Relación de la postura corporal con las maloclusiones en adolescentes de un área de salud / Relationship of the corporal position with malocclusions in adolescents from a health area

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 120 adolescentes de 16 a 18 años de edad, asistidos en la Clínica Estomatológica del Policlínico Docente "José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, de septiembre a diciembre del 2015, con vistas a identificar diversas características oclusales y su relación con la postura corporal. En la serie sobresalieron las maloclusiones anteroposteriores, con 53,3 % de sus integrantes, de los cuales un igual porcentaje presentó postura frontal equilibrada y el resto, desequilibrada (21,4 % hacia la derecha y 28,6 % hacia la izquierda). Se concluyó que en los adolescentes examinados predominaban las anomalías de las oclusiones transversales y las alteraciones en los planos frontales; además existieron evidencias suficientes para afirmar que la asociación entre las maloclusiones y la postura corporal era estadísticamente significativa

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 120 adolescents aged 16 to 18, assisted in the Stomatological Clinic of "José Martí Pérez" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from September to December, 2015, aimed at identifying diverse occlusal characteristics and their relationship with the corporal position. In the series the anteroposterior malocclusions prevailed, with 53.3% members, of which an equal percentage presented balanced front posture and the rest, unbalanced position (21.4% toward the right and 28.6% toward the left). It was concluded that in the examined adolescents the anomalies of the cross-sectional occlusions and the alterations in the front planes prevailed; also there were enough evidences to affirm that the association between the malocclusions and the corporal position was statistically significant

Análise cinemática tridimensional do manuseio de carga na construção civil / Three-dimensional analysis of manual transportation of load in the civil construction

O presente estudo aborda a simulação da atividade de descarga manual de sacos de cimento (m = 50kg) sob o enfoque biomecânico do movimento com o objetivo de identificar as alturas de descarregamento mais favoráveis para a preservação das estruturas musculoesqueléticas do trabalhador. Foram realizados estudos preliminares com fotos e filmagens da situação real para então efetuar a simulação em laboratório utilizando procedimentos de cinemetria tridimensional. Alguns pontos são discutidos no artigo, como o posicionamento vertical do cotovelo, situações que apresentam maiores valores quanto à aceleração do movimento, inclinação da coluna vertebral e movimentação corporal durante o instante de recebimento das sacas. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que, das diferentes alturas de descarga que foram simuladas, a que se mostrou mais favorável foi a de 1,2 metro a partir do solo, em que a extensão do braço não ultrapassa a linha dos ombros.

The present study deals with the simulation of the activity of unloading cement bags (m=50kg) manually, under the biomechanical movement focus, aiming at protecting workers' muscle-skeletal structure by identifying the most favorable unloading height. A real situation was first photographed and filmed and then, by means of three-dimensional cinemetry, used as simulation in laboratory. Some body movements, such as the upright positioning of the elbow, inclination of the vertebral column and the way the sacs are caught, are discussed in the article as presenting the highest referring values concerning acceleration of the movement. Analysis of results led us to the conclusion that, from the different unloading heights that had been simulated, the most favorable one is 1.2 meters from the ground, when the arm does not go upper than the shoulders line.