May to October, however, samplings should be deeper, up to 30 cm.

O padrão de distribuição temporal e vertical de Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) foi avaliado no perfil do solo para subsidiar amostragens da população do inseto visando ao seu manejo. Em levantamentos populacionais realizados durante três anos, em de Boa Esperança, PR, P. cuyabana foi univoltina, com baixa sobreposição de estádios de desenvolvimento. Houve um pico populacional no verão (dezembro a fevereiro) e um declínio nos meses frios, quando as larvas estavam em diapausa. O inseto, nos distintos estágios de desenvolvimento, explorou diferentes profundidades do solo. Ovos e larvas no início do primeiro instar concentraram-se entre 5 cm e 10 cm de profundidade e, ao se desenvolverem, atingiram 30 cm de profundidade. Adultos e ovos ocorreram na primavera (outubro a dezembro), quando começaram a ser observadas as larvas ativas em amostras realizadas entre zero e 15 cm de profundidade. Larvas em diapausa e pupas foram observadas em maior concentração entre 15 e 30 cm de profundidade, do inicio do outono ao início da primavera. O número de insetos no solo (até 40 cm de profundidade) mostrou relação funcional positiva com a temperatura do ar e com a evapotranspiração. Entretanto, a relação da distribuição percentual de larvas no perfil do solo com a temperatura do solo foi positiva apenas para profundidades de zero a 10 cm. Para estimar a população de corós de novembro a abril, as amostragens podem ser feitas até 20 cm de profundidade, porém de maio a outubro a profundidade das amostragens deve atingir 30 cm.

Seroprevalencia de la toxoplasmosis en mujeres que asistieron al Hospital “Dr. Rafael Gallardo”. Coro, estado Falcón / Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in women who attended the “Dr. Rafael Gallardo” hospital at Coro, Falcon State

En Falcón, no se han realizado estudios relacionados con la toxoplasmosis. La finalidad de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii tipo IgM e IgG, en mujeres no embarazadas que acudieron al hospital “Dr, Rafael Gallardo”. El diagnóstico se hizo a través de inmunoensayo enzimático. El 85,5% resultaron negativas para la presencia de ambos anticuerpos, 14,3% mostraron valores positivos de IgG y 0,37% tuvo valores positivos para IgM. Se descartó la presencia de infección activa en los pacientes que resultaron IgG(+). La paciente IgM(+) se manejó como primoinfección. La baja prevalencia encontrada puede deberse a escasa exposición a factores de riesgo o al subregistro. Hacer el diagnóstico precoz permite iniciar medidas profilácticas que reduzcan la transmisión. El estudio serológico debe ser extendido a mujeres embarazadas y complementado con los datos epidemiológicos.

Studies related with toxoplasmosis have not been done at Falcon State, Venezuela. The aim of this study was to determine the IgM and IgG type anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in non pregnant women who attended the “Dr. Rafael Gallardo” Hospital. Diagnosis was made through an immune-enzymatic assay. Of the sera tested, 85.5% were negative for both antibodies; 14.27% of the sera were positive for IgG  and 0.37% for IgM. The presence of active infection was rejected in the IgG(+) patients. The one patient who was IgM positive was considered as recently infected. The low prevalence found may be due to scarce exposure to risk factors, or to a sub registration. An early diagnosis will allow initiating prophylactic measures that reduce transmission. Serologic studies should be extended to pregnant women and complemented with epidemiological data.

Application of a thrombus-aspirating device ZEEK catheter to primary percutaneons coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new and easy-to-use thrombus-aspirating device for primary percutaneous trans-radial coronary intervention (PCI). Method From March 2006 to June 2008, fifty acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with angiographic evidence of high-burden coronary throm-bus treated with thrombus aspiration were enrolled in a single center retrospective study. Thrombotic clot was aspi-rated before stent was implanted in the infarct-related coronary artery. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) flow, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), TIMI myocardial perfusion grade(TMPG), and rate of no-reflow were observed with coronary augiography. Acute thrombosis and subacute thrombosis in stent during hospital stay were investigated. Myocardial ischemic events, revascularization and mortality during the following period were also in-vestigated. Paired t -test was used for statistical analysis. Results Thrombus was completely removed in 35 pa-tients (70%) and partially removed in 15 patients (30%) seen immediately after thrombus aspiration. There were significant improvements both in postoperative TIMI flow (0 vs. 2.7±0.5, P <0.01) and TMPG (0 vs. 2.6±0.8, P <0.01), while cTFC was 20.2±16.8 after the thrombus aspiration. No severe complication occurred during and after operation. Conclusions Trans-radial thrombas-aspiration in primary PCI is clinically safe and feasible. The use of aspiration catheter (ZEEK) is a simple and effective approach to the treatment of coronary artery stenosis associated with thrombus because it elevates the successful rate of treatment,reduces the incidence of no-reflow,and results in better prolonged-term outcome.

Ocorrência de Euetheola humilis (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) em Eucalyptus saligna Smith (Myrtaceae), no Rio Grande do Sul / Occurrence of Euetheola humilis (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Eucalyptus saligna Smith (Myrtaceae), in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Euetheola humilis (Burmeister) é um escarabeídeo praga das culturas do arroz, cana-de-açucar e milho, que ataca as cultura na fase larval e na adulta. A ocorrência de E. humilis foi observada em área florestada com Eucalyptus saligna Smith, pertencente a Votorantim Celulose & Papel (Fazenda Aroeira), no município de Candiota, RS. Plantas de aproximadamente 1m de altura foram danificadas por insetos adultos de E. humilis na região próxima ao colo, desfiando seu córtex, levando algumas à morte. Verificou-se ataque em torno de 10 por cento das plantas de eucalipto, em uma área de aproximadamente 30 ha.

Euetheola humilis (Burmeister) is a scarabaeid pest of rice, sugarcane and corn cultures, that attacks the crops during both larval and adult phase. The occurrence of E. humilis was observed in a forest area with Eucalyptus saligna Smith, from Votorantim Celulose & Papel (Fazenda Aroeira), in the Municipality of Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul State. Plants approximately 1m high were damaged by E. humilis adult insects near the stem base, what unraveled its cortex and led some of them to death. The attack was verified in about 10 percent of the eucalypts plants, in an area of approximately 30 ha.

Ocorrência e aspectos biológicos de Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) / Occurrence and biological aspects of Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

Os coleópteros da família Scarabaeidae são importantes pragas em áreas de culturas e pastagens, principalmente devido à ação das larvas, as quais danificam o sistema radicular. São escassas as informações sobre esse grupo de pragas, desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a ocorrência e o ciclo biológico de Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard, 1856. De novembro de 2005 a novembro de 2006 foram realizadas coletas diárias com uma armadilha luminosa, e em laboratório os adultos foram mantidos em recipientes plásticos, contendo solo e mudas de Brachiaria decumbens, para estudo de biologia. Foram coletados 263 adultos de A. testaceipennis, em quase todos os meses do ano, não sendo registrados apenas em março e junho. Sobre a biologia verificou-se que o período embrionário durou em média 13,2 dias, o 1° instar 26,7 dias, o 2° instar 19,4 dias, o 3° instar 58,2 dias, a fase de pré-pupa 50,2 dias e a fase de pupa 13,6 dias. A longevidade dos adultos foi semelhante para machos e fêmeas, e durou em média 14,1 dias. No laboratório as fêmeas ovipositaram 7,3 ovos em média. O ciclo de ovo a adulto durou 139,4 dias em média.

Beethes of the Scarabaeidae family are important pests in areas of cultivations and pastures, mainly due the action of larvae, which damage the radicular system. The information about this group of pests are rare, thus, this work had as a purpose to study the occurrence and the biologic cycle of Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard, 1856. From November 2005 to November 2006 it was carried out daily collections with a lighting trap, and in laboratories the adult ones were kept in plastic containers, containing soil and seedlings of Brachiaria decumbens, to the biology study. It was collected an amount of 263 adults of A. testaceipennis, in almost all the months of the year, not being registered in March and June. Concerning the biology it was verified that embrionary period took in the average 13.2 days, the 1º instar 26.7 days, the 2º instar 19.4 days, the 3º instar 58.2 days, the pre-pupa phase 50.2 days and the pupa phase 13.6 days. The longevity of the adults was similar to males and females, and it took in the average 14.1 days. In the laboratory the females laid 7.3 eggs in the average. The cycle from the egg to adult took 139.4 days in the average.

Ocorrência de Euphoria lurida (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) em milho cultivado em Várzea no Rio Grande do Sul / Occurrence of Euphoria lurida (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the corn cultivated in Lowland at Rio Grande do Sul State

Adultos de Euphoria lurida (Fabricius) são registrados como insetos-praga de algumas frutíferas e roseiras. Este é o primeiro relato de ocorrência de E. lurida na cultura do milho. Em março de 2006, adultos do inseto atacaram cerca de 15 por cento das plantas de milho em cultivo numa área de aproximadamente 1 ha. Os danos foram causados em plantas na fase reprodutiva, constatando-se perfurações dispostas transversal e longitudinalmente nos colmos logo acima da inserção da espiga. O ataque às espigas deu-se mais intensamente na sua porção apical, onde o inseto consumiu estilo-estigmas e grãos em formação.

Euphoria lurida adults (Fabricius) is registered as pests of some fruits and flowers. However, this is the first record of this insect in maize fields. In march, 2006 adults attacked about 15 percent of maize plants in an area with almost 1 ha. The damage occurred in plants in the reprodutive stage. Transversal and longitudinal holes were found in the stalks just above the ear insertion. The attack to the ear occurred more intensively in the upper part of the plant, where the insect fed on the silk and the filling grains.

Feeding and oviposition preference of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) on several crops

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study food and oviposition preference by Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) on different plant species as Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea), Crotalaria juncea L. (sun hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (showy crotalaria), Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don (slenderleaf rattlebox), Glycine max [L.] Merrill (soybean), Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Stizolobium aterrimum [Mucuna aterrima] Piper & Tracey (velvetbean) and Zea mays L. (mayze). In no-choice experiments, the number of eggs layed in sunflower, C. juncea and soybean was larger compared to cotton. Despite the fact that the adults did not discriminate among plants, in dual-choice test, the proportion of eggs layed and leaf consumption by P. cuyabana adults in soybean were significantly higher than in C. spectabilis. The larval distribution in the soil was at random in multiple-choice, withouth any trend of preference, but in dual-choice, when soybean was the control, larvae always preferred to feed on its roots. P. cuyabana adults had preference for more suitable hosts and that could stand their offspring survival. This behaviour can be usefully exploited in an integrated management program for this pest.

Estudos em laboratório e em casa-de-vegetação foram conduzidos para estudar a preferência de Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) em se alimentar e ovipositar nas espécies de plantas: Cajanus cajan L. (guandu), Crotalaria juncea L. (crotalária), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (crotalária), Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don (crotalária), Glycine max [L.] Merrill (soja), Gossypium hirsutum L. (algodão), Helianthus annuus L. (girassol), Stizolobium aterrimum [Mucuna aterrima] Piper & Tracey (mucuna preta) e Zea mays L. (milho). O maior número de ovos foi observado em girassol, C. juncea e soja e o menor em algodão, em situação de confinamento. Em testes de multipla-escolha, os adultos não fizeram discriminação entre as plantas. Entretanto, em teste de dupla-escolha, a proporção de ovos e do consumo foliar em soja foi significativamente maior do que em C. spectabilis. Em situação de múltipla escolha, a distribuição das larvas ocorreu ao acaso, não sendo observada nenhuma tendência de preferência, mas em situação de dupla-escolha, usando-se soja como padrão, as larvas sempre preferiram se alimentar nas raízes de soja. Os adultos de P. cuyabana preferiram os hospedeiros mais adequados à sobrevivência de sua prole. Esse comportamento pode ser explorado em um programa de manejo integrado dessa praga.

Detection of point mutation at C-terminal region of phagosomal coat protein (TACO) in patients with leprosy / 나학회지

Mycobacteria, which are highly successful pathogen, resist delivary to lysosomes and instead survive within a specialized vacuole, the mycobacterial phagosome. The bacteria survive intracellularly because they are able to actively recruit and retain TACO ( tryptophane aspartate-containing coat protein ) at the mycobacterial phagosome, where it prevents lysosomal delivary in a cholesterol-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the difference of TACO expression is whether related to mutant in coro1a gene in patients with leprosy and normal volunteer. First, we screened for detection of a mutant in the leucine zipper motif within the exon 11, and then in the exon 9 to 10, and finally in the coiled-coil region. Interestingly, single base substitutions ( point mutation ) presents at assembly site of U1 snRNP, around of 5' splice site in the intron 9, there are a C to T and G to A transition are at 9 bp and 14 bp downstream of 5' splice site, respectively, and both of it. Among the 3 types of polymorphism, frequency of a G to A transition is markedly increased in patients of lepromatous type, which are new cases or relapsed. Both a C to T and G to A transitions are found in 1 case of tuberculoid type and 2 cases in lepromatoue type, but not found in control group. The silent mutation in leucine zipper motif within the exon 11 is located at codon at 454 ( CTG-->CTA), which is 1st leucine from C-terminal among four leucine zipper. In coiled-coil region, no mutation is found in genomic DNA of patients with leprosy. Further, we will do functional study about the identified point mutation and will screen any possible mutation in the region of promotor and WD repeat.