ABSTRACT
Atualmente, dentre os diversos arranjos familiares, a família multiespécie, composta tanto por humanos, como por animais tem aumentado no contexto social. Nestas famílias, verifica-se que muitos casais optam por não ter filhos ou adiam a maternidade/paternidade, cuidando de seus pets como membros da família. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a motivação dos casais que optam por não ter filhos e que possuem animais de estimação. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito indivíduos em união estável. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir da análise temática. Foi encontrado que os casais consideram seus pets como membros da família e alguns casais os tratam como filhos, porém compreendem a diferença entre ter um pet e um filho. Por fim, percebeu-se a escassez de pesquisas referentes a casais sem filhos e com pets no contexto brasileiro, desse modo, são necessárias novas pesquisas nesta área.
Currently, amongst the various family arrangements, the multi-species family, composed of both humans and animals are growing in the social environment. Many couples in these families appear not to want to have children or just postpone it, taking care of their pets as family members. Therefore, this research intents to help in comprehension of the motivation behind these scenarios, where couples choose not to have children and have pets instead. An exploratory and qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with eight individuals in a common-law marriage. The interviews were analyzed based on the thematic analysis. It was discovered that the couples consider pets as their family members and also some of the couples treat them as their children, but they understand the differences between having a pet and having a child. Lastly, there is a lack of research with couples with pets and without children in the Brazillian environment, so further research in this area is needed.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue mostrar cuáles son las transformaciones que las investigaciones manifiestan sobre la familia e identificar si las parejas sin hijos son consideradas como una tipología emergente de configuración familiar. A partir de una investigación documental al modo de estado del arte, se recolectaron 35 artículos entre 1992 y 2017, que se analizaron desde una perspectiva hermenéutica a partir de los núcleos temáticos "definición y transformación del concepto de 'familia'" y "perspectivas investigativas en torno a la relación entre parejas sin hijos y familia". La mayoría concuerda con que la consanguinidad y la procreación ya no son criterios indispensables para conformar una familia, y así, las parejas sin hijos se constituyen como una nueva tipología familiar que se caracteriza por modos más equitativos, consensuales y democráticos de tomar decisiones; todo esto, bajo el contexto social de una profunda transformación de los roles de género desde el siglo XX.
Abstract The objective of the work reported was to show the transformations the research shows about the family and to identify if couples without children are considered as an emerging typology of family configuration. The importance of the relationship between the categories of family and a couple without children is that this is a time when a significant reduction in the birth rate can be seen worldwide. Furthermore, households made up of couples who state that they do not want to have children also represent a striking increase. On the other hand, this phenomenon has led to the emergence of research categories such as DINK, Childfree and NoMo families, which converge in the increase of couples without children and of women who do not wish to have children. From a documentary research under the modality of the state of the art, 35 articles were collected for this study between 1992 and 2017, which were analyzed from a hermeneutic perspective from the thematic nuclei "definition and transformation of the concept of 'family'" and "Research perspectives on the relationship between childless couples and family". The search required the following categories in Spanish and English: "significado de familia/meaning of family", "definición de familia/definition of family", "concepto de familia/family concept", "parejas sin hijos/couple without children/childfree/NoMo", "nuevas tipologías familiares/new family typologies", "familia DINK/DINK family" y "familia moderna/modern family". The databases taken into account for the study were Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet Plus, Psicodoc, EBSCO, DOAJ, Redalyc and Google Academic. Most research agrees that consanguinity and procreation are no longer essential criteria for forming a family, and thus, couples without children are constituted as a new family typology characterized by more equitable, consensual and democratic ways of making decisions. The main reason for this change is the new place that women have conquered in society after decades of struggle for their rights, favoring a questioning of the patriarchal system and the hegemonic model of the family called the nuclear family. The discussions about gender imaginaries that began with greater force in the 20th century, give a place to women in working life that, over time, has favored a questioning about the relationship between motherhood and being a woman. Research presents different criteria to define the family, which shows that this is a time when there is not one model but several family models. For its part, this diversity has been expressed not only in the dimension of social representations but also in the legal sphere; This is expressed this way, since several investigations in the field of law show transformations in Latin American constitutions by ways of understanding the family in a more plural way and based on fundamental rights. Finally, the collection of research shows that the study on the category of couples without children is incipient, that is, it corresponds to a phenomenon that, despite enjoying statistical evidence, can be considered emergent in culture insofar as its relevance corresponds to the last decades. Most studies that deal directly or indirectly with the category of childless couple, consider this form of bond as a form of family and explain how at this time this definition is mainly determined by affective criteria, values built between the members, and relational dynamics; leaving in the background the criteria of consanguinity or kinship from the nuclear model.