Consequences of chronic non-cancer pain in adulthood. scoping review / Consecuencias del dolor crónico no oncológico en la edad adulta. scoping review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine and map the consequences of chronic pain in adulthood. METHOD Documents addressing the impact of chronic pain on the psychological and social spheres of people suffering from chronic pain, published in Spanish and English between 2013 and 2018, were included. Those who addressed pharmacological treatments, chronic pain resulting from surgical interventions or who did not have access to the full text were excluded. Finally, 28 documents from the 485 reviewed were included RESULTS Studies show that pain is related to high rates of limitation in daily activities, sleep disorders and anxiety-depression spectrum disorders. People in pain have more problems to get the workday done and to maintain social relationships. Chronic pain is also associated with worse family functioning. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that limitations in the ability to perform activities of daily living, sleep, psychological health, social and work resources and family functioning are lines of interest in published articles. However, knowledge gaps are detected in areas such as the influence of having suffered pain in childhood or adolescence, the consequences of non-fulfillment of working hours and gender inequalities.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Examinar y mapear las consecuencias del dolor crónico en la edad adulta. MÉTODO Se incluyeron documentos que abordaban las repercusiones del dolor crónico en las esferas psicológica y social de las personas que lo padecen, publicados en español e inglés entre los años 2013-2018. Aquellos que abordaban tratamientos farmacológicos, dolor crónico derivado de intervenciones quirúrgicas o que no tenían acceso a texto completo fueron excluidos. Finalmente, se incluyeron 28 documentos de los 485 revisados. RESULTADOS Los estudios muestran que el dolor se relaciona con altas tasas de limitación en las actividades de la vida diaria, alteraciones del sueño y trastornos del espectro ansiedad-depresión. Las personas con dolor experimentan más problemas para rendir en la jornada laboral y mantener relaciones sociales. Con respecto a la familia, el dolor crónico se ha asociado con un peor funcionamiento familiar. CONCLUSIONES Esta revisión pone de manifiesto que las limitaciones en la capacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, el sueño, la salud psicológica, los recursos sociales y laborales y el funcionamiento familiar son líneas de interés en los trabajos publicados. Sin embargo, se detectan lagunas de conocimiento en áreas como la influencia de haber padecido dolor en la infancia o adolescencia, las consecuencias por incumplimiento de la jornada laboral y las desigualdades de género.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation: evaluation of its economic impact on the costs of cardiac surgery

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to calculate the direct costs of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in a high-complexity cardiovascular hospital. Methods: We performed a cost analysis with a pairwise-matched design. Twenty-two patients with POAF and 22 patients without this complication were included. Pair-matching was performed (1:1) based on the following criteria: identical type of surgery, similar EuroSCORE II values, and absence of any other postoperative complication. Results: The total hospital cost was significantly higher in the POAF group than in the non-POAF group (US$ 10,880 [± 2,688] vs. US$ 8,856 [± 1,782], respectively, for each patient; P=0.005). This difference was attributable to postoperative costs (US$ 3,103 [± 1,552] vs. US$ 1,238 [± 429]; P=0.0001) for patients with or without POAF, respectively. The median postoperative lengths of stay were 9 (range 5-17) and 5 (3-9) days for patients with and without POAF (P=0.032), respectively. Preoperatively, no differences were found in the EuroSCORE II values (median 1.7 vs. 1.6, respectively; P=0.91) or direct costs (US$ 1,127 vs. US$ 1,063, respectively; P=0.56) between POAF and non-POAF groups. Conclusion: POAF generates a high economic burden in the overall costs of cardiac surgery, and our results reveal the differential contribution of each of the evaluated factors. This information, which was previously unavailable in this setting, is essential for the development of more effective prevention strategies.

Bases conceptuales y metodológicas para estimar el costo de las enfermedades neumocócicas en niños en el primer nivel de atención de salud / Conceptual and methodological bases for estimating the cost of pneumococcal diseases in children in the primary health care

Introducción: Conocer el costo de la enfermedad neumocócica en niños es necesario para la asignación y gestión de los recursos destinados a su tratamiento y para respaldar los estudios dirigidos al costo efectividad de intervenciones preventivas. Objetivo: Describir las estrategias metodológicas empleadas para la estimación del costo de la atención a la enfermedad neumocócica en niños en el primer nivel de atención de salud. Fuente de los datos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental.Se utilizó como estrategia de búsqueda: costo, enfermedad neumocócica, atención primaria de salud y niños. Se incluyeron aquellos artículos en español e inglés, indexados en Scielo, PubMed o en el Schoolar Google. Se identificaron 17 publicaciones. Síntesis de los datos: El tratamiento dado a los aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos fue similar en todos los estudios. Entre los desenlaces clínicos se consideró la meningitis, la sepsis, la neumonía y la otitis media. La perspectiva más frecuentemente empleada fue la institucional. Los estudios se enfocaron en el costo directos médicos a partir de las partidas de salario, pruebas diagnósticas y medicamentos. Como estrategia para el costeo se combinaron los métodos Arriba-Abajo, Abajo-Arriba o Microcosteo y Caso Tipo o Estándar. Conclusiones: Son escasos los estudios de costos de la enfermedad neumocócica en niños que incluyan el primer nivel de atención. Los diseños metodológicos se asociaron a evaluaciones económicas completas, incluyen a la mayoría de los desenlaces clínicos y se enfocan en los costos institucionales. La combinación de diferentes métodos de costeo caracteriza el estudio de esta temática(AU)

Introduction: It is required to know the cost of pneumococcal disease in children in order to allocate and manage the adequate resources for treatment and to support the cost-effectiveness study of preventive interventions. Objective: To describe the methodological strategies for estimation of the cost of care for pneumococcal disease in children at the primary health care. Data source: A literature and documentary review was made in which the search strategy comprised cost, pneumococcal disease, primary health care and children. Those articles in Spanish and English indexed in Scielo, PubMed and in Schoolar Google were included. Seventeen publications were identified. Data synthesis: The conceptual and methodological aspects were addressed in a similar way in all the studies. Among the clinical outcomes were meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia and otitis media. The most frequently used perspective was institutional one. The studies focused on direct medical costs on the basis of salary items, diagnostic tests and medications. The cost strategy combined the Top-Down, the Down-Up or Microcosts and Type or Standard Case methods. Conclusions: There are few studies on the pneumococcal disease cost in children at the primary health care. The methodological designs are associated with comprehensive economic assessments, include most of the clinical outcomes, and focus on institutional costs. The combination of different costing methods characterizes the study of this topic(AU)

Los costos de la enfermedad laboral: revisión de literatura / The cost of occupational disease: a literature review / Os custos da doença profissional: revisão de literatura

OBJETIVO: identificar el estado de desarrollo de la investigación sobre los costos de la enfermedad laboral que ha sido publicada en la literatura durante la última década en el mundo. METODOLOGIA: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura, altamente sensible, con el objetivo de identificar publicaciones que se adaptaran a los criterios de inclusión predefinidos por los autores. Se consultaron bases de datos como Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Online Wiley, Embase y Springer. El periodo de tiempo consultado fue 2000-2013. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 54 artículos, de los cuales el mayor porcentaje están escritos en inglés, la mayoría fue producto de investigaciones realizadas en Estados Unidos. La metodología utilizada principalmente por los autores de los artículos fue del tipo de estudios de carga y costos de la enfermedad. Los costos incluidos en estas publicaciones fueron directos e indirectos en su mayoría y la perspectiva predominante fue la de tipo social. CONCLUSIONES: Las economías más avanzadas del mundo son las que en su mayoría realizan este tipo de investigaciones, balance que resalta la importancia de realizar estos estudios para economías de países en desarrollo. Con respecto al lenguaje de publicación solamente se encontraron publicaciones en español realizadas en España, de ahí que sea necesario adelantar más estudios de este tipo en Latinoamérica.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the status of the research on the cost of occupational disease that have been published in the literature around the world during the last ten years. METHODS: a systematic review of the literature was carried out in order to identify publications matching the inclusion criteria predefined by the authors. Databases such as Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Online Wiley, Embase and Springer were used. The period analyzed was 2000-2013. RESULTS: Fifty four papers were included in the review. Most of them were in English and resulted from research conducted in the United States. The authors of the papers conducted mostly disease cost and disease burden studies. These publications included direct and indirect costs in most cases, and the dominant perspective was social in nature. CONCLUSIONS: the most advanced economies in the world belong to the same countries that conduct most research on this subject. This shows the importance of these studies for countries with developing economies. As for the language of the publications, few are written in Spanish, and the papers in that language are all from Spain; this shows the need for more research of this kind in Latin America.

Objetivo: Identificar o estado de desenvolvimento da pesquisa sobre os custos da doença profissional que tem sido publicada na literatura durante a última década no mundo. Métodos: Realizou-se um busca sistemática de literatura, altamente sensível, com o objetivo de identificar publicações que se adaptassem aos critérios de inclusão pré-definidos pelos autores.Consultaram-se bases de dados como Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Online Wiley, Embase e Springer. O período de tempo consultado foi 2000-2013. Resultados: Incluíram-se 54 artigos, dos quais a maior porcentagem está escrita em inglês, a maioria foi produto de pesquisas realizadas nos Estados Unidos.A metodologia utilizada principalmente pelos autores dos artigos foi do tipo de estudos de peso e custos da doença.Os custos incluídos nestas publicações foram diretos e indiretos na sua maioria e a perspectiva predominante foi a do tipo social. Conclusões: As economias mais avançadas do mundo são aquelas que na sua maioria realizam este tipo de pesquisas, o que salienta a importância de realizar estes estudos nas economias de países em desenvolvimento.Com relação à linguagem de publicação, só se encontraram publicações em espanhol realizadas na Espanha, o que salienta a necessidade de gerar mais estudos deste tipo na América Latina.

Burden of disease in Nariño, Colombia, 2010 / Carga de enfermedad en Nariño, Colombia, 2010

Objective: This study sought to measure burden of disease and identifies health priorities from the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) indicator. Methods: By using the DALYs indicator, burden of disease was identified in the department of Nariño according to the guidelines established by the World Health Organization. Results: The DALYs in the Department of Nariño highlight the emergence of communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases during the first years of life; of accidents and lesions among youth, and non-communicable diseases in older individuals. Also, accidents and lesions are highlighted in men and non-communicable diseases in women. Conclusions: This is the first study on burden of disease for a department in Colombia by using a standardized methodology. This study is part of the knowledge management process in the Departmental Health Plan for Nariño - Colombia 2012-2015 and contributes to the system of indicators of the 2012 ten-year public health plan. This research evidences that communicable diseases generate the biggest part of the burden of disease in the Department of Nariño, that DALYs due to non-communicable diseases are on the rise, and that accidents and lesions, especially due to violence are an important cause of DALYs in this region, which is higher than that of the country.

Objetivo: Medir la carga de enfermedad e identificar las prioridades de salud a partir del indicador Años de Vida Saludables Perdidos (AVISA). Métodos: Mediante el uso del indicador AVISA, identificar la carga de enfermedad en el departamento de Nariño según la Guía de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: Los AVISA en el Departamento de Nariño destacan la emergencia de las enfermedades transmisibles, maternales, perinatales y nutricionales en los primeros años de vida; de los accidentes y lesiones entre los jóvenes y las enfermedades no transmisibles en individuos mayores; así como los accidentes y lesiones destacan en los hombres y las enfermedades no transmisibles en las mujeres. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio de carga de enfermedad de un departamento en Colombia que utiliza una metodología estandarizada. Este estudio es parte del proceso de gestión de conocimiento del Plan de Salud Departamental de Nariño -Colombia 2012-2015 y contribuye al sistema de indicadores del plan decenal de salud pública 2012. Esta investigación evidencia que las enfermedades transmisibles generan la mayor parte de la carga de enfermedad del Departamento de Nariño, que los AVISA por enfermedades no transmisibles están en ascenso, y que los accidentes y lesiones, especialmente por causa de la violencia son una causa importante de AVISA en esta región, siendo superior a la del país.

Costos directos del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto / Direct costs of open angle primary glaucoma

Introducción: la magnitud del costo asociado al glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto deriva de la atención sanitaria y de la disminución de la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivos: estimar los costos del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto en los pacientes atendidos durante el 2010 en el servicio de glaucoma del hospital Dr Salvador Allende. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, en el campo de la Evaluación Económica en Salud es un estudio del tipo de descripción de costos, que aplicó el enfoque metodológico del costo de la enfermedad. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por el total de casos con diagnóstico de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto que acudieron a la consulta seleccionada de glaucoma del citado hospital, durante el primer trimestre del 2011 y que habían sido atendidos durante el 2010. Los costos fueron expresados en pesos cubanos del 2010. El estudio se realizó a partir de las perspectivas de la institución y la del paciente. Resultados: el estudio incluyó 110 pacientes con edad promedio de 60,3 años de edad. El costo promedio de la atención a un paciente en la institución fue de 230,99 pesos cubanos. El costo promedio para los pacientes fue de 290,10 pesos cubanos. Conclusiones: el servicio de glaucoma cuenta con los recursos científico técnicos imprescindibles para la atención de los pacientes. Los costos de la enfermedad para el paciente son cubiertos con los ingresos monetarios que estos perciben

Introduction: the magnitude of the cost of open angle primary glaucoma stems from the health care and the reduction of the patient's quality of life. Objectives: to estimate the open angle primary glaucoma costs in those patients seen at the glaucoma service of Salvador Allende hospital during 2010. Methods: a retrospective cost description-type study, which applied the methodological approach to the disease costs, was carried out in the field of health economic assessment. The universe of study was the total number of cases diagnosed as open angle primary glaucoma and seen at the glaucoma service during the first quarter of 2011 and those which had been treated during 2010. The costs were given in Cuban pesos, according to the 2010 rate. The study was conducted on the basis of the perspectives of the institution and those of the patients. Results: the study comprised 110 patients aged 60.3 years. The average cost of assistance to a patient at the hospital was 230.99 Cuban pesos. The average cost for the patients was 290.10 Cuban pesos in the analyzed period. Conclusions: the glaucoma service has the indispensable scientific and technical resources for the care of patients. The costs of the disease for the patients are afforded by their own incomes

Estimating the Economic Burden of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture among Elderly Korean Women / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. METHODS: From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women > or = 50 years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," Ysuch that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with > or = one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. RESULTS: During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.