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Nitrogen is one of the most important and essential nutrition required for the proper growth and development of pathogen. It is an important component required for protein synthesis and other vital functions. In the present study investigation has made on the effect of different nitrogen sources (sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate) on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii causing wilt of Coriander. For this study wild sensitive and highly resistant isolate were selected. It was observed that, there was variation in the mycelial growth of the sensitive and resistant isolate on the different Nitrogen sources. However, Sodium nitrate was found to be the best source of nitrogen. Resistant isolate always showed highest growth as compared to the sensitive isolate. This research work helps to manage the growth of pathogen.
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Though aloe vera extract, green tea extract and coriander oil are proven antimicrobial agents, very little information is available regarding its effects on oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, which is responsible for initiating caries and Enterococcus faecalis, responsible for failure of root canal treatment. Objective: To find the antimicrobial activity of aloe vera extract, black tea extract and coriander oil against S. mutans and E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera extract, black tea extract and coriander oil. Different concentration of prepared plant extracts and coriander seed oil (50 & 100 µl) was incorporated into the wells and the plates containing S. mutans and E. faecalis were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The antibiotic (amoxicillin 30 µl) was used as positive control. Zone Of Inhibition (ZOI) was recorded in each plate. Results: For S. mutans, the maximum ZOI was created by coriander oil with a diameter of 25.00±0.58 mm at 50 µl and for E. faecalis, maximum ZOI was created by aloe vera extract 16.00±0.58 mm at 100 µl concentration which were far better than the control: amoxicillin 30 µl concentration. Conclusion: The extracts of Aloe vera, black tea and coriander oil, showed significant activity against the investigated microbial strains, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis which further helps in the development of new topical agents that help in reducing the numbers of these organisms present in the oral cavity. (AU)
Embora o extrato de aloe vera, extrato de chá verde e óleo de coentro sejam agentes antimicrobianos comprovados, há pouca informação disponível sobre seus efeitos nas bactérias orais, Streptococcus mutans, que é responsável por iniciar cáries e Enterococcus faecalis, responsável pela falha do tratamento de canal radicular. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de aloe vera, extrato de chá preto e óleo de coentro contra S. mutans e E. faecalis. Materiais e Métodos: O método de difusão em agar foi usado para determinar a atividade antibacteriana do extrato de Aloe vera, extrato de chá preto e óleo de coentro. Diferentes concentrações dos extratos de plantas e óleo de semente de coentro (50 e 100 µl) foram preparados e colocados nos poços e nas placas contendo S. mutans e E. faecalis e foram incubadas a 37°C por 24 h. O antibiótico (amoxicilina 30 µl) foi utilizado como controle positivo. A zona de inibição (ZOI) foi registrada em cada placa. Resultados: Para S. mutans, a ZOI máxima foi obtida com o óleo de coentro com um diâmetro de 25,00 ± 0,58 mm a 50 µl e para E. faecalis, a ZOI máxima foi obtiada pelo extrato de aloe vera 16,00 ± 0,58 mm na concentração de 100 µl, as quais foram melhores do que o controle: concentração de 30 µl de amoxicilina. Conclusão: Os extratos de Aloe vera, chá preto e óleo de coentro apresentaram atividade significativa contra as cepas microbianas investigadas, Streptococcus mutans e Enterococcus faecalis auxiliando no desenvolvimento de novos agentes tópicos visando a redução do número desses organismos presentes no cavidade oral. (AU)
Subject(s)
Streptococcus mutans , Tea , Enterococcus faecalis , Aloe , MicrobiotaABSTRACT
A 2 year old child presented with history of recurrent urticaria for 2 months. The cause was initially idiopathic. On close questioning about diet and observation it was found that mother started using a coriander based masala powder 2 months back and it was found that the child was allergic to coriander. Chronic urticaria should be dealt with extreme caution and careful elicitation of history for the offending agent should be taken in a case of urticaria which poses as a diagnostic dilemma.
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Objective: The present study was designed to investigate phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera on economically and medicinally important aromatic plant - Coriandrum sativum (coriander). Methods: Phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera were evaluated on coriander, under greenhouse and field conditions. The evaluations were carried out with reference to emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil. Beside this the overall effects were comparatively assessed with the effects of (a) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) on coriander using same parameters. Results: Mycorrhizal fungus (Sebacina vermifera) was observed with the most significant effect in all aspects viz. emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil. Conclusion: Based upon the observations, Sebacina vermifera is highly recommended as a potential biological agent that could be applied for phytopromotional effects and economic cultivation of aromatic plants.
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Stem gall (Protomyces macrosporus Unger), a serious disease that affects leaves, petioles, stems and fruits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) causing heavy loss in yield. Genetic improvement of coriander for stem gall disease is indispensable. Coriander cultivars of stem gall resistance (ACr-1) and susceptible (CS-6) leaf samples were utilized and transcriptome sequenced using Illumina NextSeq500 platform. After trimming low-quality reads and adapter sequences, a total of 49,163,108 and 43,746,120 high-quality reads were retained and further assembly resulted validated transcripts of 59,933 and 56,861. We have predicted 52,506 and 48,858 coding sequences (CDS) of which 50,506 and 46,945 were annotated using NCBInr database. Gene ontology analysis annotated 19,099 and 17,625 terms; pathway analysis obtained 24 different functional pathway categories; signal transduction, transport, catabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolism pathways etc. were dominated. Differentially expressed genes analysis predicted 13,123 CDS commonly expressed of which 431 and 400 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in which Rgenes, stress inducible transcription factors such as ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYB, DREB and WRKY and antifungal related genes were predicted. The real-time PCR analysis of HSP20 gene expression in resistance showed upregulation by 10-fold over susceptible sample and 18s used as a housekeeping gene for normalization. The present results provide an insights into various aspects underlying the development of resistance to stem gall in coriander.
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Objective: To evaluate the influence of fertilization and phenological stages on secondary metabolites production and chemoprotective effects of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) L. Methods: The plants were grown under organic or chemical fertilizer, collected at vegetative and flowering development stages and their hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed by phytochemicals methods, mass spectrometry, antioxidant and antimutagenic assays. Results: All extracts exhibited metabolites such as coumarins, flavonoids and steroids, and mass spectrometry showed similar molecular peaks among the extracts evaluated, suggesting the presence of palmitic and α -linolenic acids. Vegetative C. sativum extract grown under chemical fertilizer showed better antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH assay. Vegetative C. sativum extracts grown under organic and chemical fertilizer were able to effectively reduce micronucleous frequency in the simultaneous and pre-treatment protocols, especially reaching 55.90% of damage reduction in the pre-treatment protocol. Conclusions: These findings suggest that chemical fertilization promotes an increase in the content of flavonoids in C. sativum and, consequently, leads to better antioxidant and antimutagenic activities, as well as reinforces the potential uses of this culinary plant in health promotion and disease prevention.
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Objective: To evaluate the hepatic and renal protective potential of coriander seeds and leaves using animal feed model. Methods: Coriander seeds- and leaves-based sauces were administrated to normal (Study I) and carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg B.W.)-induced hepatotoxic rabbits (Study II). Hepatic and renal biomarkers like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. Results: Coriander leaves-based sauce exerted more decline (P<0.05) in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the study II as 18.32%, 19.91% and 21.24%, respectively. While, hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were raised significantly (P<0.05) in both studies. Renal parameters also depicted positive impact by the provision of developed sauces. Conclusions: Coriander seeds and leaves based sauces are effective in alleviating the hepato/renal toxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of coriander leaves is more pronounced as compared to coriander seeds.
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Objective:To evaluate the hepatic and renal protective potential of coriander seeds and leaves using animal feed model.Methods:Coriander seeds- and leaves-based sauces were administrated to normal (Study I) and carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg B.W.)-induced hepatotoxic rabbits (Study II). Hepatic and renal biomarkers like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured.Results:Coriander leaves-based sauce exerted more decline (P<0.05) in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the study II as 18.32%, 19.91% and 21.24%, respectively. While, hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were raised significantly (P<0.05) in both studies. Renal parameters also depicted positive impact by the provision of developed sauces.Conclusions:Coriander seeds and leaves based sauces are effective in alleviating the hepato/renal toxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of coriander leaves is more pronounced as compared to coriander seeds.
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Objective: To evaluate the influence of fertilization and phenological stages on secondary metabolites production and chemoprotective effects of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) L.Methods: The plants were grown under organic or chemical fertilizer, collected at vegetative and flowering development stages and their hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed by phytochemicals methods, mass spectrometry, antioxidant and antimutagenic assays. Results:All extracts exhibited metabolites such as coumarins, flavonoids and steroids, and mass spectrometry showed similar molecular peaks among the extracts evaluated, suggesting the presence of palmitic and α-linolenic acids. Vegetative C. sativum extract grown under chemical fertilizer showed better antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH assay. Vegetative C. sativum extracts grown under organic and chemical fertilizer were able to effectively reduce micronucleous frequency in the simultaneous and pre-treatment protocols, especially reaching 55.90％ of damage reduction in the pre-treatment protocol. Conclusions: These findings suggest that chemical fertilization promotes an increase in the content of flavonoids in C.sativum and, consequently, leads to better antioxidant and antimutagenic activities, as well as reinforces the potential uses of this culinary plant in health promotion and disease prevention.
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The biocidal agrochemicals commonly used in agriculture can remain in the soil, affecting the environmental conditions and causing serious risks to health. Knowing that soil microorganisms, especially those from the rhizosphere, can degrade environmental xenobiotics, it was evaluated the potential of bacteria isolated from Coriandrum sativum L. rhizosphere to biodegrade carbendazim (MBC), a fungicide extensively used by agriculturists from rural farming communities in Manaus, Amazonas. Cultures carried out in medium containing carbendazim as a sole carbon source enabled the isolation of 80 bacteria, in the established conditions. Assays to determine degradation potential allowed the selection of the two elite isolates identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. Quantitative assays with each strain individually or in consortium, were carried out using minimal salt medium added with carbendazim (250 µg mL-1) and incubated at 30°C, under agitation (125 rpm) for 21 days. Samples used in the biodegradation test were HPLC analyzed for final fungicide quantitation. The Stenotrophomonas sp. strain was more efficient (68.9%) to degrade carbendazim and showed no toxicity in tests with Artemia salina.
Agrotóxicos são comumente utilizados na produção agrícola, podendo persistir no solo, afetar a qualidade do ambiente e causar sérios riscos à saúde. Sabendo-se que micro-organismos do solo, principalmente aqueles da rizosfera, podem degradar produtos xenobióticos avaliou-se o potencial de bactérias isoladas da rizosfera de Coriandrum sativum L. em degradar carbendazim, um fungicida usado extensivamente em comunidades de agricultores rurais em Manaus, Amazonas. Procedimentos de cultivo em meio, contendo carbendazim como única fonte de carbono, mostraram que 80 bactérias cresceram nas condições estabelecidas. Ensaios de eficiência de degradação permitiram a seleção dos dois melhores isolados que foram identificados como Stenotrophomonas sp. e Ochrobactrum sp. Os ensaios quantitativos, com cada cepa individualmente e com as duas em consórcio, foram conduzidos em meio mínimo contendo sais, acrescido de carbendazim (250 µg mL-1) e incubados a 30°C, 125 rpm, por 21 dias. A quantificação final do fungicida nas amostras do ensaio de biodegradação foi realizada em HPLC. A linhagem Stenotrophomonas sp. apresentou maior eficiência, degradando 68,9% do total de carbendazim e não apresentou toxicidade nos testes realizados com Artemia salina.
Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Coriandrum , Pesticides , SoilABSTRACT
Hyperlipidemia is a lipoprotein metabolic disorder characterized by high serum Low density Lipoprotein and blood cholesterol. It is a major risk factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis that eventually lead to cardiovascular diseases. This poses a major problem to majority of society because of the close correlation between cardiovascular diseases and lipid abnormalities. There are various features which are associated directly or indirectly as etiological factors viz. heredity, age, obesity, sex, diet, physical inactivity, hypertension, lifestyle disorders and various stress factors. For alleviation and treatment there are many ways such as allopathic medications, alternative systems like Ayurvedic, Diet control, lifestyle discipline etc. Recently Spice therapies are seen useful and effective. In India, Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentions the use of various plants and spices. Spices in diet are useful as they play effective role in the functioning of various body systems such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and nervous system. Along with proper food habits, diet which contains variety of spices which have been proved as hypolipidemic, can be effective in controlling hyperlipidemia. Spices used in day-to-day life as food, can also be used in the treatment of various human ailments. Along with the taste, flavor, colour and preservative property, spices also possess hypolipidemic effects. This review is focused mainly on the beneficial hypolipidemic effect of five spices (Dill, Garlic, Fenugreek, Ginger, Coriander) in the management of hyperlipidemia. This article is based on the traditional knowledge, mechanism of action for hypolipidemic activity and some experimental scientific studies done to support the use of these spices in the management of hyperlipidemia
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The effect of ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds (100, 200 mg/kg) was studied on tacrine induced orofacial dyskinesia. Tacrine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) treated animals were observed for vacuous chewing movements (VCM), tongue protrusions (TP) and orofacial bursts (OB) for 1 h followed by observations for locomotor changes and cognitive dysfunction. Sub-chronic administration of Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract (E-CS) (100, 200 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days significantly (P <0.05) decreased the tacrine induced VCM, TP and OB; and also significantly (P <0.05), increased locomotion and cognition compared to the tacrine treated group. Biochemical analysis revealed that tacrine administration significantly (P <0.05) decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSH) levels and also significantly (P <0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an index of oxidative stress, whereas sub-chronic administration of E-CS significantly (P <0.05) improved the antioxidant enzyme (i.e. SOD, CAT, and GSH) levels and also significantly (P <0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results have demonstrated the protective role of ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum. L against tacrine induced orofacial dyskinesia.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/chemically induced , Animals , Armin , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Coriandrum/therapeutic use , Ethanol/chemistry , Hypokinesia/chemically induced , Male , Movement Disorders/chemically induced , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/chemically induced , Plant Extracts , Phytotherapy/methods , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tacrine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Coriandrum sativum L. (C. sativum) is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal plants, belonging to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plant are widely used in folk medicine in addition to its use as a seasoning in food preparation. The C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in different parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This edible plant is non-toxic to humans, and the C. sativum essential oil is thus used in different ways, viz., in foods (like flavouring and preservatives) and in pharmaceutical products (therapeutic action) as well as in perfumes (fragancias and lotions). The current updates on the usefulness of the plant C. sativum are due to scientific research published in different web-based journals.
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Context: Moist environment in the mouth varies and causes variable amounts of corrosion of dental materials. This is of concern particularly when metallic implants, metallic fillings, orthodontic appliances are placed in the hostile electrolytic environment in the human mouth. Components of diet rich in salt and spices are important factors influencing the corrosion of metallic appliances placed in the oral cavity. Aims: To study in vitro corrosion of orthodontic metallic brackets immersed in solutions of salt and spices in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic brackets were used for corrosion studies in artificial saliva, salt, and spices using electrochemical technique and surface analysis. Electrochemical studies using different parameters were done in solutions of artificial saliva containing salt and spices. Photomicrographs from the optical microscope were also obtained. Results: Results of corrosion studies have clearly demonstrated that certain spices such as turmeric and coriander are effective in reducing corrosion, whereas salt and red chili have been found to enhance it. Surface analysis of small pits present on the surface of the as-received bracket will initiate corrosion which leads to more pitting.
Subject(s)
Corrosion , Dental Alloys , Dental Materials , Orthodontic Brackets , Saliva , Spices/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Food based approach is a more practical and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies including vitamin A deficiency in India. However several gaps of knowledge with respect to the stability of β- carotene from foods and therefore its bioavailability exist. The present study aimed to assess the total and beta- carotene content of 4 vegetables (Coriandum sativum), Amaranth, Red (Amaranthus sp); Green garlic (Allium Sativum) and Mogri (Raphanus caudatus); and study the stability of beta carotene using minimal processing and addition of weak acids from foods, and product development using of coriander leaves. Results indicate that among the four vegetables, beta-carotene content of coriander was highest (2921.79 μg / 100 g) and lowest for mogri (425.15μg/100g). When coriander leaves were macerated alone in an electric mixer grinder and with green chilies, lemon or both, retention of beta carotene was 72.3%, 149.81%, 98.2%, and 182% resp. indicating the enhancing effects of green chillies and lemon juice of β- carotene retention. The fresh coriander leaves when incorporated into a recipe retained 75.47% of total carotene and 74.185 of β- carotene and was found to be highly acceptable using the composite score and hedonic test. The study indicates that minimal processing and usage of green chillies and lime in carotene rich foods enhance its retention. Efforts should be directed towards development of acceptable recipes incorporating green leafy vegetables and thereby resulting in an increased intake of β-carotene rich indigenous foods.
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Twenty five genotypes of coriander were evaluated at Post Graduate Centre, UHS Campus, GKVK, Bangalore to screen the powdery mildew disease resistance, caused by Erisyphe spp is a serious disease. Among the genotypes, seventeen genotypes were highly susceptible, eight genotypes were susceptible and none of them showed resistance reaction.
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Twenty-five coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated to estimate the correlation coefficient and path analysis in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with plant height, plant spread, fresh and dry weight of plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbellet, days to seed maturity and harvest index. The perusal of path analysis revealed that the traits viz., dry weight of plant and harvest index had higher direct and positive contribution towards seed yield. Therefore, great emphasis should be given for aforesaid characters while selecting for growth and yield related traits.
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Se determinó la frecuencia de L. monocytogenes en tomates y cilantro, de tres diferentes supermercados, ubicados en el Municipio Valencia, Estado Carabobo, durante ocho semanas. Se evaluaron 192 muestras: 96 de tomates y 96 de cilantro. Procesamiento y análisis microbiológico, según Normas Industriales COVENIN 3718:2001. Paquete estadístico SPSS versión 12.0. Se aplicó prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov, test de U Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis y correlación de Spearman. Nivel de significancia (pListeria spp para tomates y cilantro, durante las ocho semanas de recolección en los tres supermercados; ni tampoco entre las distribuciones de NMP en tomates y cilantro de los tres supermercados (Chi²=5,233 p2=1,624 p2=6,547 p2=2,667 pListeria spp en tomate fue 41,66 por ciento (25,0 por ciento L. monocytogenes y 16,7 por ciento L. ivanovii); en cilantro 77,08 por ciento (36,5 por ciento L. monocytogenes, 33,3 por ciento L. ivanovii, 7,3 por ciento L. seeligeri). Se concluye que el elevado porcentaje encontrado de L. monocytogenes en tomates y cilantro, es independiente del supermercado de expendio; se evidencia la necesidad de un control microbiológico a nivel del sistema de riego, recolección y distribución, para asegurar la calidad del producto.
The incidence of L. monocytogenes in tomatoes and coriander obtained from three different markets, during eight weeks were determined. 192 samples were evaluated: 96 of tomatoes, and 96 of coriander. The isolation of L. monocytogenes was performed using COVENIN 3718:2001. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 12.0. Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis U test; Spearmans correlation were applied, and pListeria spp to tomatoes and coriander during the eight weeks of recollection in the markets; neither between the distributions of MPN of tomatoes and coriander from the markets (Chi²=5,233 p2=1,624 p2=6,547 p2=2,667 pL. monocytogenes and 16,7 percent L. ivanovii); in coriander 77,08 percent (36,5 percent L. monocytogenes, 33,3 percent L. ivanovii and 7,3 percent L. seelige.). We concluded that the high level of L. monocytogenes in tomatoes and coriander is independent of the markets store; we see the necessity of a microbiological control on the irrigation system, collection and distribution to ensure the quality of the product.