Tratamiento laparoscópico de masas anexiales en el embarazo: reporte de dos casos / Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in pregnancy: Report of two cases

Resumen ANTECEDENTES Las masas ováricas detectadas durante el embarazo tienden a la desaparición espontánea. Casi siempre se trata de quistes funcionales, foliculares, cuerpos lúteos y quistes tecaluteínicos. CASO CLÍNICO Se reportan dos casos de pacientes en el segundo trimestre del embarazo en quienes se estableció el diagnóstico de masas anexiales en la ecografía del primer trimestre, con aumento del tamaño y dolor. CONCLUSIONES El riesgo de malignidad en pacientes con masas anexiales es muy bajo y el tratamiento quirúrgico está determinado por los síntomas de dolor o crecimiento rápido. En estas pacientes el acceso laparoscópico es factible y debe considerarse una alternativa segura.

Abstract BACKGROUND Ovarian masses detected during pregnancy tend to spontaneously disappear. It is almost always functional cysts, follicular, corpora lutea and tecaluteinic cysts. CLINICAL CASE Two cases of patients in the second trimester of pregnancy were reported in whom the diagnosis of adnexal masses was established in the ultrasound of the first trimester, with an increase in size and pain. CONCLUSIONS The risk of malignancy in patients with adnexal masses is very low and surgical treatment is determined by symptoms of pain or rapid growth. In these patients, laparoscopic access is feasible and should be considered a safe alternative.

Morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of peccaries (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) throughout the estrous cycle / Morfologia e vascularização do corpo lúteo de catetos (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) ao longo do ciclo estral

The current paper characterizes the changes in morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of collared peccaries during the estrous cycle and correlates progesterone synthesis (P4). Twenty females were subjected to a treatment for estrus synchronization; an ear implant containing 1.5 mg of norgestomet was implanted on D0, whereas on D9 the peccaries received an IM injection of eCG 200UI and 50g of PGF2a. The animals were divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and euthanized on post-ovulation days 3, 12, 18 and 22. The ovaries were collected and the corpora lutea were measured and processed for histological and vascular density (Dv). Blood was collected for dosage of P4 serum. The morphology of the ovaries, the corpora lutea and P4 varied significantly during the estrous cycle (P<0.001). There was a significant co-relationship between weight and length of the ovaries and CL (r = 0.66, r = 0.52, P<0.05, respectively) and between weight, length and width of the CL and P4 (r = 0.51, r = 0.54 and r = 0.68, P<0.05, respectively). The luteal Dv was highly influenced by the estrous cycle phase (P<0.0001). The P4 and luteal Dv concentrations were higher in G2 and evidenced maximum secretory activity, with a highly significant correlation (P<0.0001). Assessed lutein parameters may estimate the phase of the estrous cycle in peccaries and the functional activity of the corpus luteum.

Objetivou-se caracterizar as variações na morfologia e vascularização do corpo lúteo (CL) de catetos durante ciclo estral (CE) e correlacioná-las com a concentração de progesterona (P4). Vinte fêmeas de cateto foram submetidas a tratamento de sincronização do estro; no D0 receberam implante auricular contendo 1,5mg de norgestomet, no D9 injeção via IM de 200UI de eCG e 50µg de PGF2α. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3 e G4) e eutanasiados nos dias três, 12, 18 e 22 pós-ovulação. Os ovários foram coletados e os CL foram mensurados e processados para avaliação histológica e da densidade vascular (Dv). O sangue foi coletado para dosagem da P4 sérica. A morfologia dos ovários, CL e a concentração de P4 variaram significativamente durante o CE (P<0,001). Houve correlação significativa entre peso e comprimento dos ovários e CL (r = 0,66, r = 0,52, P<0,05, respectivamente) e entre peso, comprimento e largura do CL e a concentração de P4 (r=0,51, r=0,54 e r=0,68; P<0,05, respectivamente). A Dv do CL se mostrou muito influenciada pela fase do CE (P<0,001) e apresentou alta correlação significativa (P< 0,001). No G2 os maiores valores de P4 e Dv confirmaram máxima atividade secretória do CL nesse estádio. Os parâmetros luteínicos avaliados podem ser usados para estimar a fase do ciclo estral em catetos e a atividade funcional do CL.

Frecuencia de presentación de gestación con relación al cuerno uterino en bovinos del trópico colombiano / Frequency of Occurrence of Pregnancy in Relation to Uterine Horn in Cattle in the Colombian Tropics / Frequência de apresentação de gestação com relação ao corno uterino em bovinos do trópico colombi

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de presentación de la gestación en los cuernos uterinos derecho e izquierdo en vacas del trópico colombiano. Se diagnosticaron 1534 vacas gestantes por palpación rectal y se indicó el cuerno gestante (izquierdo o derecho). Adicionalmente, se palparon 618 vacas no gestantes cíclicas y se determinó la presencia de cuerpo lúteo (CL) o folículo (F), y se identificó el ovario (derecho o izquierdo) que contenía la estructura. En las vacas gestantes, los porcentajes de gestación derecha e izquierda fueron de 63,1% (968/1534) y 36,9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0,01), y en las vacas no gestantes, el 69% de los CL y el 68% de los F se encontraron en el ovario derecho (p ≤ 0,01). También se inspeccionaron 300 tractos reproductivos de vacas gestantes y 300 de vacas no gestantes, pero con presencia de CL y F. En los tractos gestantes, los porcentajes de gestación derecha e izquierda fueron de 67,3% y 32,7% (p ≤ 0,01), y en los no gestantes, el 68% de los CL y el 65% de los F se encontraron en el ovario derecho (p ≤ 0,01). Se concluye que el mayor porcentaje de gestaciones en el ganado bovino del trópico colombiano se presenta en el cuerno derecho, y que la mayor presencia de CL y F se encuentra también en el ovario derecho.

This paper aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of pregnancy in the right and left uterine horns of cattle in the Colombian tropics. Rectal palpation was performed in 1,534 cows to diagnose pregnancy and to indicate the pregnant horn (left or right). Additionally, 618 non-pregnant cows were examined to determine the presence of corpora lutea (CL) or follicle (F), and to identify the ovary (right or left) containing them. In pregnant cows, the percentages of right and left gestation were 63.1% (968/1534) and 36.9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0.01), respectively, and in non-pregnant cows, 69% of CL and 68% of F were found in the right ovary (p ≤ 0.01). Similarly, reproductive tracts of 300 pregnant cows were inspected, as well as those of 300 non-pregnant cows but with CL and F present. In pregnant tracts, the percentages of right and left gestation were 67.3% and 32.7% (p ≤ 0.01), respectively, and in non-pregnant cattle, 68% of CL and 65% of F were found in the right ovary (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the highest percentage of pregnancies in cattle in the Colombian tropics is presented in the right horn; an increased presence of CL and F was also found in the right ovary.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a frequência de apresentação da gestação nos cornos uterinos direito e esquerdo em vacas do trópico colombiano. Diagnosticaram-se 1534 vacas gestantes por palpação retal e se indicou o corno gestante (esquerdo ou direito). Adicionalmente, se palparam 618 vacas não gestantes cíclicas e se determinou a presença de corpo lúteo (CL) ou folículo (F), e se identificou o ovário (direito ou esquerdo) que continha a estrutura. Nas vacas gestantes, as porcentagens de gestação direita e esquerda foram de 63,1% (968/1534) e 36,9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0,01), e nas vacas não gestantes, o 69% dos CL e o 68% dos F se encontraram no ovário direito (p ≤ 0,01). Também se inspecionaram 300 tratos reprodutivos de vacas gestantes e 300 de vacas não gestantes, mas com presença de CL e F. nos tratos gestantes, as porcentagens de gestação direita e esquerda foram de 67,3% e 32,7% (p ≤ 0,01), e nos não gestantes, o 68% dos CL e o 65% dos F se encontraram no ovário direito (p ≤ 0,01). Conclui-se que a maior porcentagem de gestações no gado bovino do trópico colombiano se apresenta no corno direito, e que no ovário direito é onde se encontra a maior presença de CL e F.

Efectos de la selección y de la superovulación en las pérdidas gestacionales de ratonas CF1 / Effects of selection and superovulation on gestational losses in CF1 mice

En un par de líneas de ratones seleccionadas para alto (s') y bajo peso (s), originadas a partir de una población no seleccionada de la cepa CF1 (t), se modificó la estructura ovárica. El diámetro de los folículos ováricos y el número de folículos y de cuerpos lúteos se incrementaron en las hembras de la línea s', sin expresarse en un mayor tamaño de camada al nacimiento, posiblemente, por un aumento de las pérdidas gestacionales. Se probó si los efectos conjuntos de la selección de peso a largo plazo y de la estimulación ovárica incrementaban las pérdidas gestacionales. Se utilizaron dos grupos de hembras por línea: sin y con estimulación ovárica (5UI de eCG y 5UI de hCG). Las hembras se sacrificaron a las 56-72 hs y a los 7 días postservicio y después de la primera parición. Se observaron los números de cuerpos lúteos (CL), embriones (E) y sitios de implantación (SI) y el tamaño de camada al nacimiento (TC). Se estimaron las pérdidas totales (PT) y las pérdidas de cuerpos lúteos (PCL), de embriones (PE) y de fetos (PF). Los promedios de CL, E, SI y TC variaron en el mismo sentido de la selección practicada y fueron significativamente mayores (P<0,05) para las hembras estimuladas, a excepción de TC. La línea s' tuvo un potencial reproductivo superior pero un mayor costo biológico (mayor PT y más tardía) cuando se la comparó con las otras líneas. La estimulación ovárica produjo menores eficiencias reproductivas totales para las tres líneas y pérdidas gestacionales mayores y más tardías, principalmente de SI. Las hembras de la línea no seleccionada (t), no estimuladas, con pesos intermedios, parieron un mayor número de crías, partiendo de un número intermedio de CL, E y SI, con una menor y más temprana mortalidad embrionaria, demostrando ser las más eficientes desde el punto de vista reproductivo y productivo.

The ovarian structure was modified as a consequence of weight selection in a pair of mouse lines selected for high (s') and low weight (s). Lines were founded from an unselected population of CF1 strain (t). The follicle diameter and the number of the ovarian follicles and the corpora lutea were higher in s' females, but they did not reach a larger litter size at birth, may be, by an increase in the gestational losses. In these lines, the co-effects of long-term weight selection and ovarian stimulation were tested to evaluate if they increased gestational losses. Two groups of females per line were employed: without and with ovarian stimulation (5UI of eCG and 5UI of hCG). Females were slaughtered at 56-72hs and at 7 days post-breeding and after first parturition. The number of corpora lutea (CL), embryos (E) and implantation sites (SI), and litter size at birth (TC) were observed. Total losses (PT) and corpora lutea (PCL), embryo (PE) and fetus (PF) losses were estimated. Mean CL, E, SI and TC varied in the same direction of the selection made and they were significantly higher (P<0.05) in stimulated females, though not for TC. Line s' had a higher reproductive potential but a greater biological cost (higher and later gestational mortality) when compared with the other lines. Ovarian stimulation produced lower total reproductive efficiencies for the three lines and higher and later gestational losses, mainly for implantation sites. Females from unselected line (t), without ovarian stimulation, with intermediate weights, bore larger litters, starting from an intermediate number of CL, E and SI, with a lower and earlier embryo mortality, showing to be the most efficient from a reproductive and productive point of view.