Contaminantes microbianos en cervezas artesanales embotelladas de la Patagonia andina argentina / Microbial contaminants in bottled craft beer of Andean Patagonia, Argentina

Resumen La actividad cervecera en la Patagonia andina argentina tiene un rol muy importante en la economía de la región; una de las problemáticas que enfrenta, en términos de calidad, son las contaminaciones microbianas. La presencia de bacterias y levaduras contaminantes en la cerveza produce cambios microbiológicos, físicos y químicos, que impactan en sus atributos sensoriales. No obstante, pocas cervecerías establecen criterios y políticas que garanticen la calidad microbiológica de sus productos. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar por primera vez la incidencia de contaminantes microbianos en cervezas artesanales embotelladas producidas en la Patagonia andina argentina, además de identificar los principales microorganismos involucrados y determinar posibles relaciones entre los eventos de contaminación y variables fisicoquímicas de la cerveza. Para ello se analizaron 75 cervezas provenientes de 37 cervecerías de 12 localidades andinas. El 69,3% de las muestras analizadas evidenció crecimiento de microorganismos en los medios de cultivo empleados para la detección de contaminantes cerveceros. La bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis y levaduras del género Saccharomyces fueron los principales contaminantes identificados. Se comprobó que las contaminaciones microbianas impactaron sobre el perfil sensorial de la cerveza y que el cambio de pH fue un indicador de contaminación por bacterias lácticas. De cada 10 fábricas estudiadas, 8 presentaron problemas de contaminación, lo que pone en evidencia la necesidad de diseñar estrategias de prevención y control de contaminaciones en microcervecerías.

Abstract The brewing activity in Andean Patagonia plays a very important role in the region's economy, being microbial contamination one of the main problems in terms of quality. The presence of contaminant bacteria and wild yeasts in beer generate microbiological, physical and chemical changes that impact on its sensory attributes. However, few breweries establish criteria and policies to guarantee the quality of their products in a microbiological sense. The purpose of this work was to study for the first time the incidence of microbial contaminants in bottled craft beers from Andean Patagonia, identify the main microorganisms involved and establish relationships between contamination and the physicochemical variables of beer. We analyzed 75 beers from 37 breweries from 12 different Patagonian cities. Our results showed that 69.3% of the analyzed beer exhibited contaminant microorganism growth. Bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis and wild yeasts of Saccharomyces were the main microorganisms responsible for these contaminations. In addition, we found that microbial contamination had an impact on beer sensory profile and also that pH was correlated with the presence of lactic acid bacteria in beer, being an indicator of contamination for these bacteria. In conclusion, we observed that 8 out of 10 breweries studied showed contamination problems, highlighting the need to design prevention and control strategies in microbreweries.

Ciência no feminino e narrativas de pesquisa: PesquisarCOM e a artesania na pesquisa / Science in the feminine and research narratives: ResearchWITH and crafts in research / La ciencia en femenina y narrativas de investigación: InvestigarCOM e a artesanía en investigación

Compartilharemos narrativas de pesquisa baseadas em nossa prática como pesquisadoras. Entendemos que narrar, pesquisar e tecer são processos entrelaçados que nos lançam em ações peculiares e imprevisíveis no encontro com o campo de pesquisa. A pesquisa é uma prática arriscada, envolve transformações que se constituem como um fazer artesanal e uma política ontológica: se não existe uma realidade dada de antemão, que realidades são realizadas com nossas práticas de pesquisa? Para que e para quem produzimos conhecimento? Discutiremos políticas de pesquisa a partir de um conhecimento local, situado e encarnado. Assim, compartilharemos o que produzimos em nossos grupos de pesquisa. Nossas produções científicas estão entrelaçadas como uma rede de conexões e afetações, guiadas pelo PesquisarCOM, ou seja, por uma maneira de fazer pesquisas que se entrelaçam com os outros e não sobre eles. Enfatizamos essa experiência como uma forma de fazer ciência no feminino e entendemos esse fazer como artesanal.

We will share research narratives based on our practice as researchers. We understand that narrating, researching and weaving are intertwined processes that throw us into peculiar and unpredictable actions in the encounter with the research field. Research is a risky practice, it involves transformations that constitute a craft and an ontological policy: If there is no reality given beforehand, what realities are accomplished with our research practices? For what and to whom do we produce knowledge? We will discuss research policies based on local knowledge, situated and embodied. Therefore we will share what we produce in our research groups. Our scientific productions are intertwined as a network of connections and affectations, guided by ResearchWITH, that is, a way of doing research that intertwines with others and not about them. We emphasize this experience as a way of doing science in the feminine and we understand this process as crafted.

Compartiremos narrativas de investigación basadas en nuestra práctica como investigadores. Entendemos que narrar, investigar y tejer son procesos entrelazados que nos lanzan a acciones peculiares e impredecibles en el encuentro con el campo de investigación. La investigación es una práctica arriesgada, implica transformaciones que constituyen un hacer artesanal y una política ontológica: si no se da una realidad de antemano, ¿qué realidades se realizan con nuestras prácticas de investigación? ¿Qué y para quién producimos conocimiento? Discutiremos las políticas de investigación basadas en el conocimiento local, situado y encarnado. Entonces compartiremos lo que producimos en nuestros grupos de investigación. Nuestras producciones científicas están entrelazadas como una red de conexiones y afectos, guiados por InvestigarCOM, es decir, una forma de hacer una investigación que se entrelaza con otros y no sobre ellos. Hacemos hincapié en esta experiencia como una forma de hacer ciencia en lo femenino y entendemos esto como hecho a mano.

Perceived Opportunities to Craft Scale: adaptation and evidence of the construct validity of the Brazilian version

Abstract Employees' perceived opportunities to craft (POCs) influence actual job crafting behavior, which may have consequences for their well-being and work performance. This study aimed to validate the perceived opportunities to craft scale (POCS) in the Brazilian context. We collected data from Brazilian employees (N = 1451) in two separate samples. The factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the POCS were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA), and external variables. The results indicated that the POCS-Brazilian version (with seven-point and five-point Likert scale) replicated the unidimensional structure of the original instrument. POCs showed significant positive and moderate correlations with occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and job crafting, and negative associations with workaholism. Both POCS-Brazilian versions were reliable according to three types of reliability indexes and also showed discriminant and convergent validity evidence.

Caracterização da feira livre de Rio Pomba, MG e qualidade dos alimentos artesanais comercializados

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho caracterizar o perfil dos integrantes da feira livre da cidade de Rio Pomba, MG, bem como, determinar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica dos alimentos comercializados. Foram aplicados questionários aos feirantes contendo questões referentes à origem das matérias-primas, da água, modo de processamento, dentre outras. Amostras indicativas dos alimentos foram coletadas, acondicionadas a 4,0 °C e encaminhadas para realização de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Constatou-se falta de padronização durante o processamento da maioria dos produtos lácteos. Além disso, 57,1% das amostras desses alimentos estavam em desacordo com o preconizado pela RDC nº 12 da ANVISA. Entretanto, em relação à qualidade microbiológica, as amostras dos demais alimentos avaliados estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente. Portanto, há necessidade de treinamento e capacitação dos feirantes quanto às boas práticas de fabricação, bem como quanto às tecnologias empregadas a fim de garantir a produção de alimentos seguros e que atendam aos requisitos de qualidade estabelecidos na legislação.

The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of the members of the free market in the city of Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil, as well as to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of foods commercialized. Questionnaires containing questions regarding the origin of raw materiais, water, processing methods, among others, were applied to fairs. Indicative samples of foods were collected, conditioned at 4.0 °C and sent to perform physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes. There was a lack of standardization during processing of most dairy products. In addition, 57.1% of these foods samples were in disagreement with the standard recommended by the RDC n° 12 of ANVISA. However, in relation to the microbiological quality, samples of other foods evaluated were in agreement with the current legislation. Therefore, there is a need for training of fairs on good manufacturing practices, as well as on the technologies used to ensure the production of safe foods, which meet the quality requirements established in the legislation.

The power of managerialism in the organization of the local craft

This paper aims to discuss the influence of managerialism in the organization of local craft in the context of the Brazilian neoliberal reformations of the 1980s -1990s. By examining documents which contain the directives of these policies, we face a discourse that imposes the formation of an "enterprising mentality", mainly through the attaining of short-term training courses. Therefore, we reflect if the enterprization of craftwork can really be synonymous with development, i.e. if giving a new meaning to the craftsperson under the epithet of entrepreneurs, and imposing changes on their work philosophy, is something welcome and desirable. The originality of this work consists in its highlighting that policies of this nature tend to massify the production, the consumption and the taste for cultural goods, and moreover to cause an uncritical acceptance of what we call subordinate entrepreneurship.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del gerencialismo en la organization de la artesania local, en el contexto de las reformas neoliberales de los anos 1980-1990 en Brasil. Mediante el examen de los documentos que contiene las directivas de estas politicas, nos enfrentamos a un discurso que impone la formation de una "mentalidad emprendedora", principalmente a traves de la consecution de cursos de formation de corta duration. Por tanto, se reflexiona si la empresarizacion de la artesania puede ser realmente sinonimo de desarrollo, es decir, si se da un nuevo significado a los artesanos bajo el epiteto de los empresarios, y la imposition de cambios en su filosofia de trabajo, es algo bienvenido y deseable. La originalidad de este trabajo esta en poner de relieve que las politicas de esta naturaleza tienden a masificar la production, el consumo y el gusto por los bienes culturales y, por otra parte, para causar una aceptacion acritica de lo que denominamos emprendimiento subalterno.

Terapia ocupacional en salud mental de corta estadía en clínica de atención privada / Occupational therapy in short term mental health care in a private clinic

Presentamos la experiencia de 12 años atendiendo pacientes que padecen patologías psiquiátricas agudas, en un servicio de corta estadía, inserto en una clínica de atención general, universitaria y privada. Se diseñó un programa de atención semanal que incluye variadas actividades. Las intervenciones son desarrolladas por el equipo de terapia ocupacional en una sala dentro del servicio de hospitalización, a la cual se integran los pacientes en cuanto la sintomatología lo permite. El programa se ajusta a las necesidades e intereses de los usuarios de cada semana, sus características de flexibilidad permite que las actividades con propósito, forma, significado y en un contexto adecuado promuevan la recuperación. Los pacientes son entrevistados y evaluados al inicio del proceso terapéutico y evolucionados después de las actividades en las que participan, sean individuales o grupales, siendo discutidos entre las TO y también con el equipo tratante. La psicoeducación familiar y la docencia a estudiantes de TO y medicina es otra parte importante de nuestra rutina laboral. Un 81 por ciento de los pacientes perciben la ayuda recibida de TO como beneficiosa. Máxima calificación consignada en una tesis doctoral (2012) realizada en la clínica en pacientes con intento de suicidio grave. Desde el 2001 han ingresado 4.150 pacientes de los cuales sobre el 95 por ciento participan en TO. El 2011 recibimos 47 por ciento trastornos del ánimo, seguido de 18 por ciento adicciones; 9,1 por ciento esquizofrenia; 6 por ciento T. Alimentarios. La modalidad de trabajo descrita ha demostrado ser posible y muy bien evaluada por los pacientes, familias y alumnos.

We presented this nearly 12 year-long experience in treating acute psychiatric patients in mental health services be fitting the concept of a short term mental health care in a private general care clinic at university level. A weekly care program was designed and it includes several activities. The interventions are carried out by an occupational therapy staff; patients join in as soon as their symptoms allow them. The program adapts to the needs and interests of the patients each week, so its flexibility allows us to ensure that the activities have a purpose and meaning, in a context that enhances recovery. Patients are interviewed and evaluated at the beginning of the therapeutic process and again after participating in activities, whether individual or in a group. Their progress is constantly discussed among the occupational therapists and with the rest of the staff involved. Psychoeducational family and OT and medicine student training is another important part of the daily routine. 81 percent of the patients acknowledge the aid as helpful. Top ranking indicated in a doctoral thesis (2012) carried out in the clinic with strong suicidal attempts patients. Since 2001, 4,150 patients have been registered, and 95 percent are in a occupational therapy program. In 2011, registered 47 percent are diagnosed with mood disorders, followed by 18 percent substance abuse 9.1 percent schizophrenia; 6 percent eating disorders. The working mode described above has proven possible and very well rated by patients, families and students

Good and harmful neonatal practices among pregnant women in peri-urban area of Aligarh.

Background: Neonatal mortality in developing countries is one of the most important problems that need immediate attention in order to achieve Millennium Development Goals. Aims & Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant women regarding good and harmful neonatal practices. Material and Methods: Study Design: A community based study. Setting: Field practice areas of Urban Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh. Participants: 200 pregnant women. Sampling: Purposive sampling. Study Period: one year. Statistical Analysis: Data analysed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour was done only in 16% of babies. Colostrum was given by 41% mothers. 20% babies were exclusively breastfed. Witch craft in neonatal illness was noticed in 70% babies. Majority of babies (97%) were applied kajal in the eyes. Prelacteal feeds were given in 80% and pacifiers in 72.5% babies. All the home deliveries except one were conducted by untrained dais. Untrained Dai did not wash their hands with soap and water in 64.5% of home deliveries. Dark and ill-ventilated room for conducting the delivery was used in 82% deliveries. The cord was cut with a used blade, or any unsterile scissors, knife, or sickle, broken cup in 68.8% of deliveries. Application of ghee/ cow dung on the cord was done in 93.5% deliveries. 100% newborns were given bath soon after birth. Delivery room was not warm in 54.6% of deliveries. Conclusion: It was concluded that harmful newborn care practices were common. This can be attributed largely to dais because most of deliveries were conducted at home. Some good practices were prevalent in the community like new blade, delivery in a warm room, practice of rooming-in.

Impact of behaviour change communication among pregnant women regarding good and harmful traditional practices.

Background: Neonatal survival is influenced much by care provided by the family before, during and after delivery, which in turn is influenced by mother’s beliefs, and perceptions of her immediate family. Objective: To assess the behaviour of pregnant women regarding good and harmful neonatal care practices. 2. Implementation and assessing impact of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Package among pregnant women regarding good and harmful neonatal care practices. Methods: A community based intervention study was conducted in the field practice area of the Urban Health Training Centre, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. 200 pregnant women were enrolled purposively. Data were analyzed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: Due to implementation of BCC Package in intervention, good practices like giving colostrum were increased two times. Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour was increased 4.7 times, exclusive breastfeeding was gone up 3.8 times and induction of burping was increased 6 times. There was significant difference (P–value <0.05) between the two groups on 7th and 28th days of delivery. Harmful practices like not washing hand were decreased 3.83 times, use of dark and ill-ventilated room was decreased 2.54 times, and practice of cutting the cord with a used blade, or any unsterile scissors, knife, or sickle, broken cup was decreased 3 folds. Application of ghee/ cow dung on the cord was decrease significantly. Practices of prelacteals and use of pacifier, application of kajal, and witch craft for neonatal illnesses were reduced significantly. Conclusion: There was significant improvement in pregnant women regarding traditional neonatal practices. Some practices had not changed due to some strong cultural beliefs and influence of mother in-law and elderly females of the family.

O ofício como operador de saúde / Work as a service of health

O texto trata da situação de trabalho atual em que os chamados riscos psicossociais se tornam uma preocupação para a gestão do trabalho. Apresenta uma crítica aos modos como a questão vem sendo enfrentada pelas empresas na França, propondo outras saídas, fundamentadas na linha teórica da clínica da atividade. Conclui pela importância do cuidar do ofício em todas as suas instâncias: impessoal, transpessoal, interpessoal e pessoal. Cada profissional, com seus colegas, é responsável por manter a arquitetura do ofício, no contato com as surpresas do real, sustentá-la naquilo que a mantém de pé: a qualidade do trabalho sempre posta em questão. A saúde no trabalho talvez tenha aí sua fonte...

The text discusses the present work conditions in which the so called "psychosocial risks" become worries for the work management. Some criticism is presented to the ways the issue has been dealt with by French enterprises, proposing other ways out, based on the clinic of activity. It concludes by the importance of taking care of work in all its instances: impersonal, transpersonal, interpersonal and personal. It is each professional's responsibility towards their colleagues to maintain the work's architecture in contact with the surprises of reality, sustaining it by the means of continuous questioning of the quality of work. Health at work might spring from this...

Study on preparation technology of compound Danshen pulsatile release pellets / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To prepare compound Danshen adhesion pulsatile release pellets. METHODS: Different coating materials were used. Swelling layer, controlled-release layer and adhesive layer were packed on drug-containing pellets from inside to outside. The coating effect on the dissolution was studied. The coating formulation was optimized. The adhesiveness of the pellets was e-valuated. RESULTS: The release delay and rate were affected by the materials of swelling layer, controlled-release layer and adhesive layer, the weight of coating layer, and the type and quantity of plasticizer. CONCLUSION: With the best coating prescription, a delay of 4.5 h in drug release was reached in simulated changing human gastrointestinal pH environment. The cumulative release reached more than 80% 1.5 h post the release lag, indicating a pulsatile release effect.

Cierre de fístula oroantral con injerto óseo y con rotación y avance de colgajo palatino / Surgical repair oroantral fistula with a rotation and advancement palatal flap and autologous bone graft

La fístula oroantral se presenta entre otras causas como resultado de la extracción de un molar en relación al maxilar Como consecuencia el paciente presenta episodios de sinusitis de evolución tórpida y refractaria a tratamiento médico, siendo la reparación quirúrgica su mejor solución, existiendo distintas técnicas. El objetivo de este caso es mostrar la experiencia de un paciente operado mediante la utilización de un colgajo de rotación y avance palatino e injerto de hueso autólogo. Se trata de una mujer de 32 años que dos semanas después de extracción de molar superior izquierdo presenta reiterados episodios de sinusitis unilateral izquierda. Al examen físico y estudio con tomografía computarizada se diagnostica sinusitis maxilar izquierda, secundaria a fístula oroantral por extracción de pieza dentaria del maxilar. Se realiza reparación quirúrgica con utilización de un colgajo de rotación y avance palatino e injerto de hueso autólogo. Se realizó seguimiento por 6 meses con resultados óptimos, sin complicaciones ni recidivas. Las fístulas oroantrales son un problema que tiene múltiples opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico. La utilización de injertos óseos autólogos y la utilización de un colgajo de rotación y avance palatino, pretende ser una buena opción quirúrgica, permitiendo un cierre definitivo del defecto.

Oroantral fistula occurs between other causes as a result of the extraction of a molar in relation to the maxillary bone. As a result the patient experiences episodes of sinusitis refractory to medical treatment. Surgical repair remains the best solution, there are different techniques. The aim is to show our experience of one case operated using a rotation and advancement palatal flap and autologous bone graft. The clinical case is a 32 year old woman that two weeks after removal of upper left molar suffers repeated episodes of unilateral sinusitis. Physical examination and computed tomography shown left maxillary chronic sinusitis secondary to an oroantral fistula, due to tooth extraction from maxillary bone. Surgical repair is performed using a rotation and advancement palatal flap and autologous bone graft. Six months following there was no complication neither recurrent sinusitis, with optimal results. Oroantral fistula is a problem that has multiple options for surgery. The use of autologous bone graft and rotation and advancement palatal flap intended to be a good surgical option, allowing closure of the defect.

Desfechos clínicos por região geográfica em pacientes com implante de stent eluidor de Zotarolimus / Clinical outcomes by geographic region for patients implanted with the zotarolimus-eluting stent / Desenlaces clínicos por región geográfica en pacientes con implante de Stent liberador de Zotarolimus

FUNDAMENTO: Diferenças entre regiões geográficas em relação à características de pacientes e desfechos, particularmente em síndromes coronarianas agudas, tem sido demonstradas em testes clínicos. Os desfechos clínicos após intervenções coronarianas percutâneas com o stent eluidor de Zotarolimus em uma população real foram analisados com o tempo. OBJETIVO: A influência da localização geográfica sobre os desfechos clínicos com o stent eluidor de Zotarolimus foi avaliada em três regiões: Pacífico Asiático, Europa e América Latina. MÉTODOS: Um total de 8.314 pacientes (6.572 da Europa, 1.522 do Pacífico Asiático e 220 da América Latina) foram acompanhados por 1 ano; 2.116 desses (1.613, 316, e 187, respectivamente) foram acompanhados por 2 anos. Características dos pacientes e lesões, terapia antiplaquetária dupla e desfechos clínicos foram comparados entre a América Latina e as outras duas regiões. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes da América Latina apresentavam a maior proporção de fatores de risco e infarto do miocárdio prévio. O uso da terapia antiplaquetária dupla declinou rapidamente na América Latina, de 44,9 por cento em 6 meses para 22,5 por cento em 1 ano e 7,8 por cento em 2 anos (Europa: 87,4 por cento, 61,5 por cento, 19,7 por cento; Pacífico Asiático: 82,4 por cento, 67,0 por cento, 45,7 por cento, respectivamente). Não houve diferenças significantes entre a América Latina e a Europa ou Pacífico Asiático para qualquer desfecho em qualquer ponto do tempo. A incidência de trombose de stent provável e definitiva pelo Academic Research Consortium foi baixa (<1,2 por cento) entre todos os pacientes em 1 ano e 2 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Os desfechos clínicos foram comparáveis entre os pacientes da América Latina e Europa, e América Latina e Pacífico Asiático, a despeito dos subgrupos clínicos menos favoráveis na América Latina, perfil de risco mais elevado e menor uso acentuado de terapia antiplaquetária dupla com o tempo.

BACKGROUND: Differences between geographic regions in patient characteristics and outcomes, particularly for acute coronary syndromes, have been demonstrated in clinical trials. Clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions with the Zotarolimus-eluting stent in a real-world population were assessed over time. OBJECTIVE: The influence of geographic location on clinical outcomes with the Zotarolimus-eluting stent was assessed in 3 regions: Asia Pacific, Europe, and Latin America. METHODS: A total of 8,314 patients (6,572 Europe, 1,522 Asia Pacific, and 220 Latin America) were followed for 1 year; 2,116 of these (1,613, 316, and 187, respectively) were followed for 2 years. Patient and lesion characteristics, dual antiplatelet therapy, and clinical outcomes were compared between Latin America and the other regions. RESULTS: Patients in Latin America had the highest proportions of risk factors and prior myocardial infarction. Dual antiplatelet therapy usage rapidly declined in Latin America, from 44.9 percent at 6 months to 22.5 percent at 1 year and 7.8 percent at 2 years (Europe: 87.4 percent, 61.5 percent, 19.7 percent; Asia Pacific: 82.4 percent, 67.0 percent, 45.7 percent). There were no significant differences between Latin America and Europe or Asia Pacific for any outcome at either time point. The incidence of Academic Research Consortium definite and probable stent thrombosis was low (<1.2 percent) among all patients at 1 year and 2 years. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcomes were comparable between patients in Latin America and Europe, and Latin America and Asia Pacific, despite less favorable clinical subsets in Latin America, a higher risk profile, and markedly lower use of dual antiplatelet therapy over time.

FUNDAMENTO: Las diferencias entre las regiones geográficas en relación con las características de pacientes y desenlaces, sobre todo en los síndromes coronarios agudos se ha demostrado en ensayos clínicos. Los desenlaces clínicos después de las intervenciones coronarias percutáneas con stent liberador de zotarolimus en una población real se analizaron a través del tiempo. Objetivos: La influencia de la ubicación geográfica sobre los desenlaces clínicos con el stent liberador de zotarolimus se evaluó en tres regiones: Pacífico Asiático, Europa y América Latina. MÉTODOS: A total of 8,314 patients (6.572 Europe, 1.522 Asia Pacific, and 220 Latin America) were followed for 1 year; 2.116 of these (1.613, 316, and 187, respectively) were followed for 2 years. Patient and lesion characteristics, dual antiplatelet therapy, and clinical outcomes were compared between Latin America and the other regions. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes en América Latina tuvieron la mayor proporción de factores de riesgo e infarto de miocardio previo. Hubo un rápido descenso en el uso de la terapia antiplaquetaria en América Latina, el 44,9 por ciento en 6 meses para 22,5 por ciento en 1 año y 7,8 por ciento en 2 años (Europa: un 87,4 por ciento, un 61,5 por ciento, un 19,7 por ciento; Pacífico Asiático: un 82,4 por ciento, un 67,0 por ciento, un 45,7 por ciento, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias significativas entre América Latina y Europa o Pacífico Asiático para cualquier desenlace en cualquier momento. La incidencia de trombosis de stent probable y definitiva por el Academic Research Consortium fue baja (< 1,2 por ciento) entre todos los pacientes en 1 año y 2 años. CONCLUSIONES: Los desenlaces clínicos fueron comparables entre los pacientes de América Latina y Europa, y América Latina y Pacífico Asiático, pese a los subgrupos clínicos menos favorables en América Latina, perfil de riesgo más elevado y menor uso acentuado de terapia antiplaquetaria doble con el ...

Nas mãos das charuteiras, histórias de vida e de LER/DORT / In the hands of cigar makers, stories of life and RSI / En las manos de las cigarreras, historias de vida y de LER/DORT

As doenças osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho têm sido uma temática debatida e discutida nos diversos espaços do mundo contemporâneo, a exemplo da área de saúde, sindicatos e ambientes de trabalho propriamente ditos, em busca da prevenção dos riscos e da promoção e proteção à saúde da classe trabalhadora. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a acepção de risco de adoecimento em LER/DORT, nas falas das trabalhadoras que fazem charutos artesanais e em uma fábrica no município de São Gonçalo dos Campos, Bahia, Brasil. Esta pesquisa adotou como base científica a abordagem qualitativa, sendo o instrumento principal a análise narrativa das entrevistas em profundidade. Recorreu-se à observação participante e a um amplo roteiro de entrevistas para aproximação da realidade do cotidiano dessas trabalhadoras e suas LER/DORT. A reunião das informações oriundas das charuteiras revela que o trabalho é prazeroso e que todas elas têm consciência de que a atividade é determinante para o surgimento de doenças osteomusculares nos membros superiores.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have been an issue debated and discussed in the various spaces of the contemporary world: in health, trade unions and work environments themselves, in search of risk prevention and health promotion and protection of working people. This article aims to understand the sense of risk of musculoskeletal disorders, through the words of workers who make handmade cigars in a factory in the municipality of São Gonçalo dos Campos, State of Bahia, Brazil. This research adopted as a scientific basis the qualitative approach, narrative analysis of interviews being the main tool. We used participant observation and an extensive set of interviews to approach the reality of daily life of these workers and their RSI. The gathering of information from the cigar makers shows that the work is pleasant, and that all of them are aware that the activity is determinant to the development of musculoskeletaldisorders in upper limbs.

Las enfermedades Osteomusculares relacionadas con el trabajo han sido un tema debatido y discutido en los diversos espacios del mundo contemporáneo: a ejemplo del área de salud, sindicatos y ambientes de trabajo propiamente dichos, en busca de la prevención de riesgos y de la promoción y de la protección y a la salud de la clase trabajadora. Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la acepción del riesgo enfermar de LER/DORT, en palabras de las mujeres que hacen cigarros artesanales y en una fábrica en el municipio de São Gonçalo dos Campos, Bahia, Brasil. Esta investigación adoptó como base científica el abordaje cualitativo, siendo el instrumento principal el análisis narrativo de las entrevistas en profundidad. Se recurrió a la observación participativa y un amplio conjunto de entrevistas para acercarse a la realidad de la vida diaria de estas trabajadoras y sus afecciones LER/DORT. La reunión de información aportadas por las cigarreras revela que el trabajo es muy agradable, que todas ellas son conscientes de que la actividad es crucial para eldesarrollo de lesiones Osteomusculares en las extremidades superiores.

Treatment of reoperation on blood vessel prosthesis occlusion after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To review reoperation on blood vessel prosthesis occlusion after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs. Method The treatment effect of 21 patients with reoperation on blood vessel prothesis occlusion after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs was analyzed retrospectively. Results All the cases were followed up 6-36 (12 ±3) months. The limb salvage rate was 71.4%(15/21) ,the amputation rate was 28.6% (6/21). All 9 limbs that underwent revascularization from deep femoral artery reserved. Conclusions Endomembrane hyperplasy, occlusion of the inflow and outflow tracts are the major reasons for the occlusion of blood vessel prosthesis after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs. Appropriate procedures should be based on careful consideration of the occlusion reasons. Profundaplasty is an effective therapy for those who are treated by reoperation on blood vessel prosthesis occlusion in lower limbs.

Study on Preparing craft and quality control of Biyan Jiedu Granule / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the preparing craft and quality control for Biyan Jiedu Granule. Methods Medicines of Biyan Jiedu Granule were prepared with traditional methods, then extracted by water, concentrated, and then mixed with adjuvant materials into granule. TLC was used to identify milkvetch root, baical skullcap root, and radix glycyrrhizae. Results The preparing method was simple and feasible. The quality of the product was stable. TLC could identify characteristic spots. Conclusion The preparation craft is simple and convenient for quality control, providing a practical and feasible method for producing Biyan Jiedu Granule.

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Xiaochuan cataplasm / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the influence of the preparation and quality control of Xiaochuan cataplasm on its drug action. Methods Xiaochuan cataplasm was prepared with hydrosoluble polymers matrix. A sequence of tests such as adhesive force test, recontour test, paste-content test, cold-resistance test, heat-resistance test, toxicity and pharmacodynamic action tests were performed on this drug. Results Xiaochuan cataplasm contains a sound volume of medicine, and shows good adhesive property, no sensibilization and stimulation, and notable drug action. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the preparation craft of Xiao-chuan cataplasm is reasonable and practicable., the quality is controllable and the method is a safe and effective transdermal drug delivery system.

Study on Optimal Conditions for Extraction of Polygala fallax Hemsl by Orthogonal Test / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To explore the optimal conditions for extraction of Polygala fallax Hemsl. Methods Various trials were conducted to extract P. Fallax Hemsl. With L_(16) (4~5) orthogonal experiments. Results The optimal experimental parameters for extraction were 95% ethenol, dosage-liquor ration at 1:5, three-times extraction at 75℃, 1.5 hours for each extraction, and extraction rate at 11.89%. Conclusion Orthogonal test is convenient and accurate in extracting P. Fallax Hemsl.

The Douyan Mixture Preparation and Clinical Application / 浙江中医药大学学报

ObjectivePrepare the Douyan mixture and observe its clinical curative effect. Method By the methods of decoction and concentration,we have prepared the Douyan mixture and carries on the curative effect observation to 150 cases of the sinusitis. ResultThe preparation of the Douyan mixture is simple,feasible and the quality is stable,total effectiveness is 94.7%. ConclusionThe preparation of this mixture is easy to operate,its quality is easy to control and the curative effect is definite.

The contralateral C_7 transfer via prespinal route to repair the brachial plexus avulsion:A preliminary study on its clinical effect / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate a shorter and safer route for contralateral C_7 nerve root transfer. Methods Eight male patients were treated from Dec2005 to Nov.2006Their range of age was from 22 to 43 years with an average of 30 yearsFive cases had total brachial plexus avulsion.The operative delay was from 2 to 6 months(mean:4 months).The sealenus anterior muscle was transected before a prespinaJ & ret- ropharyngeal tunnel was madeThe contralateral C_7 nerve root was used to repair the upper trunk or the infra- clavicular lateral cord and posterior cord of injured side via this routeusing direct anastomosis or nerve graft- ing.Results The length of the harvested contralateral C_7 nerve root was(4.67?0.52em in the early 5 casesThe nerve graft was6.25?0.35)em long for repairing supraclavicular brachial plexus and(8.56?0.45cm long for repairing infraclavicular brachial plexusThe length of the harvested contralateral C_7 nerve root averaged 6.85cm in the other 3 cases2 of which had direct anastomosis to the residual nerve C_5 and C_6 nerve roots and the other used nerve graft of 3 cm in lengthTransient contralateral sensory symptoms were re- ported in most patientsAt 3 months followups6 patients had tingling sensation on the contralateral fingers with percussion on the injured cervical areaIpsilateral SSEP could be recorded by stimulating at 2 cm above sternoclavicular joint on the injured sideAt 7 months follow ups of 5 patientsCMAP could be recorded in bi- cepsdeltoids and infraspinatus or triceps with stimulation at Erb's pointHoweverno clinical movements was noticedAt 12 months follow ups of 3 patientswe could observe early motor and sensory function recovery of those patients to different extent.Conclusion Transection of anterior scalenus muscle shortens the length of the transfer route and allows more efficient neurotizationThe procedure is convenient and safeprovided certain precautions being usedThe principal of contralateral C_7 nerve transfer are reconstruct the anterior divi- sions of upper trunkposterior divisions of upper trunk and suprascapular nerve when repairing the supraclavic- ula brachial plexusReconstruct the lateral cord and posterior cord when repairing the infraclavicula brachial plexusPostsurgical fasting for 4 days included foods and liquids will benefit of healing of anastomosed nerves and regenerationaud avoid complications.