Disección coronaria espontánea posterior a envenenamiento por escorpión / Spontaneous coronary artery dissection following scorpion poisoning

Resumen Hombre de 44 años que acude al servicio de urgencias posterior a picadura de escorpión. Presentaba parestesias, dolor toracoabdominal y náuseas. Desde el momento del ingreso presentó dolor torácico atípico, dolor abdominal epigástrico de intensidad leve, asociado a náuseas. Se realizó electrocardiograma que no evidenció alteraciones. La troponina fue elevada, por lo que se llevó a cuidado intensivo y se inició manejo antiisquémico, corroborando posteriormente en la angiografía una disección coronaria tipo 1 en el ramus intermedio como causante de su evento coronario. El paciente recibió un vial de suero antiescorpiónico en primer nivel de atención y posteriormente se indicó manejo con betabloqueante, antiagregación con ácido acetilsalicílico y clopidogrel, con disminución progresiva de sus síntomas. Es egresado asintomático. Se reporta un caso de infarto agudo de miocardio tipo 2 por disección coronaria posterior a una picadura de escorpión, del cual no hay casos reportados previamente en el mundo.

Abstract A 44-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department after a scorpion sting. He presented paresthesia, thoracoabdominal pain and nausea. From the moment of admission, he presented atypical chest pain, epigastric abdominal pain of mild intensity, associated with nausea. An ECG was taken that did not show alterations, troponin was elevated, he was admitted to intensive care unit, management was initiated, subsequently corroborating in the angiography, a type 1 coronary artery dissection in the intermediate ramus as the cause of coronary event. The patient received a vial of antiscorpionic serum in the first level of care, later treatment with beta-blocker, antiaggregation with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel was indicated, with progressive reduction of his symptoms. He is an asymptomatic graduate. A case of type 2 acute myocardial infarction due to coronary dissection after a scorpion sting is reported, there are no previously reported cases in the world.

Disección coronaria espontánea asociada a lupus eritematoso sistémico / Spontaneous coronary dissection associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

Resumen A 29 year old female with a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed 15 years earlier, presents with lupus nephritis, currently on peritoneal dialysis. She had myopericarditis in 2012 and is currently on immunosuppressants. The patient began with exertional dyspnea and angina 2 weeks before admission. An echocardiogram was performed, reporting severe mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. Afterwards, the patient presented with resting angina associated with an adrenergic and vagal response. Initially, rheumatology ruled out autoimmune activity caused by lupus. We performed a coronary angiogram based on clinical presentation, EKG changes and biomarkers, finding a trivascular coronary artery disease classified as a Markis I coronary artery ectasia and a coronary dissection of the ramus intermedius and the circumflex, posterior to the first obtuse marginal artery. Cardiothoracic surgery considered intervention with a coronary bridge posterior to the dissection of the intermedius ramus artery, marginal obtuse and posterolateral artery, as well as a mitral valve replacement and a tricuspid valve repair. Coronary dissection is more common in women (70%), clinical presentation varies from unstable angina to sudden death. In lupus nephritis, it is an uncommon form of extra renal vasculitis. Treatment depends on the number of arteries affected, as well as the haemodynamic state of the patient. It is imperative to individualize treatment options.

Abstract Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años con antecedente de lupus eritematoso sistémico diagnosticado 15 años antes, que desarrolló nefropatía lúpica actualmente en diálisis peritoneal, cuadro de miopericarditis en 2012 y bajo tratamiento inmunosupresor. Inició con deterioro de su clase funcional por disnea y angina 2 semanas previas al ingreso. Se le realizó ecocardiograma, el cual reportó insuficiencias mitral y tricuspídea graves. Posteriormente presentó angina en reposo asociada a descarga adrenérgica y vagal. A su ingreso se descarta actividad lúpica por reumatología. Por presentación clínica, cambios en electrocardiograma y biomarcadores, se realizó cateterismo cardiaco, que reportó enfermedad coronaria trivascular con ectasia coronaria Markis I y disección coronaria de ramo intermedio y circunfleja posterior a la primera marginal obtusa. Se consideró por el servicio de cirugía cardiotorácica realizar intervención con puente coronario posterior a disección del ramo intermedio, marginal obtusa y posterolateral, así como cambio valvular mitral y plastia tricuspídea. La disección coronaria espontánea es más frecuente en las mujeres (70%); puede presentarse como angina inestable y hasta como muerte súbita. La asociación con lupus eritematoso sistémico es poco frecuente, con una incidencia del 0.42%. En la nefropatía lúpica es una manifestación poco frecuente de vasculitis extrarrenal. El tratamiento de elección depende del número de vasos afectados y del estado hemodinámico, por lo que es necesario individualizarlo para cada paciente.

Disección coronaria espontanea: Reporte de un caso / Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Report of one case / Dissecção coronariana espontânea: Relatório de um caso

Resumen: La disección coronaria espontanea es una causa infrecuente de síndrome coronario agudo, representando 1-4 % de los síndrome coronario agudo. Entidad clínica muy infrecuente, constituyendo un desafío para el equipo de salud, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino 52 años que debuta con clínica de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. La cineangiocoronariografía evidenció disección espontanea del ramo posterolateral de la arteria circunfleja donde se planteó tratamiento médico conservador.

Abstract: Spontaneous coronary dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome, accounting for 1-4% of acute coronary syndrome. Very rare clinical entity, constituting a challenge for the health team, its diagnosis and treatment. The case of a 52-year-old female patient who debuts with acute coronary syndrome clinic without ST elevation. The cineangiocoronarygrafia showed spontaneous dissects the posterolateral bouquet of the circumflex artery where conservative medical treatment was planned

Resumo: A dissecção coronariana espontânea é uma causa rara de síndrome coronariana aguda, representando 1-4% da sindrome coronariana aguda. Entidade clínica muito rara, constituindo um desafio para a equipe de saúde, seus diagnóstico e tratamento. O caso de uma paciente de 52 anos que estreia na clínica sindrome coronariana aguda sem elevação de ST. A cinegicoronariografia apresentou dissecação espontânea do ramo posterolateral da artéria circumflexa onde foi proposto tratamento médico conservador.

Disección coronaria espontánea. Primer reporte a nivel nacional / Spontaneous coronary dissection. First nationwide report / Dissecção coronariana espontânea. Primeiros relatórios em todo o país

Resumen: La disección coronaria espontánea (DCE) es una causa infrecuente de síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), de presentación principalmente en mujeres de mediana edad. Se realizó una revisión de la base de datos institucional, desde la incorporación en nuestro centro de tecnología para adquisición de imagen intracoronaria hasta la actualidad (julio de 2013 a diciembre de 2019). Se encontró DCE en 13 de 4.706 coronariografías diagnósticas (0,3%). Presentamos angiografía y ultrasonografía intracoronaria (IVUS) representativa de lo observado en la serie. La edad media de presentación fue 52 ± 14 años, 11 de los 13 casos eran mujeres. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue 39 ±27 meses. La forma clínica de presentación más frecuente fue SCA sin elevación del ST (6/13). El vaso más frecuentemente afectado fue la arteria descendente anterior (n=8). En todos los casos se registró elevación significativa de troponinas (> percentil 99). Se realizó tratamiento conservador en 11 casos y angioplastia exitosa en dos. Un paciente que recibió tratamiento conservador falleció durante la internación. Se requirió de imagenología intracoronaria en nueve de los 13 casos. Se presenta el primer reporte nacional de DCE, describiendo sus características clínicas, imagenológicas, tratamiento y evolución.

Summary: Spontaneous coronary dissection is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome, particularly in middle-aged women. We made review of the database of our center since the date of acquisition of intracoronary imaging techniques in our laboratory (July 2013 - December 2019). Coronary spontaneous dissection was found in 13 patients of 4706 diagnostic coronary angiograms (0.3%). We present angiography and coronary ultrasonography studies representative of this case series. The mean age of presentation was 52 ± 14 years, 11 of 13 of the cases were women. The mean follow-up time was 39 ± 27 months. The most frequent clinical presentation was acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation 6/13. The most frequently affected vessel was the anterior descending artery (n = 8). In all cases, troponins above the 99 percent were found. Conservative treatment was performed in 11 cases and successful angioplasty in the other two cases. One patient under conservative treatment died during hospitalization. The use of intracoronary imaging was required in 9 of the 13 cases. In conclusion, we present for the first time, a national registry of spontaneous coronary dissection describing its clinical, image, treatment and evolution characteristics.

Resumo: A dissecção coronariana espontânea é uma causa pouco frequente da síndrome coronariana aguda, principalmente em mulheres de meia idade. Realizamos uma revisão do banco de dados de nosso centro a partir da data de aquisição das técnicas de imagem intracoronária em nosso laboratório (julho de 2013 a dezembro de 2019). Dissecção coronariana espontânea foi encontrada em 13 pacientes de 4706 angiografias coronárias diagnósticas (0,3%). Apresentamos angiografia coronariana representativa e estudos ultrassonográficos desta série de casos. A idade média de apresentação foi de 52 ± 14 anos, 11 dos 13 casos eram do sexo feminino. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 39 ± 27 meses. A apresentação clínica mais frequente foi síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST 6/13. O vaso mais acometido foi a artéria descendente anterior (n = 8). Em todos os casos, as troponinas foram encontradas acima de 99%. O tratamento conservador foi realizado em 11 casos e a angioplastia em 2, com sucesso. Um paciente em tratamento conservador morreu durante a internação. O uso de imagens intracoronárias foi necessário em 9 dos 13 casos. Concluindo, relatamos, pela primeira vez, um registro nacional de dissecção coronariana espontânea de que descreve suas características clínicas, de imagem, de tratamento e de evolução.

Management of a Huge Dissection After PCI of Circumflex Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complex procedure carrying the risk of complications that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The successful recanalisation of CTO approaches is 80%. Antegrade approach for the treatment of CTO is the most commonly used method. Significant complications are rare in CTO procedure. During this approach, several complications such as dissection, perforation, occlusion, device embolization or entrapment can occur. CTO operators should be aware of the available strategies for prevention and management of CTO related complications. In this case we describe a conservative management and the clinical outcome of a patient with huge and long coronary dissection in the CTO procedure of a Circumflex Artery (Cx).

Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting as acute myocardial infarction

No abstract available.

Iatrogenic Bidirectional Dissection of the Right Coronary Artery and the Ascending Aorta: The Worst Nightmare for an Interventional Cardiologist

Although rare, iatrogenic aortocoronary dissection is one of the complications most dreaded by the interventional cardiologist. If not managed promptly, it can have redoubted and serious consequences. Herein, we present the case of a 70 year-old woman who was treated by stenting of the second segment of the right coronary artery (RCA) for recurrent angina but, unfortunately, the procedure was complicated by anterograde dissection of the RCA with a simultaneous retrograde propagation to the proximal part of the ascending aorta. Successful stenting of the entry point was able to recuperate the RCA and to limit the retrograde propagation to the ascending aorta, but there was an extension of the dissection to the aortic valve leaflets resulting in a massive aortic insufficiency. Therefore, an isolated surgical aortic valve replacement was performed.

4 Cases of Spontaneous Coronary Dissection in Ischemic Heart Disease

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rarely identified entity whose exact incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, medium-term evolution and optimal treatment have not yet been firmly estabilished. The cause of spontaneous disection remains unclear but theories of etiology include a medial eosinophilic angiitis, pregnancy induced degeneration of collagen and rupture of the vasovasoum. Most paients die suddenly, but a clinical spectrum is seen including and unstable angina, myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. We experienced 4 cases with spontaneous coronary artery dissection found angiographically which caused myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Our patients were treated medically.