Preclinical evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: Pain is the most common symptom in various pathological conditions requiring appropriate treatment with analgesics. Use of analgesics is limited by various adverse drug effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 Wistar albino rats and was divided into five groups each of six rats. Group-I (Sterile water-equivalent volume/po), Group-II Morphine (5 mg/kg/ip), Group-III CPHAE (200 mg/kg/po), Group-IV CPHAE (400 mg/kg/po), and Group-V Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg/po). All the rats were administered respective drugs before starting of 30 min of experiment. Central analgesic (Tail clip and hot plate) and peripheral analgesic (Writhing test) methods were used to evaluate the analgesic activity. The data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Group-II, III, IV and V showed significant analgesic activity compared to Group-I in both central and peripheral animal models. Group-II showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in the central analgesic activity. Group-V showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in peripheral analgesic activity. Group-IV showed significant effect compared to Group-III. Conclusion: High dose of (400 mg/kg) C. pictus plant extract showed significant analgesic activity in the central and peripheral animal models compared to low dose.

Comparative Evaluation Of The Hepatoprotective Effect Of Costus Pictus D Don Methanolic Leaf Extract And Silymarin On Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage In Albino Wistar Rats

Background: NSAIDs are the common group of drugs used in self-medication, and this is true for especiallyParacetamol (acetaminophen).Although considered safe at therapeutic doses, in overdose, paracetamol causescentrilobular hepatic necrosis which can be fatal. As no data is available on the hepatoprotective effect ofCostus pictus D Don, we have made an attempt to investigate the protective effect of Costus pictus D Don leafextract on paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The aim of the study is to compare the hepatoprotectiveeffect of methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don and silymarin on liver damage induced by paracetamolin Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: 30 Healthy male adult Wistar rats (16 weeks old) weighing > 250g were used for thestudy. The animals were maintained in a standard cage under controlled temperature (25+2 °C) and light (12:12light-dark cycle) in MGMC & RI central animal house. The animals were fed with standard rat pellet and hygienicwater ad libitum. 30 adult Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups with 6 rats each as (Normal control -0.5%carboxymethylcellulose (7 days), Toxic control- 0.5% (7 days)+paracetamol 2g/kg(5th day), Test group I-200 mg/kg methanolic leaf extract+paracetamol 2g/kg(5th day) , Test group II-100 mg/kg methanolic leafextract+paracetamol 2g/kg(5th day) & Standard group - silymarin 25mg/kg (7 days) + Paracetamol 2 g/kg (5th day)The animals were sacrificed on 8th day using sodium pentobarbitone 150mg/kg i.p. serum was sent for biochemicalanalysis for liver function test. Liver was harvested and a portion was taken for histological examination.Results: In our study methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don showed beneficial effect on paracetamolinduced liver toxicity which was evident by the significant improvement in liver function test consisting of AST,ALT and ALP in a dose dependent manner which is in consistent with the histological findings.Conclusions: The study has proved the methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don posses a significanthepatoprotective activity which was comparable to the standard drug silymarin

Actividad diurética de una decocción de Costus pictus D Don / Diuretic activity from a Costus pictus D Don decoction

INTRODUCCIÓN: Costus pictus D Don (caña mexicana) es una especie cultivada como ornamental en Cuba y la decocción de sus hojas se emplea tradicionalmente para afecciones urinarias como infecciones, litiasis y cólicos renales. OBJETIVO: evaluar la actividad diurética de la decocción de hojas de C. pictus. MÉTODOS: se elaboró una decocción con hojas secas al 30 por ciento y se administró a ratas machos Wistar a dosis de 200, 400 y 800 mg de sólidos totales/kg. El volumen fue completado con solución salina fisiológica para lograr una sobrecarga hidrosalina con un volumen total de administración constante de 40 mL/kg, tanto para los grupos tratados como para el control positivo (furosemida, 20 mg/kg) y control negativo (cloruro de sodio, 0,9 por ciento). Se midieron los volúmenes de orina excretados a ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 h y se determinaron las concentraciones de electrolitos (Na+ y K+) en la orina total colectada. RESULTADOS: se observó acción diurética dependiente de la dosis en la decocción del C. pictus con mejores resultados a dosis de 800 mg/kg. Los niveles de sodio y potasio eliminados en orina fueron significativamente mayores a los del grupo control negativo, lo que nos hace pensar en un comportamiento similar a la furosemida, a pesar de que nunca se llega a superar su efecto. La actividad diurética fue mayor en el último nivel de dosis (800 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la decocción al 30 por ciento de hojas secas de C. pictus presentó efecto diurético dosis dependiente

INTRODUCTION: Costus pictus D Don (Mexican cane) is a species cultivated as ornamental in Cuba and decoction of leaves is traditionally used for urinary affections including infections, lithiasis and renal colitis. OBJECTIVE: to assess the diuretic activity from the C pictus leaves decoction. METHODS: a decoction with 30 percent dry leaves was made and given to Wistar male rats at 200, 400 and 800 mg doses of total solids/kg. Volume was completed with saline solution to achieve a hydrosaline overload with a total volume of constant administration of 40 mL/kg for treatment group and for the positive control (20 mg/kg Furosemide) and the negative control (0,9 percent sodium chloride ). Urine volume released were measured at half an hour, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours and electrolytes concentrations (Na+ and K+) were assessed in total collected urine. RESULTS: there was a diuretic action depending on dose in C. pictus decoction with better results using the 800 mg/kg dose. The sodium and potassium levels released in urine were higher than those of negative control group thus, we think about a similar behavior to Furosemide, despite its effect never is surmountable. The diuretic activity was higher in the last dose level (800 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: results achieved allow us to conclude that the 30 percent decoction of dry leaves of C pictus had a dose-dependent diuretic effect

Tamizaje fitoquímico, actividad analgésica y antiinflamatoria de decocción de Costus pictus D Don / Phytochemical screening, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of Costus pictus D Don decoction

Introducción: Costus pictus D Don (caña mexicana) es una especie cultivada como ornamental y la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos se emplea tradicionalmente para afecciones urinarias, como infecciones, litiasis y cólicos renales en Cuba. Objetivos: identificar los principales grupos de metabolitos secundarios y validar la actividad analgésica y antiinflamatoria de la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos de C. pictus. Métodos: se identificaron los principales grupos de metabolitos secundarios presentes en la decocción mediante un tamizaje fitoquímico. Se evaluó en los modelos farmacológicos de granuloma inducido por algodón en ratas, retorcimientos inducidos por ácido acético 0,75 por ciento (0,1 mL/10 g intraperitoneal) y retirada de la cola inmersa en agua a 55 °C en ratones; las dosis administradas, por vía oral, fueron equivalentes a 0,5; 1 y 5 g de material vegetal fresco/kg de peso corporal. Resultados: la decocción mostró presencia de flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, compuestos lactónicos y cumarinas, saponinas y azúcares reductores. Inhibió significativamente la respuesta dolorosa en ambos modelos, pero no tuvo efecto antiinflamatorio en el granuloma provocado por algodón. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a validar el uso tradicional de la decocción de hojas y tallos frescos de C. pictus para aliviar el dolor por causa de afecciones renales

Introduction: Costus pictus D Don (Mexican reed) is a species for decorative purposes and the decoction of leaves and fresh stems is traditionally used for urinary disorders like infections, lithiasis and renal colic in Cuba. Objectives: to identify the main groups of secondary metabolites and to validate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of a decoction of fresh leaves and stems from C. pictus. Methods: the main groups of secondary metabolites present in the decoction were identified by a phytochemical screening. The decoction was evaluated in pharmacological models of cotton-induced granulomas in rats; 0,75 por ciento acetic acid-induced cramps (0.1 mL/10 g intraperitoneal) and removal of the tail submerged into water at 55 °C in mice; the orally administered doses were 0.5; 1 and 5 g of fresh vegetable material/kg of body weight. Results: the decoction disclosed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, lactonic compounds and coumarins, saponins, and reducing sugars. It significantly reduced the painful response both models, but there was no antinflammatory effect on cotton-induced granuloma. Conclusions: the results contributed to validate the traditional use of C. pictus fresh leaves and stems in order to relieve the pain caused by renal diseases