ABSTRACT
Objective To establish an in vitro skin sensitization test,human cell line activation test (h-CLAT),based on THP-1 cell line (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line),and to assess the sensitizing potency of plant raw materials of chemical and cosmetic products by this in vitro skin sensitization test.Method THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to 11 reference skin sensitization chemicals and 9 samples,by monitoring the cell viability,cell surface marker CD54 /CD86 and relative fluorescence intensity of cells surface after the cells was exposures to the substances,and to discover whether there is a positive reaction.At the same time,Buehler test was used to validate the results of samples tested by h-CLAT.Results 11 reference chemicals were distinguished correctly by h-CLAT.Among the 9 samples tested,7 samples were recognized as negative sensitizer and 2 plant extracted substances were identified as suspicious skin sensitizer.The qualitative classification of the 9 samples by h-CLAT test was consistent with the results obtained by animal test.Conclusions The h-CLAT-in vitro test can be used to replace some animal tests for the prediction of soluble skin sensitizing substances.
ABSTRACT
Os argilominerais apresentam estrutura cristalina em camadas, fazendo parte do grupo de minerais denominados filossilicatos. Possuem composição química e propriedades físicas e físico-químicas singulares, como tamanho coloidal inferior a 2?m, elevada área superficial específica, capacidade de sorção e de troca iônica, sensação agradável quando aplicado na pele e características plásticas e tixotrópicas. Devido a isso, tais minerais são adequados a serem usados em produtos de uso tópico. De fato, suas propriedades já eram conhecidas e exploradas desde a pré-história com relatos de seu uso no tratamento de feridas e para a limpeza da pele. Este artigo de revisão enfatiza a importância desses minerais no uso em cosméticos, onde podem exercer diversas funções, como excipiente ou como componente ativo, sendo incluídos em inúmeros produtos, tais como emulsões para o cuidado da pele, máscaras faciais, protetores solares, produtos para limpeza da pele, xampus e produtos de maquiagem. O aumento verificado nos últimos anos no uso de produtos naturais, associado a uma maior conscientização da necessidade de preservação do meio ambiente, tem despertado crescente interesse pelos argilominerais. O Brasil, como detentor de uma das maiores reservas mundiais de argila é o terceiro país maior depositário de patentes nessa área. Considerando o amplo potencial de utilização dos argilominerais, pode-se afirmar que eles constituem grandes oportunidades para a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos cosméticos.(AU)
The clay minerals have layered crystal structure, they are part of the mineral group called phyllosilicates. They have chemical composition and physical and physico- chemical properties different, such as colloidal size less than 2?m, high specific surface area, sorption and ion exchange capacities, pleasant sensation when applied to skin, and plastic and thixotropic characteristics. Because of this they are suitable to be used in topical products. In fact, their properties were already known and exploited since prehistoric times with reports of its use in the treatment of wounds and as for cleaning the skin. This review paper emphasizes the importance of these minerals in use in cosmetics, which can perform various functions, both as an excipient or as an active component, and have been included in numerous products, such as skin care emulsions, facial masks, sunscreens, cleansers skin, shampoos and makeup products. The increase over recent years in the use of natural products, associated with a greater awareness of the need to preserve the environment, it has attracted increasing interest in clay minerals. Brazil, as a holder of one of the world?s largest reserves from clay has the third biggest depository of patents in this area. Considering the wide potential use of clay minerals, it can be stated they are great opportunities for research and development of new cosmetic products.(AU)
Subject(s)
Clay , Cosmetics , Biological ProductsABSTRACT
Abstract: Since the ancient times Mongolian traditional medicine widely used a sheep’s fat tail. As sheep fat tail oil is natural originated pure product, which has high concentration of unsaturated acid and valuable treatment and nutritional efficiency, this study was conducted to identify the possibility to use sheep fat tail oil instead of cosmetic raw material. We prepared bodylotion, bodycream and bodybutter base from sheep fat tail and determined “pH” MNS 1474:2000, “Acid number” MNS 1131:2000, “Heat stability” MNS 4961:2000 and microbiological analysis. From our results it is shown that cosmetic products, meets the standard requirements. Key words: sheep fat tail, cosmetic products
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BACKGROUND: Currently, cosmetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Sweden) is the most widely used cosmetic-related patch test in Korea. However, no studies have been conducted on how accurately it reflects the constituents of the cosmetics in Korea. OBJECTIVE: We surveyed the constituents of various cosmetics and compare with the cosmetic series, to investigate whether it is accurate in determining allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics sold in Korea. METHODS: Cosmetics were classified into 11 categories and the survey was conducted on the constituents of 55 cosmetics, with 5 cosmetics in each category. The surveyed constituents were classified by chemical function and compared with the antigens of cosmetic series. RESULTS: 155 constituents were found in 55 cosmetics, and 74 (47.7%) of constituents were included as antigen. Among them, only 20 constituents (27.0%) were included in cosmetic series. A significant number of constituents, such as fragrance, vehicle and surfactant were not included. Only 41.7% of antigens in cosmetic series were found to be in the cosmetics sampled. CONCLUSION: The constituents not included in the patch test but possess antigenicity are widely used in cosmetics. Therefore, the patch test should be modified to reflect ingredients in the marketed products that may stimulate allergies.
Subject(s)
Cosmetics , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Hypersensitivity , Korea , Patch TestsABSTRACT
Apesar de não ser desejável, alguns produtos cosméticos podem apresentar reações adversas aos usuários. Tais efeitos, muitas vezes, podem ser decorrentes de fatores individuais ou até mesmo pelo uso inadequado do produto. Logo, os ensaios biológicos para avaliação de segurança devem preceder a colocação do cosmético no mercado. Historicamente, estes ensaios sempre foram realizados in vivo, em animais, uma vez que podem ser utilizados para avaliar grande parte dos riscos potenciais envolvidos, seja irritação, alergia ou efeitos sistêmicos; todavia, atualmente alguns centros de pesquisa estão adotando alternativas in vitro aos ensaios com animais. Esta revisão enfatiza a necessidade de realização de ensaios biológicos para avaliação de segurança de produtos cosméticos, bem como apresenta os principais testes in vivo e in vitro empregados, abordando a necessidade de aplicar-se métodos alternativos aos ensaios in vivo na avaliação de segurança dos mesmos, de forma a oferecer aos consumidores o máximo de segurança com o menor risco, garantindo as melhores condições de uso do produto.
Despite efforts to the contrary, some cosmetic products can cause undesirable side effects in the users. These may often be due to individual factors or inappropriate use of the product. Thus, biological assays to assess the safety of a new cosmetic must precede its being placed on the market. Historically, these tests have always been carried out in vivo, in animals, since such tests can be used to evaluate many of the potential risks, such as irritation, allergy or systemic effects; but, recently, some research centers have been adopting in vitro alternatives, in order to replace the animal tests. This review emphasizes the need to employ biological assays to test the safety of cosmetic products, and reviews the main in vivo and in vitro tests used, focusing on the need to develop and use alternatives to the in vivo assays of product safety, so as to offer the consumers the maximum safety with the least possible risk, while ensuring the best conditions of use of the product.