ABSTRACT
La reperfusión mecánica simple (RMS) es la lograda en la angioplastia primaria al atravesar la oclusión en la arteria responsable de infarto con la guía intracoronaria. Para evaluar los determinantes de la RMS, su implicación en el pronóstico y su relación con la histopatología del trombo rescatado, fueron analizados los casos de 601 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST y oclusión total de la arteria responsable de infarto (flujo TIMI 0). Se consideraron dos grupos según la presencia de RMS, definida por la visualización de contraste distal a la lesión luego de atravesarla con la guía intracoronaria. Se realizó el análisis histopatológico de los trombos en un subgrupo de 160 pacientes tratados con tromboaspiración. En 303 (50.4%) pacientes se obtuvo RMS. La RMS se asoció a menor ventana al tratamiento (248 vs. 286 minutos, p = 0.001), menor deterioro de la función sistólica ventricular izquierda inicial y shock al ingreso (9.2 vs.16.4%, p = 0.008), mayor tasa de éxito (94.7 vs. 78.5%, p < 0.0001) y de rescate de trombos (70/81 vs. 27/79 pacientes, p < 0.0001). La arteria responsable de infarto más frecuente fue la coronaria derecha. La RMS se asoció con menor tamaño del trombo, menor concentración de leucocitos y eritrocitos y mayor contenido de células inflamatorias, cristales de colesterol y colágeno provenientes de la placa. La RMS es un predictor independiente de éxito y su relación con la anatomía del trombo podría redefinir la indicación de la tromboaspiración.
Simple mechanical reperfusion (SMR) is defined as reperfusion achieved after wire insertion at the occluded infarct-related artery in primary angioplasty. The determinants and prognostic implications of SMR and its relationship with the histopathology of the rescued thrombus were evaluated in 601 patients with acute myocardial infarction showing ST elevation and pre-procedural total occlusion of the infarct-related artery (TIMI flow 0). Two groups were considered according to the presence of SMR, defined as the visualization of contrast material after crossing the occlusion with the guide wire. SMR was achieved in 303 patients (50.4%) and was found to be associated with less time to treatment (248 vs. 286 minutes; p = 0.001), less deteriorated initial left ventricular function and shock at admission (9.2 vs. 16.4%; p = 0.008), higher successful rate (94.7% vs. 78.5%; p < 0,0001) and of higher rate of thrombus rescue: 70/81 vs. 27/79 patients (p < 0.0001). The right coronary artery was the most frequent infarct-related artery. Histopathology of the retrieved thrombi was available for 160 patients treated with thrombus aspiration. SMR was associated with smaller thrombus, lower contents of leukocytes and erythrocytes, and higher thrombus content of inflammatory cells, cholesterol and collagen crystals from the atheromatous plaque. SMR is an independent predictor of procedure success and its relationship with the anatomy of the thrombus could redefine the indication of thrombus aspiration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Thrombosis/surgery , Myocardial Reperfusion/methods , Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Prognosis , Coronary Thrombosis/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Coronary Angiography , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Objective To observe the efficacy of drug treatment of coronary aneurysm complicated with embolism in Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods The clinical data of eight KD children with coronary aneurysm and embolism were retrospectively analyzed. Results Eight KD children (six males and two females) at age of 0.25-5.2 years (mean=2.89) ,were diagnosed with gigantic coronary artery aneurysms. The diameter of aneurysm was around 8.3-13.8mm. Thrombosis appeared from 19 days to five months after coronary aneurysms formation. The onset manifestations included sudden chest pain and myocardial infarction with symptoms of heart failure in one case, shock in one case and no symptom in six cases. The maximum diameter of the thrombus was 2.8 mm×15.4 mm in the shape of funicular. Four cases had thrombus in the right coronary artery, two cases in the left coronary artery, and two cases in both sides. The patients underwent anticoagulant therapy taking heparin, urokinase, warfarin, aspirin and dipyridamole. Anticoagulant therapy was successful in 7 cases and the thrombus was completely dissolved in 7 days to more than 4 months. One case had recurrent coronary thrombosis after 4 months. One case died in 12 hours after thrombolysis. Conclusions Coronary thrombosis usually appears in the half year after the onset of KD coronary aneurysm. Thrombolysis therapy takes long time in Kawasaki patients. Breaking off of thrombus are rarely seen.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La microembolización se asocia a más eventos cardiovasculares adversos (MACE) especialmente en angioplastía (PTCA) de puentes venosos aortocoronarios (PAC) o en síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). El stent MGuard evitaría la embolización distal. Nuestro objetivo: evaluar el stent con micromalla de dacron como alternativa de protección embólica. Métodos: Registro prospectivo de PTCA con stent MGuard en de SCA de PAC y vasos nativos. Resultados: 15 angioplastias, de ellas 53 por ciento con infarto agudo miocárdico con supradesnivel de ST (IAM con SDST). PTCA en vasos nativos: 60 por ciento y PAC: 40 por ciento (antigüedad: 13 +/- 3 años). El 53 por ciento tuvo flujo inicial TIMI 0-1, alto contenido trombótico (66 por ciento: 4-5 en escala de trombos TIMI). Se predilató la lesión en 73 por ciento de los casos, se empleó Reopro en 2 casos, no se usó filtros de protección ni aspirador de trombos. Las dimensiones del stent MGuard: 22.2 +/- 4.4 mm de largo por 3.7 +/- 0.44 mm de diámetro. El 100 por ciento con flujo TIMI 3 final, 93 por ciento con impregnación miocárdica grado 3. Subgrupo de IAM con SDST: 71 por ciento obtuvo < 23 cuadros TIMI/segundo, 100 por ciento con regresión del SDST mayor de 50 por ciento a 90 minutos de PTCA. Subgrupo de PTCA de PAC: (excepto caso de PTCA de PAC en IAM c/SDST) no se registró elevación de la CK total o MB post PTCA. Seguimiento: un caso de trombosis al mes. Conclusión: El MGuard stent parece ser efectivo en la protección de la microcirculación. Se requieren estudios para evaluar la seguridad clínica y eficacia en protección embólica.
Background: Coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is associated to a greater incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with stenosis of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and in those with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The MGuard stent, a device with a dacron micro mesh, is currently being evaluated for the prevention of distal thrombotic embolization in these patients. Aim to evaluate the MGuard stent, for the prevention of distal embolization. Methods: analysis of a prospective registry of patients submitted to PTCA for ACS in native coronary arteries or occluded SVG using the MGuard stent. Results: 15 PTCA procedures were performed, 53 percent in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STE-MI). PTCA was performed in native vessels in 60 percent patients and in SVG in 40 percent. Interval from surgery in these patients was 13+/-3 years. 53 percent of patients had initial TIMI fow rate 0-1 and 66 percent had a thrombotic load of 4-5 (TIMI scale). Lesions were predilated in 73 percent of cases; abxicimab was used in 2 patients and no protection filters or thrombus aspiration were performed. MGuard stent dimensions were 22.2+/-4.4 mm in length, and 3.7+/-0.44 mm in diameter. Final TIMI 3 fow was observed in all patients; 93 percent of then had grade 3 myocardial impregnation. In the subgroup of patients with STE-MI, a 23 frames/sec TIMI frame count was observed with >50 percent reduction of ST elevation 90 min after PTCA. In patients with SVG, except one patient with ACS, no elevation of total or MB- CK was observed. Follow up revealed reocclusion in 1 patient, 1 month after the procedure. Conclusion: The MGuard stent appears to be an effective device to protect the microcirculation form distal embolization during PTCA. Studies with larger number of patients and extended periods of follow up are encouraged by these results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation , Embolism/prevention & control , Stents , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
The simultaneous presentation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the right and left coronary arteriesis rare. Diabetes mellitus (DM), thrombus due to multivessel spasm, AMI with hypercoagulation,and hypoperfusion of other coronary arteries after an AMI may cause the simultaneous occurrence of right and left coronary artery infarctions. If emergency coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis, and coronary artery bypass surgery) is not performed immediately, the mortality rate is very high due to the development of cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmia. Here, we report a number of cases involving the simultaneous development of AMIin two coronary arteries and discuss the importance of rapid revascularization.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Vessels , Diabetes Mellitus , Emergencies , Infarction , Myocardial Infarction , Shock, Cardiogenic , Spasm , ThrombosisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate clinical and procedural characteristics and outcomes of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) caused by drug-eluting stent(DES) thrombosis undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods From October 2004 to June 2007,31 patients with STEMI due to definite DES thrombosis who received primary PCI were retrospectively studied(ST group).Baseline clinical,angiographic,PCI procedural features and 1-year outcomes were recorded.Another consecutive 93 patients with STEMI due to de novo coronary thrombosis were served as control group.The primary endpoint was cumulative rate of major adverse cardiac events(MACE),including death,reoccurrence of myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization(TVR),during hospitalization and at 1-year follow-up.Results Compared with the control group,patients in ST group were older(69.9?11.4 y and 63.7?13.6 y,P=0.01) and higher comorbidity rates of diabetes(41.9% and 22.6%,P=0.04)and previous history of myocardial infarction(29.0% and 11.8%,P=0.02).The occurrence of TIMI 3 flow immediately after primary PCI was reduced(45.2% and 92.5%,P