Eye donation in north India: Trends, awareness, influences and barriers

Purpose: To understand trends, awareness, influences and barriers to eye donation in Indian society. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Delhi from March 2017 to February 2018. About 10 hospitals collaborated with the Eye Bank under Human Cornea Retrieval Program (HCRP). Eye Bank recruited Eye Donation Counselors (EDCs) to approach family members of the deceased. A pretested questionnaire was used for this study. Irrespective of whether the next of kin of the deceased consented for eye donation or not, the option of participating in the survey was given. Results: Out of 473 potential donors identified, 407 (86%) next of kin consented to participate in the study. Of these, 388 (95.3%) were males and 19 (4.7%) were females. About 168 (41%) consented for eye donation and were assigned to donor group, while 239 (59%) participants refused eye donation and were assigned to non-donor group. Majority of the participants were siblings 170 (41.8%) of the deceased and the mean age of the deceased was 42.71 ± 17.56 years. The foremost concern before decision-making was transparency in how the cornea would be used (32.25%). The concern with regards to whether the body would remain intact after eye donation significantly decreased the probability of consent for eye donation. Conclusion: The study highlights that barriers to eye donation in India are not cultural or religious but more due to misinformation and proper utilization of the donated tissue. This study also emphasizes the pivotal role of EDC's in facilitating the eye donation movement.

Counselors' clinical practice competence in Henan Province / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of counselors' clinical practice competence. Method: Totally 237 counselors aged 23 to 59 years were selected in Henan Province. Among all the subjects, 200 counselors were supervised occasionally, 37 counselors were often supervised. The Counselors' Clinical Practice Competence Inventory (CCPCI, including application of theory and technology, emotional perception and empathy) was used in this survey. Results: The total score of CCPCI was (41.0 ± 7.2), the scores of two factors were (26.2 ± 5.4) and (14.8 ± 2.3) respectively. The CCPCI total scores and the scores of two factors were higher in counselors over 35 years old than in counselors less than 35 years old (Ps ＜0.001), higher in counselors who had more than 3 years clinical practice than in freshman who had less than 3 years clinical practice (Ps ＜0.001), and higher in counselors who accepted once and more professional training sessions than in those who had no training session (P ＜ 0.01 or P＜0.05). The CCPCI total scores and the scores of application of theory and technology were higher in counselors who were often supervised than in those who were occasionally supervised (Ps ＜0.001). Conclusion: It suggests that the clinical practice competence of the counselors in Henan Province may be at middle level. Accepting supervision regularly and continuously professional training could improve the counselors' clinical practice competence.

The mediating effect of self-efficacy on mindfulness and job burnout in psychological counselors / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mediating role of self-efficiency between mindfulness and job burnout in psychological counselors. Methods 201 psychological counselors were tested by the demograph-ic data Questionnaire,Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI-GS),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),Mindful-ness attention and mindfulness scale(MAAS). The structural equation model was used to explore the media-ting role of self-efficacy in the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout. Results Mindfulness in psychological counselors was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization(r=-0.50,-0.43;P<0.01),while there was a significant positive correlation with personal accomplishment(r=0.30,P<0.01). Self-efficiency was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization(r=-0.30,-0.32;P<0.01),while there was a significant positive correlation with personal accomplishment(r=0.40,P<0.01). Mindfulness was positively correlated with self-efficiency(r=0.31,P<0.01). The mediating effect showed that self-efficacy played a partial mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout(effect value:-0.071,95%CI= -0.027--0.141),and the mediation effect accounted for 14.82%of the total effect. Conclusion Self-efficiency plays a partial mediating role between job burnout and mind-fulness in psychological counselors. Improving the level of mindfulness and self-efficiency have positive effect on job burnout of the psychological counselors.

Current implementation of informed consent among counselors in Beijing / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objects:To investigate the current situation of counselors'implementation and their attitude to informed consent in Beijing.Methods:Eleven counselors who worked in Beijing were interviewed,the average of their working years was (7.4 ± 4.4).A semi-structured interview was used to learn about their practicing processes in and viewpoints on informed consent,and their interview transcripts were analyzed through qualitative method.Results:The results could be categorized into four categories,including the content of informed consent,the influential factors of informed consent,problems and confusions,and the significance of informed consent.The crucial role of informed consent in psychotherapy was generally recognized by counselors,and they could obey the related rules as well.The therapists had some confusion and problems about informed consent,such as the form and length,the consent for special population and online consultation.Conclusion:Basically,the counselors in Beijing could comply with the ethical standards of informed consent.However,they also suggest that certain limitations of these rules should be noticed.

Representações sociais dos conselheiros municipais de saúde sobre a vigilância sanitária / Social representations of municipal health counselors on health surveillance

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é descrever e analisar as representações sociais dos Conselheiros de Saúde de Belo Horizonte sobre suas experiências com a vigilância sanitária. A pesquisa utilizou a técnica de entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Verificou-se que o distanciamento existente entre a vigilância sanitária e o Conselho Municipal de Saúde é compensado pela riqueza das experiências “vividas” dos conselheiros. Essas experiências foram ressignificadas em saber prático, influenciando diretamente o pensamento e o conhecimento desses sujeitos sobre o tema. Por fim, a comprovação da apropriação social sobre a importância da vigilância sanitária como ação de saúde a qualifica como eficaz modelo de atenção à saúde, intervindo sobre os fatores determinantes e condicionantes do processo saúde doença, ao mesmo tempo em que promove ações educativas que contribuem para elevar a consciência sanitária.

Abstract The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the social representations of the Health Counselors of the city of Belo Horizonte regarding their experiences with health surveillance. The research used the interview technique based on a semi-structured script. The data obtained were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. It was found that the existing gap between health surveillance and the Municipal Health Council is offset by the broad spectrum of “hands-on” experience acquired by the counselors. This experience assumes greater significance in terms of practical knowledge, directly influencing the thinking and know-how of these individuals on the topic. In practice, proof of the social appropriation of the importance of health surveillance as health action qualifies as an effective model of health care. It effectively influences the determinants and conditioning factors of the health/sickness process, while simultaneously promoting educational initiatives that contribute to raising health awareness.

Aconselhamento psicológico: práticas e pesquisas nos contextos nacional e internacional / Counseling psychology: research and practice in national and international contexts / Consejería psicológica: investigaciones y prácticas en los contextos nacional y internacional / Psychologie du conseil: la recherche et la pratique dans les contextes nationaux et internationaux

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as principais investigações realizadas no campo do aconselhamento psicológico, em termos de pesquisas e práticas divulgadas no Brasil e no exterior. Por uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica nas bases LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC e PsycINFO, de 2000 a 2013, foram analisados na íntegra 44 artigos. Internacionalmente predominam estudos com alunos de pós-graduação que discutem diferentes metodologias de pesquisa. Já no Brasil, a maior parte é de caráter qualitativo e traz relatos de experiências desenvolvidas em serviços-escola que utilizaram o aconselhamento como modalidade de atendimento. As evidências indicam a necessidade de maior divulgação das práticas realizadas no Brasil em periódicos especializados do exterior, a fim de que esses saberes possam dialogar com a produção internacional.

The aim of this study was to present the main investigations held in the field of Counseling Psychology, in terms of practices and research, published both in Brazil and abroad. Through a systematic review of scientific literature in LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC and PsycINFO databases from 2000 to 2013, 44 articles were fully analysed. Internationally, studies with post-graduate students, which discuss different research methodologies, are dominant, whereas in Brazil, the majority of studies are qualitative and presents experience reports developed at psychology clinics that use counseling. It is necessary for practices developed in Brazil to be published in specialized journals abroad so that greater information exchange is possible.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las principales investigaciones en el campo de la Consejería Psicológica de acuerdo con las investigaciones y las prácticas publicadas en Brasil y en el extranjero. Para una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC y PsycINFO (2000-2013) fueron analizados 44 artículos. Internacionalmente predominan los estudios con estudiantes de posgrado y discuten diferentes metodologías de investigación. En Brasil, la mayoría son cualitativos y aportan informes de experiencias en los servicios de Psicología de las universidads que utilizan el consejería como modalidad de atención. Las evidencias indican la necesidad de difusión de la producción brasileña en revistas especializadas del extranjero, por lo que este conocimiento puede dialogar con la producción internacional.

L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier las principales recherches et las pratiques dans le domaine de la Psychologie du Conseil, au Brésil et à l'étranger. Pour une revue systématique de la littérature scientifique dans les LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC et PsycINFO (2000-2013) ont été analysés en plein 44 articles. Prédominer au niveau international des études avec des étudiants des cycles supérieurs de discuter des différentes méthodes de recherche. Au Brésil, la plupart sont de nature qualitative et apporte rapports d'expériences dans l'école des services utilisés conseil comme modalité de soins. Les données indiquent la nécessité de renforcer les pratiques de diffusion menées au Brésil dans des revues spécialisées de l'étranger, de sorte que cette connaissance peut dialoguer avec la production internationale.

Positive Significance of Confucianism on Moral Construction of College Counselors / 中国医学伦理学

In this paper, from the angle of Confucianism culture and contemporary reality, the authors dis-cussed the counselors should have professional ethics quality requirements, puts forward the counselor should have the heart of benevolence, should be tas agentlemannotbe insatiable in learning and teaching, should have the thought ofthe world rise and fall, fortunes ofstate in an effort to promote the counselor′s professional ethics quality of thinking and suggestion.

Capacitação para quê? O que pensam conselheiros de saúde da região Sudeste / Training for what? What health counselors in the Southeastern region think about the topic

Comunidade de prática (CoP) é um termo recente e que se aplica a indivíduos que compartilham um objetivo comum que pode englobar desde uma temática específica, um problema ou uma paixão, sendo o aprendizado em conjunto e o sentimento de pertença os diferenciais dessa teoria que pode refletir, positivamente, na aquisição de conhecimento como um processo participativo. Este artigo procura averiguar a pertinência da construção de uma comunidade de prática para conselheiros de saúde dentro da política do Sistema Único (SUS) de valorizar a participação popular. Nesta direção, investigamos a opinião de 108 conselheiros de saúde da região Sudeste do país e com acesso à Internet. Qual é a visão deles sobre a estruturação e capacitação dentro dos Conselhos de Saúde? E o que acreditam seja importante para melhorar sua atuação dentro dos Conselhos?.

Community of Practice (CoP) is a recent term that applies to individuals who share a common goal that can range from a specific theme, a problem or a passion, whereby learning together and the feeling of belonging to the differentials of this theory can reflect positively on the acquisition of knowledge as a participatory process. This article seeks to ascertain the relevance of building a community of practice for health counselors within the policy of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) to enhance popular participation. In this respect, the opinions of 108 health counselors with Internet access in the Southeast of the country were investigated. What are their views on the structure and training within the Health Councils? And what do they consider to be important in order to enhance their performance within the Councils?.

Practice and exploration of district management in our university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

District management is a new term in universities' ideological and political education.This paper took Chongqing Medical University as an example and gave a general introduction to the universities' ideological and political education from the background,outstanding features and advantages including settling counselors in district,arousing enthusiasm for work,managing by functional departments together,faculties and students taking part in district management,etc.All these measures can be of help to universities' ideological and political educators.

Deficiência, políticas públicas e bioética: percepção de gestores públicos e conselheiros de direitos / Disability, public policies and bioethics: the perception of public administrators and legal counselors

Tomando como base reflexões bioéticas sobre direitos humanos, realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório sobre a percepção de conselheiros e gestores públicos acerca da deficiência. Para tanto, foi conduzido um survey com 50 participantes, distribuídos em dois grupos: 29 conselheiros de direitos da pessoa com deficiência e 21 especialistas em políticas públicas e gestão governamental. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. De modo geral, os resultados apontaram que, para os conselheiros, a deficiência é uma questão social que deve ser compartilhada em sociedade; ao passo que, para os gestores, trata-se sobretudo de uma tragédia pessoal circunscrita à esfera individual e familiar. Hipotetiza-se que tal visão diferenciada decorre de perspectivas diferentes em relação à alocação dos recursos públicos. Destaca-se, também, a importância da vivência da deficiência, ou a convivência com pessoas com deficiência, para fundamentar a avaliação da qualidade e a satisfação com a vida experimentada pelas pessoas com deficiência e contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas. Recomendam-se estudos semelhantes com amostras mais abrangentes e diversificadas, assim como a adoção de metodologias qualitativas e participativas.

A descriptive study of the perception of public administrators and counselors regarding disability was conducted on the basis of bioethical reflections on human rights. The survey involved 50 participants, divided into two groups: 29 counselors on the rights of disabled people and 21 specialists in public policies and government administration. The data obtained was submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. In general, the results showed that for counselors disability is a social issue and should be shared by society, whereas for public administrators it is predominantly a personal tragedy limited to the individual and family sphere. It is considered that this differentiated view arises from different perspectives regarding the allocation of public resources. It is also necessary to stress the importance of living with a disability, or living with people with disabilities, to base the assessment of quality and satisfaction with life experienced by people with disabilities and contribute to the elaboration of public policies. Similar studies with more comprehensive and diversified samples are recommended, as well as the adoption of participative and qualitative methodologies.

La Orientación Vocacional en las escuelas argentinas: Necesidad de políticas públicas y de nuevas prácticas de orientación / The Vocational Guidance in argentinian schools: The need of a public policy and new guidance practices

En esta publicación se presentan por primera vez los resultados finales de una evaluación realizada a servicios de orientación de escuelas de nivel medio, a partir de los datos obtenidos de la investigación: "La Orientación Vocacional en la Argentina" (1999-2003), estudio en el que participaron equipos de nueve universidades nacionales. Los resultados finales obtenidos, que fueron procesados durante 2008, muestran que los servicios de orientación en las escuelas son precarios y adolecen de varios problemas. Estos incluyen la carencia de políticas macro institucionales en el campo; de profesionales con especialización adecuada; de recursos materiales y técnicos, e inadecuada vinculación con organismos laborales. Esta información es un insumo de interés para la investigación "Educación para la Orientación: Proyectos y construcción identitaria de jóvenes escolarizados" (P054, Programación UBACyT 2008-2010) cuyo objetivo es evaluar los dispositivos de orientación que se utilizan en dos servicios de la Universidad de Buenos Aires¹.

In this paper, the final results of the evaluation of guidance services in high schools are presented for the first time, the data given obtained in research on vocational guidance in Argentina (1999-2003), involving the participation of teams from nine national universities. Results obtained, which were processed during 2008, show that guidance services in schools are precarious and have many problems. These include the lacks of macro institutional policies in the field; counselors with adequate expertise; material and technical resources, and inadequate networking among relevant organizations. These data are the basic component of the research project entitled "Education for Guidance and the Projects and Personal Identity Constructions of young people" (P054, UBACyT 2008-2010), whose objective is to evaluate the guidance strategies and methods that are used in two services of the University of Buenos Aires.

Inclusão digital e conselheiros de saúde: uma política para a redução da desigualdade social no Brasil / Digital inclusion and health counselors: a policy for the reduction of social inequalities in Brazil

Inequalities in health conditions remain even twenty years after the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). This condition burdens social movements exerting social control on the health care area with a continuous fight. In this struggle, the accumulation of political power is related to an increase in the capacity to acquire knowledge and information. This study aims at fathoming the inequality surrounding the digital inclusion of Health Counselors (HC) of different regions within the country. We have adopted the qualitative survey method, which employs the Focal Groups technique, with HC representing managers, services providers, workers and users, all from national, state and municipal levels. Four aspects were examined, comprising reading and writing habits; Internet utilization; the use of health indicators; and the role of information in the Council-State-Society relation. Results have evidenced the need to broaden the foundations of digital inclusion initiatives in the health care area, and to overcome the cross-sector challenge of linking them to politics and education. By using benchmarks of educational philosophy, we were able to outline a theoretical-analytical matrix as a contribution to understanding the complexity involved in fostering digital inclusion in the health care area.

Após vinte anos do SUS, a desigualdade nas condições de saúde da população permanece como uma realidade, impondo aos movimentos sociais que exercem o controle social sobre a saúde uma contínua luta. Nesse embate, o acúmulo de força política está relacionado ao aumento da capacidade de apropriação de conhecimento e informação. Conhecer dimensões da desigualdade na inclusão digital de conselheiros de saúde (CS) de diferentes regiões do país é o objetivo desse trabalho. O método adotado foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da técnica de grupos focais com CS representantes dos gestores, dos prestadores, dos trabalhadores e dos usuários, atuantes na esfera nacional, estadual ou municipal. Foram trabalhadas quatro dimensões, abrangendo: o hábito de leitura e de redigir textos; o uso da Internet; o uso de indicadores de saúde e o papel da informação na relação Conselho-Estado-Sociedade. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de se ampliar a fundamentação das ações de inclusão digital em saúde, articulando-a, então, à política e à educação, enquanto desafio intersetorial. Utilizando referenciais da filosofia da educação, delineia-se matriz teórico-analítica como contribuição ao entendimento da complexidade que envolve promover a inclusão digital na Saúde.

Participação, controle social e exercício da cidadania: a (des)informação como obstáculo à atuação dos conselheiros de saúde / Participation, social control and exercise of citizenship: (dis)information as an obstacle to health counselors

Para fortalecer o exercício do controle social na política de saúde, é necessário o efetivo conhecimento do SUS; da legislação; da realidade epidemiológica, assistencial, financeira, política, etc. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou dimensionar o nível de informação e conhecimento dos Conselheiros Municipais de Saúde de Viçosa - MG, em relação a suas atribuições e funções. Os elementos de análise do estudo foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de abril a julho de 2006, e a observação direta das reuniões. Do total de 44 conselheiros, 34 (77,3 por cento) foram entrevistados; destes, 17 (50 por cento) são representantes dos usuários, oito (23,5 por cento) são representantes do Governo Municipal, sete (20,6 por cento) são representantes dos prestadores de serviço e dois (5,9 por cento) são representantes dos profissionais de saúde. Observa-se que 41,2 por cento de conselheiros desconhecem o Regimento Interno, o que poderia estar dificultando o exercício de suas competências. O Plano Municipal de Saúde não é utilizado como um instrumento de consulta para avaliação das ações e serviços de saúde pelos conselheiros, pois a maioria (73,5 por cento) afirma não o ter lido. A possibilidade de os conselheiros contribuírem para fiscalizar as execuções financeiras e orçamentárias do Fundo de Saúde Municipal se torna restrita, pois 67,6 por cento dos entrevistados não sabem analisar o Relatório de Gestão; 79,4 por cento dos conselheiros nunca receberam capacitação e 85 por cento relataram sentir necessidade de ser capacitados para atuar no conselho. A participação e o controle social conferem transparência ao bem público e, partindo do pressuposto que só se pode controlar aquilo que se conhece, justifica-se a necessidade contínua de cursos de capacitação para os conselheiros.

To strengthen the exercise of social control in health politics, it is really necessary to know the Unified Health System; the legislation; the epidemiological reality, assistance, financial, political, and so on. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the level of information and knowledge of the Municipal Health Counselors in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, concerning their attributions and functions. The elements of analysis of the study were semi-structured interviews conducted from April to July 2006, and the direct observation of meetings. From 44 counselors, 34 (77.3 percent) were interviewed, 17 (50 percent) are users' representatives; eight (23.5 percent) are representatives of the municipal government; seven (20.6 percent) are representatives of the service; and two (5.9 percent) are representatives of health professionals. It can be noticed that 41.2 percent of counselors ignore the Internal Regiment, what could hinder the fulfillment of their competences. The health plan is not used for evaluation of health actions and services for the counselors, because most of them (73.5 percent) declared not having read it. The possibility of counselors helping supervise the financial and budgetary executions of the Municipal Health Fund restrains it, since 67.6 percent of the interviewees cannot analyze the administration report; 79.4 percent of the counselors never received training and 85 percent told need being qualified to act in the council. Participation and social control provide transparence to the public good and, based on the premise that one can only control what one knows, the need of continuing training courses for counselors is confirmed.

Job Burnout of Psychological Counselors / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the extent of psychological counselors’ job burnout. Methods:171 psychological counselors were tested by MBI-HSS.Results:(1) In the aspects of demographic variables, male experienced higher cynicism(t=2.233,P