Relationship between job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors / 环境与职业医学

Background Job burnout has become an important factor affecting the mental and physical health and work efficiency of college counselors, and indirectly affects the quality and development of talent cultivation for college students. Objective To explore the relationship between job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors, and to test the mediating role of job crafting between job stress and job burnout, in order to take targeted measures to alleviate job stress and job burnout of college counselors, reduce associated health risks, and improve the effectiveness of higher education. Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 counselors from social network communication groups by convenience sampling. The Counselor Work Stress Scale, Job Crafting Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used. Harman's single-factor method was used to evaluate common method bias in the survey data. One-way ANOVA was applied to test the difference in job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors by demographic characteristics, and chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in reporting job burnout. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between selected variables. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship of job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors, and Bootstrap analysis was used to test if there was a mediating effect of job crafting on the relationship between job stress and job burnout. Results Of the 390 questionnaires recovered, there were 338 valid questionnaires (86.67%). Among the included subjects, the mean scores of job stress, job crafting, and job burnout were (2.70±0.62), (3.77±0.62), and (2.09±1.09), respectively. The positive rate of job burnout was 76.9% (260/338), with a positive rate of 72.8% in exhaustion dimension and 59.8% in cynicism dimension. There were significant differences in job crafting scores among the college counselors by different genders and professional titles (P<0.05). Female counselors had significantly higher job burnout scores and positive rates than male counselors (P<0.05). The partial correlation analysis showed that job stress, work load, school evaluation and expectation, and interpersonal relationship were positively correlated with job burnout (r=0.562, 0.442, 0.473, and 0.455, respectively, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with job crafting (r=−0.271, −0.169, −0.246, and −0.247, respectively, P<0.01); job crafting, cognitive crafting, relationship crafting, and task crafting were negatively correlated with job burnout (r=−0.447, −0.452, −0.366, and −0.340, respectively, P<0.01). The modified structural equation modeling indicated that job stress negatively affected job crafting (b=−0.348, P<0.001) and positively affected job burnout (b=0.454, P<0.001); job crafting negatively affected job burnout (b=−0.459, P<0.001), and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between job stress and job burnout, and the effect value was 0.160 (95%CI: 0.102, 0.230) that accounted for 26.10% of the total effect. Conclusion Job burnout among the college counselors is prominent. Job crafting presents an inhibitory effect on job burnout. Job stress indirectly affects the occurrence of job burnout by inhibiting the generation of job crafting.

Current Situation and correlation analysis on job burnout and mental health of college counselors in Shanghai City / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and correlation between job burnout and mental health of college counselors in Shanghai City. METHODS: With stratified cluster random sampling method, 235 counselors were selected as study subjects. Their job burnout and mental health was investigated by using Burnout Inventory Educator's Survey and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. RESULTS: The median score of the 3 dimensions of emotional exhaustion, deindividualization and low sense of achievement of counselors was 3.4, 3.2 and 1.6, respectively. In each dimension, the ratio of moderate level job burnout was 93.2%, 94.9% and 26.8%, respectively; the ratio of high level job burnout was 6.8%, 5.1% and 73.2%, respectively. The median score of mental health was 31.0, and the grade of general, poor and very poor mental health standard was 2.6%, 35.3% and 62.1%, respectively. The scores of emotional exhaustion and deindividualization were positively correlated with the scores of mental health status(Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.54 and 0.44, all P<0.01). The score of low achievement was negatively correlated with the score of mental health status(Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.39, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the scores of emotional exhaustion and deindividualization had positive predictive value on mental health after excluding gender, spouse, age, length of service, educational level, position title, household registration, authorized strength, and university level(all P<0.01). Low achievement score had a negative predictive effect on mental health(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The job burnout in college counselors in Shanghai City is at a moderately high level and their mental health is poor. The job burnout affects their mental health. Alleviating job burnout is beneficial to improve counselors′ mental health.

Effect of health promoting lifestyle on job burnout of college counselors in Shanghai City / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between health promoting lifestyle and job burnout of college counselors in Shanghai. METHODS: Using stratified cluster sampling method, 294 counselors from 4 colleges were selected and investigated by Maslach Burnout Inventory Educator's Survey and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. RESULTS: The median scores of emotional exhaustion, deindividualization and low sense of achievement of counselors in Shanghai were 3.3, 3.2 and 1.6 respectively. In each dimension, the ratio of moderate burnout were 93.5%, 95.2% and 26.5% respectively. The ratio of high level burnout were 6.5%, 4.8% and 73.5%. The median total score of health promoting lifestyle was 127.1, and the ratio of poor, average and good lifestyle standard was 8.5%, 50.3% and 41.2%.The total score of health promoting lifestyle was negatively correlated with the score of emotional exhaustion and deindividualization(P<0.01) and positively correlated with the score of low sense of achievement(P<0.01). The score of physical exercise, interpersonal relationship, stress management and self realization in health promoting lifestyle had positive predictive effect on the score of emotional exhaustion and deindividualization(P<0.05). The score of physical exercise and self realization had negative predictive effect on the score of low sense of achievement(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of job burnout in college counselors is above the intermediate level. There is a correlation between health promoting lifestyle and job burnout and cultivating a health promoting lifestyle is helpful to alleviate job burnout.

Prediction of Psychological Well-being based on Empathy among Vietnamese School Counselors

Empathy enhances an individual’s self-image and also helps to maintain relationships which add up to the well-being of an individual. Empathy and psychological well-being have an influence on school counselors’ job performance in their schools. The aim was to examine the relationships between empathy and psychological well-being in 53 Vietnamese school counselors (19 males and 34 females) in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018. To achieve this goal, multiple linear regression analyses were done to see the independent effects of explanatory variables and t-test for independent samples were used for gender comparisons. Participants completed 2 measures, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Results showed that personal distress negatively predicted psychological well-being. Neither perspective taking fantasy nor empathic concern predicted psychological well-being. This result supports those found in previous studies and suggests that personal distress, an effective component of empathy, plays an important role in the improvement of psychological well-being. We also found females reported lower psychological well-being than males. Our findings may explain the previous research finding that gender discrimination has an impact on the psychological well-being of females at work. The results of this research are necessary for Vietnamese school counselors to have a better understanding of their mental health.

A New Historical Material on the Visitation to Lord Nambu by Dr Yoshimasu Todo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

According to the biography of Dr Todo Yoshimasu, he visited to Lord Nambu in 1752. However, this biography does not describe the detail of his therapeutic process. Recently we found out the historical materials, i.e. Zassho which is a diary written by a chief counselor of Morioka-­Nambu feudal domain. This diary describes the detail of Dr Todo Yoshimasu's medical activity to the Lord Nambu. This report intends to introduce the description of this diary and discuss concrete activities of Dr Todo Yoshimas. This report is a new significant excavation since when publication Todo­zenshu in 1917.

A Dispose of Yoshimasu Todo's Disciples in Morioka-Nambu Feudal Domain / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors previously reported on a Dr. Todo Yoshimasu's visit to a feudal lord of Nambu domain in 1752. This paper describes the outcomes of our investigation on what happened after the visit based on the diary “Zassyo” written by a chief retainer of the domain. Despite Yoshimasu's treatment, the load was not cured and ended up passing away. At that time, there were three of Yoshimasu's pupils who were from Nambu and serving as medical doctors for the domain. A record in the diary indicates that, after the lord's death, all of them were either discharged or penalized with pay cut. It indicates that Yoshimasu's revolutionary medical philosophy and methodology were not fully understood nor appreciated back then.

School Counselors' Recognition of the Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

The ability to identify students at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis in school settings is crucial for enabling appropriate referral to a clinician and positive therapeutic results. The aim of this study was to examine school counselors' recognition of the diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations for students at UHR for psychosis. In total, 132 school counselors completed surveys, including questions relating to a vignette about a student at UHR for psychosis. In total, 12.4% of the sample provided the correct diagnosis, much lower than that for other schizophrenia spectrum disorders and non-psychotic disorders, including depressive disorder. Although most school counselors preferred psychiatrists as the first-line treatment for students at UHR for psychosis, counseling centers were also mentioned as potential treatment options. In terms of medication, antipsychotics were preferred over other medication classes. It is necessary to design appropriate educational and training programs for school counselors to promote identification and effective referral of those at UHR for psychosis.

Ethical issues surrounding counselors' use of social media / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand counselors' use of social media from the perspective of clients, and find the relevant ethical issues. Methods: The questionnaire of how clients regarding counselors'use of social media was made as evaluation tool. Totally 434 valid questionnaires were received, including 86 males and 348 females, aged (36 ±7) years. Results: Almost 51.6％ of the clients got information of counseling and counselors through social media, and 35.9％ received online counseling through social media. Several ethical issues existed. Counselors didn't make informed consent with clients, which included the confidentiality, security and real identity about online counseling issues. Clients and counselors added WeChat or QQ friends and interacted with each other outside the counseling process. This situation led to multiple relations. Counselors' personal exposure in their social media negatively impressed clients. Counselors had over propaganda or clients'privacy expose during advertising or training through social media. Conclusion: Counselors' using social media for counseling involve many ethical issues. The confidentiality and multiple relations are more complex and subtle due to Internet features. The ethical issue of counselors' self-exposure in personal social media particularly requires being noticed.

School counselors' attitude and decision-making towards dual relationship and confidentiality situations in counseling / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To explore school counselors' attitude and decision-making towards dual relationship and confidentiality. Methods: Totally 123 school counselors (27 males and 96 females, aged 20 to 60 years old, 41 primary and secondary counselors, 82 college counselors) filled up of self-designed Questionnaire for School Psychological Consultants on Dual Relationship and Confidentiality Rules, and the related factors which could influence the school counselors' attitude and their decision-making in dual relationship and confidentiality in the counseling work. Results:Totally 71.5％ (n =88) school counselors chose not to accept other relationships with students after counseling, 14.6％ (n = 18) school counselors chose to accept other relationships with students after counseling. The school counselors who had not accepted supervisioneasier to answer as "accept other relationship may raise clients self-esteem or feelings" than those had got supervision (P <0.05). The school counselor believed that the confidentiality agreement should be breached of the top 3(suicide attention, drug use and bad gangs). Counselors easier to breach confidentiality agreements on situation of students had suicide plans than situation of students had plans to run away from home(P <0.001). Conclusion:This study shows that two factors, including supervision and differential clients "issue may have effect on school counselors" attitudes and decision-making towards dual relationship and confidentiality situation in their counseling practice.

The empathy of university counselors on mediating the perceived demand and helping behavior / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of college counselors' empathy between perceived demand and behavior of helping others. METHODS: Three hundred and eleven college counselors were selected as study subjects by a convenient sampling method. The Perceived Needs Ability Questionnaire,Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C Questionnaire and Helping Behavior Questionnaire were used to assess the perceived needs,empathy ability and helping behavior of college counselors. RESULTS: The score of the empathy ability of college counselors was( 3. 4 ± 0. 4),the median scores of perceived demand ability and helping behavior were 3. 1 and 3. 3 respectively. The perceived demand ability of college counselors was positively correlated with both empathy ability and helping behavior [Spearman rank correlation coefficient( rS) = 0. 25,0. 27,P < 0. 01) ],and empathy ability was positively correlated with helping behavior( rS) = 0. 30,P <0. 01). Empathy ability has partial intermediary effect between perceived demand ability and helping behavior under the circumstances of medium-level dilemma and high-level dilemma,with the ratio of mediating effect to total effect accounting for 14. 6% and 13. 2% respectively. CONCLUSION: The perceive demand ability can directly or indirectly promote the behavior of helping others. Empathy ability plays partial mediating effects between perceived demand ability and helping behavior.

The Effect of Different Counselors on Treatment Outcome of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities of tinnitus based on the neurophysiological model proposed by Jastreboff and Hazell. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of counselor factor on treatment outcomes of TRT. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The total of 78 patients who had TRT from three different counselors in a tinnitus clinic of tertiary referral center from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were included in this study. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the therapeutic response to TRT. RESULTS: Among 78 patients who were followed-up for more than 6 months, 47, 20, and 11 patients were treated by counselors A, B, C (all ENT specialists), respectively. Counselor A had 15-year-experience of TRT counseling, whereas counselor B and C were well trained but beginners of TRT counseling. Initial clinical characteristics including Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and tinnitus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients among three groups were not significantly different. Treatment responses evaluated via THI and most of the tinnitus VAS scores after at least 6 months after TRT were significantly improved in all three groups (p<0.05) with no significant difference between the senior (A) and junior (B, C) group. CONCLUSION: TRT seems to be an effective treatment modality of tinnitus even in this short term follow-up study. Treatment outcomes of TRT may not depend on the counselors once they are well trained and follow the same protocol.

Laboratory medicine education: challenges and opportunities / 中华检验医学杂志

Laboratory medicine is experiencing rapid development and moving from the edge of medicine stage to the center of medicine.Laboratory medicine has become the component of evidence-based medicine,the pathway to translational medicine and the core of precision medicine.These recent advances have increased the challenges and opportunities for laboratory medicine education.It will be the most urgent task to us how to train innovative personnel, medical laboratory physician, genetic counselor, medical laboratory scientist and personnel needed for personalized medicine.

Occupational stress among counselors in institutes of higher education in Guangdong Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the occupational stress status and its influence factors among counselors in institutes of higher education in Guangdong Province. METHODS: By clustering random sampling method,260 counselors from 9universities in Guangdong Province were chosen as study subjects. The sub-questionnaires of Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition,included the Occupational Role Questionnaire( ORQ),Personal Strain Questionnaire( PSQ) and the Personal Resources Questionnaire( PRQ) were used to investigate their occupational tasks,stress reaction and coping resources,respectively. The related influence factors were also analyzed. RESULTS: The total scores of ORQ and PSQ of counselors in universities of Guangdong Province were higher than the national norm( P < 0. 01),while the PRQ total score was lower than the national norm( P < 0. 01); the counselors who had over professional task accounted for 13. 85%( 36 /260); the counselors who had occupational stress reaction accounted for 15. 77%( 41 /260); the counselors who lacked the personal coping resource accounted for 16. 54%( 43 /260). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the counselors in non-medical colleges had higher risk of more occupational tasks than those in medical college( P < 0. 05);the counselors aged 30 years or above were more prone to lack of personal coping resource than those aged under 30 years( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Compared with the general population,the university counselors in Guangdong Province have more professional task,higher degree of occupational stress and more shortage of personal coping resources. Therefore,some intervention measures aiming at the main influence factors should be carried out to relieve the occupational stress.

The way for certifying counselors and psychotherapists in China / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:From a professional competency-based perspective,this study aimed to explore appro-priate ways for certifying counselors and psychotherapists in China,and focused on improving the evaluation pro-gram for clinical and counseling psychologist of the Clinical and Counseling Psychology Registration System (CCPRS)of Chinese Psychological Society.Method:The theories and methods for certifying counselors and psy-chotherapists in China and overseas were summarized by using the literature method,based on which the design principles for certification in China were determined.Using the expert method,the core competencies of Chinese counselor and psychotherapist were proposed to form the index system of evaluation.A survey was also conducted to obtain a preliminary validity of the improved evaluation program.Result:Design principles for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists were multi-trait,multi-method,and multi-informant.The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist included six domains,which were professional attitudes and conduct,ethics and law,clinical knowledge and skills,science and research,relationship building,cultural diversity and Chinese culture,case man-agement,respectively.Results from the expert judgments indicated that the evaluation materials which formulated by the improved program could assess all six core competencies and had acceptable reliabilities(Cronbach's α=0.74-0.97).And the expert evaluation about the improved program was high.Conclusion:The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist,which formulated by the improved evaluation program,reflect the necessary attitudes,knowledge and skills that needed when engaged in the professional practice of counseling and psychothera-py,and also can be used as a reference for counselor and psychotherapist education,training,practice,and compe-tency evaluation in China.The improved evaluation program can be used as a transitional way for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists in China.

Counselor verbal response modes of psychic hot-line counseling / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the counselor verbal response modes of psychic hot-line counseling and its characteristics.Methods:Through a qualitative study with category analysis method,8 pieces of audio recordings were collected,in each of which the entire duration was between 30 minutes to 50 minutes.And all of these record-ings were transcribed word by word.Meaningful 1202 pieces were deeply analyzed.Results:There were 5 core counselor verbal response types in hot-line counseling,greeting response,set-up response,listening response,follow-up response,and affecting response,all of which had 24 concept categories.All of the online counselors used the 5 types of verbal response.The listening response and follow-up response were the highest frequent types.Greeting response and set-up response were used mostly in the initial stage of counseling.Listening response,and follow-up response were used mostly in the stage of describing problem.Affecting response was sharply increased in the stage of analyzing problem.Greeting response and set-up response were used mostly in last stage of counseling.Conclu-sion:It suggests that there are 5 core counselor verbal response types and 24 concept categories in hot-line counse-ling.The listening response and follow-up response are the highest frequent types.Different types of verbal re-sponse modes used by counselor in different stages due to different intention.

Dilemas bioéticos en torno a la fertilización in vitro (FIV) y la mujer gestante: hacia la figura de un consejero reproductivo / Dilemas bioéticos em torno da fertilização in vitro (FIV) e a mulher gestante: em torno da figura de um conselheiro reprodutivo / Bioethical dilemmas around in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gestational woman: towards the figure of a reproductive counselor

Este artículo plantea algunos dilemas importantes en torno a la fertilización in vitro (FIV) y la mujer gestante. En él se contrastan las dos posturas bioéticas predominantes: liberal y conservadora respecto de ambos fenómenos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo respecto a las posturas teóricas dominantes y el estado del arte de las tecnologías reproductivas y la gestación subrogada. En conclusión,se propone una figura bioética innovadora en la práctica de la reproducción asistida: un consejero reproductivo que ayude en la toma de decisiones durante el proceso de reproducción artificial de la pareja o persona sola,y sea un interlocutor entre ellos y el especialista. Además, se proponen mínimos éticos para la selección de la mujer gestante.

This paper studies some important dilemmas around in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gestational woman. Two predominant bioethical views are contrasted: liberal and traditional with respect to both phenomena. Qualitative analyses were carried out with respect to dominant theoretical views and the state of the art of reproductive technologies and subrogate pregnancy. As conclusion, an innovative bioethical figure in the practice of assisted reproduction is proposed: a reproductive counselor that helps in decision making during the process of artificial reproduction of the couple or single person to be an interlocutor between the users and the specialist. Furthermore, an ethical minimum for the selection of gestational women is proposed.

Este artigo propõe alguns dilemas importantes em torno da fertilização in vitro (FIV) e a mulher gestante. Nele se contrastam as duas posturas bioéticas predominantes: liberal e conservadora, a respeito de ambos os fenômenos. Foi levada a cabo uma análise qualitativa a respeito das posturas teóricas dominantes e do estado da arte das tecnologias reprodutivas e da gestação substituta. Em conclusão, se propõe uma figura bioética inovadora na prática da reprodução assistida: um conselheiro reprodutivo que ajude na tomada de decisões durante o processo de reprodução artificial do casal ou de apenas uma pessoa, e seja um interlocutor entre eles e o especialista. Ademais, se propõem mínimos éticos para a seleção da mulher gestante.

Autoeficácia no aconselhamento de carreira: estudo com orientadores profissionais brasileiros / Career counseling self-efficacy: A study among Brazilian career counselors / Autoeficacia en el asesoramiento de carrera: estudio con orientadores profesionales brasileños

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram analisar a autoeficácia de orientadores profissionais nos domínios do aconselhamento de carreira e testar a hipótese de que existiriam diferenças em relação ao tempo de experiência. Foi utilizada a versão brasileira da Escala de Autoeficácia no Aconselhamento de Carreira (CCSES) aplicada em uma amostra de orientadores profissionais brasileiros (n = 107). Os resultados mostraram que os orientadores profissionais sentiam-se confiantes em suas competências de aconselhamento de carreira, embora estivessem menos confiantes em suas competências de aconselhamento multicultural. A autoeficácia no aconselhamento de carreira mostrou-se significativamente relacionada ao tempo de experiência profissional, confirmando pressupostos teóricos associados à formação das crenças de autoeficácia e às experiências de domínio. Implicações teóricas e práticas são discutidas.

This study aimed to analyze career counseling self-efficacy and test the hypothesis that there are differences in career counseling self-efficacy in relation to professional experience. A Brazilian form of Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES) was applied in a sample of 107 Brazilian career counselors. The results showed that career counselors felt confident in their skills in career counseling, although they felt less confident in their multicultural counseling skills when compared with the other scale dimensions. Career counseling self-efficacy was significantly related to years of professional experience, confirming theoretical assumptions associated with self-efficacy and domain experience. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron analizar la autoeficacia de los orientadores profesionales en los dominios del asesoramiento de carrera y testear la hipótesis de que existirían diferencias en relación con el tiempo de experiencia. Fue utilizada la versión brasilera de la Escala de Autoeficacia en el Asesoramiento de Carrera (CCSES) aplicada en una muestra de orientadores profesionales brasileros (N = 107). Los resultados mostraron que los orientadores profesionales se sentían confiados en sus competencias de asesoramiento de carrera, aunque estuviesen menos confiados en sus competencias de asesoramiento multicultural. Se observaron diferencias significativas en los dominios de la autoeficacia en el asesoramiento de carrera y el tiempo de experiencia profesional, confirmando el presupuesto teórico asociado a la formación de las creencias de autoeficacia y las experiencias de dominio. Las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas son discutidas.

Causes of Burnout among South Korean Counselors Working with North Korean Refugees: A Qualitative Content Analysis / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the causes of burnout among South Korean counselors for North Korean refugees. METHODS: Data were collected using open-ended questions in a survey from 85 South Korean counselors for North Korean refugees, and a content analysis of the textual data from the questions was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 192 statements were selected from the data and those were categorized into 3 domains, 8 categories, and 24 sub-categories. Institutional, client, and social recognition domains emerged. Findings indicate that the causes of burnout were derived from the following categories: 1) the categories for the Institutional domain were physical environment, work conflict, and work overload, 2) for the client domain, lack of cooperation, selfish attitude, and limits to interventions, and 3) for the social recognition domain, lack of rewards and identity confusion. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that community mental health professionals need to understand these causes of burnout among the counselors working with North Korean refugees. It is also necessary to do further research to develop strategies to prevent burnout and potential mental health problems for these counselors.

Maria Helena Patto, minha orientadora / Maria Helena, my supervisor / Maria Helena Patto, ma directrice de thèse / Maria Helena, mi orientadora

O encontro com a professora Maria Helena Patto na graduação em Psicologia influenciou profundamente as minhas opções teóricas, profissionais e políticas. As suas ideias e posições, que me impressionaram nesse momento, adquiriram mais sentido ao longo da sua orientação da minha dissertação de mestrado e tese de doutorado. Na dissertação, ouvi um grupo de crianças pobres para acompanhar as transformações da representação de escola durante o seu primeiro ano nessa instituição. A tese investigou como a escola se apropriava do projeto Ciclo Básico, buscando compreender o processo de mudança em curso. Nesses trabalhos, ficou clara a necessidade de procurar apreender o ponto de vista dos sujeitos que integram as instituições educativas e situar os fatos historicamente, considerando as suas relações com o contexto socioeconômico, político e cultural. Também a capacidade de me indignar diante de situações que desrespeitam a dignidade humana são parte do meu aprendizado com a Maria Helena.

Meeting Professor Maria Helena Patto at the undergraduate program in Psychology profoundly influenced my theoretical, political, and professional options. Her ideas and positions acquired more sense throughout her supervision when preparing my dissertation and doctoral thesis. In the dissertation, I heard a group of poor children to analyze the changes at the representation of school suffered during the first year of frequency in this institution. The thesis investigates how the school took control of the Basic Cycle, in order to understand the process of change they were getting through. In these studies, it became clear that it needs to grasp the perspective of various individuals who are part of educational institutions and seek to situate the historical facts, considering relations with the socio-economic, political and cultural context. That and the ability to get disgusted in situations that violate human dignity are a part of my learning from Maria Helena.

Avoir été élève de Mme Maria Helena Souza Patto en licence de Psychologie a profondément influencé mes options théoriques, professionnelles et politiques. Les idées et positions qui m'ont impressionnée se sont révélées significatives pendant sa direction de mon mémoire et de ma thèse. J'ai d'abord analysé (Master) les transformations de la représentation de l'école chez un groupe d'enfants pauvres pendant leur première année de scolarisation, à partir de leur écoute. J'ai ensuite étudié (Doctorat) comment l'école s'était appropriée du Cycle de Base (projet de l'état de São Paulo) en recherchant une meilleure compréhension du processus de changement. Il était nécessaire d'appréhender le point de vue des différents sujets appartenant aux institutions éducatives et de tenter de situer les faits en considérant leurs relations avec le contexte socio-économique, politique et culturel. Maria Helena m'a appris aussi à m'indigner devant les situations qui ne respectent pas la dignité humaine.

El encuentro con la profesora Maria Helena Patto en la graduación en Psicología ha influenciado profundamente mis opciones teóricas, profesionales y políticas. Sus ideas y posiciones fueran adquiriendo mejor sentido a lo largo de su orientación en la elaboración de mi disertación y de la tesis doctoral. La disertación examinó los cambios de la representación de escuela de un grupo de niños pobres durante su primer año de frecuencia en esa institución. La tesis investigó cómo la escuela comprendía el proyecto Ciclo Básico. En estos estudios, se quedó clara la necesidad de comprender las perspectivas de los varios sujetos que forman parte de las instituciones educativas y tratar de situar los hechos históricamente, teniendo en cuenta sus relaciones con el contexto socio-económico, político y cultural. Eso y la capacidad de me cuestionar delante de situaciones que violan la dignidad humana son parte de mi aprendizaje con Maria Helena.

Aconselhamento de carreira: uma apreciação construcionista social / Career counseling: a social constructionist appreciation / Asesoramiento de carrera: una apreciación construccionista social

O objetivo deste estudo é abordar o aconselhamento de carreira a partir de uma perspectiva dialógica, o construcionismo social, que considera o eu como narrativo e relacional. Em contraposição a uma abordagem centrada no indivíduo e em suas competências, discute-se de que maneira o orientador pode, no diálogo com o cliente, favorecer a assunção de uma identidade como construção narrativa e fruto de negociações relacionais de sentidos, implicando em diferentes posturas profissionais na forma de entender a vida da pessoa atendida e seu planejamento de futuro. Assim, oferece-se uma proposta de intervenção a partir da construção, por parte da díade orientador-cliente, de novas narrativas sobre o ser profissional, em um movimento contínuo de ampliação dos significados e, concomitantemente, de abertura para a transformação.

The aim of this study was to address career counseling from a dialogical perspective, the social constructionism, that considers the self as both narrative and relational. In contrast with an approach based on the individual and their skills, we discussed how the counselor may, in the dialogue with their client, encourage the assumption of an identity as a narrative construction and as product of relational negotiation of meanings, implicating different guiding positions in order to understand a client's life and their future planning. Thus, social constructionism offers a proposal for intervention based on the building by the counselor-client dyad of new narratives about being a worker in continuous motion of broadening meanings and, hence, open to transformation.

El objeto de este estudio es abordar el asesoramiento de carrera a partir de una perspectiva dialógica, el construccionismo social, que considera el yo como narrativo y relacional. En contraposición a un enfoque centrado en el individuo y en sus competencias se discute de qué manera puede el orientador, en el diálogo con el cliente, favorecer la asunción de una identidad como construcción narrativa y fruto de negociaciones relacionales de sentidos implicando diferentes posturas profesionales en la forma de entender la vida de la persona atendida y el planeamiento de su futuro. Así, se ofrece una propuesta de intervención a partir de la construcción, por parte de la díada orientador-cliente, de nuevas narrativas sobre el ser profesional en un movimiento continuo de ampliación de los significados y, concomitantemente, de abertura para la transformación.