Efecto de la ingesta tipo atracón sobre la preferencia hacia diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz en ratas / Effects of binge eating behavior upon the preference of rats for different corn oil solutions

Resumen La ingesta tipo atracón (binge eating behavior), es un desorden alimentario que se caracteriza por un sobreconsumo de alimentos sabrosos en períodos breves sin que haya un déficit energético. Previamente se ha reportado que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón en ratas empleando grasa vegetal; sin embargo, se ha descrito que el consumo de grasas depende de su forma de presentación. Los sujetos que presentan atracones incremental el consumo del alimento palatable con el que fueron entrenados, pero se desconoce su preferencia cuando se ofrecen otras alternativas con diferente contenido calórico. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el establecimiento de la ingesta tipo atracón empleando una solución de aceite de maíz y, si hay cambios en la preferencia de los sujetos por diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz después de la inducción de ingesta tipo atracón. Para ello, se realizó una línea base de la preferencia de las ratas hacia diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz en condiciones de acceso libre al alimento, empleando la prueba de dos botellas. Posteriormente los sujetos fueron divididos en grupo control y experimental con base en su consumo de aceite y se indujo ingesta tipo atracón en el grupo experimental; finalmente, se reevalúo de nuevo la preferencia de los sujetos en condiciones de acceso libre y, posteriormente, de privación de alimento. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten concluir que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón con aceite de maíz; además, la inducción de la conducta atracón aumenta la preferencia por las concentraciones altas de aceite de maíz y la privación de alimento modula dicha preferencia. Estos hallazgos implican que la regulación energética se mantiene intacta a pesar de la inducción de la conducta de atracón.

Abstract Binge eating behavior is a food intake disorder characterized by an overconsumption of palatable food without an energy deficit. It has been reported the induction of binge eating with vegetable shortening, but also it has been reported that differences may exist on consumption depending upon the fat presentation (as vegetable shortening or corn oil). In addition, there is limited information on whether binge eating may modulate preference for options that differ on their caloric content. Therefore, main objectives were to determine whether is possible to induce binge eating using corn oil as the palatable food and whether preference for different oil concentrations is modified after binge induction. First, we determined the preference of the subjects to different oil concentrations; thereafter subjects were assigned to control (no binge induction) or experimental (binge eating induction protocol) on the basis of their oil consumption. Binge induction lasted one month and then a second two-bottle preference test was carried. Results showed that corn oil may be used as a palatable substance to induce binge eating behavior; also, it was observed an increase in preference for higher oil concentrations induced by binge, but preference was also modulated by deprivation conditions, suggesting normal regulation of caloric intake despite binge induction.

In vitro EVALUATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND MODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF CORN AND SOY FIXED OILS / Evaluación in vitro de la actividad antibacteriana y moduladora de aceites de maíz y soja

Nowadays, it is widely known that resistant pathogenic strains are becoming one of the greatest health problems related to human sciences. It is also known that fatty acids can present antimicrobial activity. The corn and soy oils are rich in fatty acids. In this regard, this work aimed to evaluate antibacterial and modulatory activity of these two industrial fixed oils. Both tests were performed using the microdilution method to Minimum inhibitory concentration under 1024 mg/ml. The aminoglycosides activity was enhanced by combining corn oil using E. coli 27. One of the mechanisms that might explain the synergism toward the corn oil, in part, might be due to the hidrophobic nature of the saturated and unsaturated lipids present in the sample. The results indicate that fixed oils might play a role as an alternative way to potentiate of the antimicrobial drugs.

Hoy en día, es ampliamente conocido que las cepas patógenas resistentes a antibioticos se están convirtiendo en uno de los mayores problemas de salud en el campo de la ciencias de la salud. También se sabe que los ácidos grasos pueden presentar actividad antimicrobiana. Los aceites de maíz y de soja son ricos en ácidos grasos. En este sentido, esta investigacion dirigida para evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y modulador de estos dos aceites fijos usados industrialmente. Ambas pruebas se realizaron utilizando el método de microdilución de concentración inhibitoria mínima en 1,024 mg/ml. La actividad de los aminoglucósidos se mejoró mediante la combinación de aceite de maíz usando E. coli 27. Uno de los mecanismos que podrían explicar la sinergia hacia el aceite de maíz, en parte, podría ser debido a la naturaleza hidrofóbica de los lípidos saturados e insaturados presentes en la muestra. Los resultados indican que los aceites fijos podrían desempeñar un papel como una forma alternativa para potenciar de los fármacos antimicrobianos.

The role of corn oil in type 2 diabetes rats with insulin resistance / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the role of corn oil in the change of serum glucose, serum lipids and insulin in type 2 diabetes rats with insulin resistance, and attempt to find out its mechanism. Method High fat and sugar diet plus low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) was given to establish type 2 diabetes rat with insulin resistance model, the rats of which were randomly divided into normal group, model group, corn oil (0.8 mg/kg) group, rosiglitazone group. After Ig 6 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting insulin (FINS), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were detected. Results Corn oil can elevate the level of HDL in diabetic rat, lower the levels of FBG, TC, TG, LDL, FINS and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Corn oil can improve insulin resistance, and decrease the serum glucose and lipid of type 2 diabetic rats.

High-cholesterol diet with or without corn oil for establishing atheroscle-rotic model in rabbits / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To compare the reliability and plaque area between using high-cholesterol diet and high-cho-lesterol diet with corn oil to establish a rabbit atherosclerotic model .METHODS:Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were ran-domly divided into 3 groups (6 rabbits each):normal diet group (group C), high-cholesterol diet group (group H1) and high-cholesterol diet containing 6%corn oil group (group H2).All rabbits were fed for 12 weeks, and their body mea-sured was weighed at the end of every weeks .The serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , low-den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , total cholesterol ( TC) and triglyceride ( TG) were measured by automatic chemistry analyzer at 0 week and 12 weeks.At the end of 12 weeks, the thoracic aorta of 8-cm length since aortic root was isolated from the rabbit after anesthesia , and stained with Sudan IV or oil red O to verify the existence of plaque .The percentage of plaque area (PA/IA) in the intima area was further calculated by ImageJ 2x software.RESULTS:At the end of 12-week feeding, the serum levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and TC in both group H1 and group H2 were significantly higher than those in group C, and serum TG in group H2 was significantly higher than that in group C .Serum HDL-C in group H2 was signifi-cantly higher than that in group H1, but no significant difference of serum LDL-C, TC and TG between group H1 and group H2 was found .There was no plaque in the intima in group C , and plaques were observed in the intima of all rabbits in group H1 and group H2.Rabbit atherosclerotic models in both group H 1 and group H2 were established with a success rate of 100%.The values of PA/IA in group H1 [(49.74 ±18.78)%] and group H2 [(56.95 ±26.74)%] were both sig-nificantly higher than that in group C (0%), and no significant difference of PA/IA between group H1 and group H2 was observed.CONCLUSION:High-cholesterol diet with or without corn oil can establish a rabbit atherosclerotic model with a success rate of 100%after 12-week feeding , and the percentage of plaque area in the total aortic intimal area is not differ-ent in the 2 feeding methods .

Utilization of agroindustrial residues for lipase production by solid-state fermentation / Utilização de resíduos agroindustriais para produção de lipase por fermentação em estado sólido

The aim of this work was to produce lipases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using, as substrate, agroindustrial residue supplemented with by-products from corn oil refining process or olive oil. For a group of ten fungi strains selected in the first steps, the lipase activity obtained by SSF varied from 7.7 to 58.6 U/g of dry substrate (gds). Among the evaluated strains, the Aspergillus niger mutant 11T53A14 was selected by presenting the best enzymatic production. For the fermentation tests, two substrates were also investigated: wheat bran and corn cob, both supplemented with olive oil. The best results were obtained with wheat bran. Additionally, three industrial by-products from corn oil refining (soapstock, stearin and fatty acids) were evaluated as substitutes to the olive oil in the function of lipases production inducer. Among them, soapstock and stearin were the best inducers, whereas fatty acids presented an inhibitor effect. The highest lipase activities using soapstock, stearin and fatty acids were 62.7 U/gds, 37.7 U/gds and 4.1 U/gds, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir lipases por fermentação em estado sólido (FES) utilizando, como substrato, resíduo agroindustrial enriquecido com subprodutos do processo de refino do óleo de milho ou óleo de oliva. Para um conjunto de dez linhagens de fungos selecionadas nas primeiras etapas, a atividade lipásica obtida por FES variou de 7,7 a 58,6 U/g de substrato seco (gss). Dentre as linhagens avaliadas, o mutante Aspergillusniger 11T53A14 foi selecionado por apresentar a melhor produção enzimática.Para os testes de fermentação, dois substratos foram investigados: farelo de trigo e sabugo de milho, ambos enriquecidos com óleo de oliva. Nestes testes, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com farelo de trigo. Adicionalmente, três subprodutos industriais do refino do óleo de milho (borra, estearina e ácidos graxos) foram avaliados como substitutos do óleo de oliva na função de indutor para a produção de lipases. Dentre eles, borra e estearina demonstraram ser melhores indutores, enquanto ácidos graxos apresentaram um efeito inibidor. As mais altas atividades lipásicas utilizando borra, estearina e ácidos graxos foram 62,7 U/gss, 37,7 U/gss e 4,1 U/gss, respectivamente.

Fontes e níveis de óleos na alimentação de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio L.) na fase de crescimento / Sources and levels of oils in the feeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the phase of growth

Testaram-se neste trabalho, quatro fontes de lipídios (algodão, canola, girassol e milho) e três níveis de inclusão (1, 3 e 5 por cento), na alimentação de carpas comum (Cyprinus carpio L.), incorporadas à dieta, na fase de engorda. Os peixes iniciaram com peso médio inicial de 26,6 ± 2,02g e comprimento médio inicial 11,2 ± 0,09cm respectivamente para os tratamentos. As dietas foram formuladas dentro dos critérios para a espécie e para o sistema de produção, com ingredientes onde a proteína bruta e a energia ficassem estabilizadas em 28 por cento e 2.800 kcal de energia metabolizável/kg de ração, e oferecida na quantidade de 1 por cento do peso vivo ao dia, reajustado a cada 30 dias, na forma peletizada. Cada parcela experimental contou com seis peixes e utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (4 fontes, 3 níveis) com 3 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste F, ao nível de significância de 5 por cento e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As variáveis peso médio final, comprimento médio final, conversão alimentar aparente e sobrevivência não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos testados (P>0,05). Conclui-se, com base nos dados obtidos, que todas fontes e níveis de lipídios utilizados são eficientes na alimentação, devendo, portanto ser utilizado aquele que tiver valor econômico menor no momento. Também se concluiu que os diferentes tipos de rações experimentais não interferiram significativamente nas características do rendimento de carcaça e rendimento de filé.

In this research four lipids sources (cotton, canola, sunflower, corn) and three inclusion levels (1, 3 and 5 percent) were tested in common carp feeding (Cyprinus carpio L.) incorporated to the diet in the fattening stage. The fishes had start medium weight of 26,6 ± 2,02g and start medium length of 11,2 ± 0,09cm. Diets were formulated inside the criteria to the species and to the production system with ingredients in wich gross protein and energy were kept stable in 28 percent and 2800kcal of metabolizable energy/kg of ration. Diets were offered in the quantity of 1 percent of living weight per day readjusted every 30 days in the peletized form. Each experimental parcel comprised six fishes and used an entirely ramdomized design, in factorial (4 sources, 3 levels and 3 repetitions). The data were submitted to variance analisys F test to significant level of 5 percent, and the mediums compared by the Tukey test. The variables final medium weight, final medium length, feed conversion ratio and survival, showed no significant differences between the tested treatments (P>0,05). Based on the collected data, all sources and lipids levels used are efficient in the feeding. Thus, the one with lower economical value should preferably be used.

Effects of Dietary Levels of Corn and Tuna Oils on the Formation of Preneoplastic Lesions in Rat Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis

This study is conducted to determine the effects of dietary levels of corn and tuna oils on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in die-thylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 2.5, 5, 15, 25% (w/w) corn or tuna oils. Hepatocellular carcinogenesis was induced by DEN (200 mg/kg body weight) and two-thirds partial hepactectomy was carried out 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. Tuna oil group showed smaller area of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci than corn oil group. Corn oil group of 25% (w/w) showed the widest area of GST-P positive foci, and tuna oil group showed significantly smaller area of GST-P positive foci than corn oil in 25% (w/w) level but had no differences between oil levels. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was the highest in 25% (w/w) level of tuna oil group fed long chain and highly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activities in 25% level of tuna oil group were significantly higher than by other levels. As oil contents increased, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) seems to decrease in corn oil groups but remained the same in tuna oil groups. Glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly higher in tuna oil group, and the higher the level of tuna oil, the higher GR activities. But Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities didn't seem to be influenced by levels and kind of dietary fats. Therefore, as oil levels increased, corn oil rich in n-6 fatty acids promoted carcinogenesis but tuna oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of n-3 fatty acids suppressed. Although lipid peroxidation products were elevated in 25% (w/w) tuna oil group, GST-P positive foci didn't increase. Therefore preneoplastic lesions might be reduced through mediation of a lipid peroxidation process in tuna oil. As fat contents of tuna oil increased, elevated GR activities may give a rise to produce more reduced glutathione in order to protect against free radical attack, and high G6Pase activities remained the same and they contributed to membrane stability. So tuna oil diet seems to protect hepatocarcinogenesis.

Effects of dietary fish oil on myocardical ischemia and reperfusion in isolated guinea pig heart

No abstract available.