ABSTRACT
Craniofacial implants are being increasingly used to treat patients with sequelae of oncological resections, trauma, and congenital deficiencies, among other issues. The aim of this investigation was to establish the minimum and maximum bone dimensions present in the most used places for the insertion of craniofacial implants. A descriptive study was designed analyzing 40 human skulls using cone-beam computed tomography; in the volumetric reconstruction the points most often used in clinical investigations for the insertion of implants were selected, representing the orbital, perinasal, zygomatic bone and periauricular regions, measuring the distance between the cortical bones on the sagittal, axial and coronal planes; comparisons between gender and with other investigations with a similar aim were also made. In the supraorbital area, values of 7.92+/-1.82 mm were found and in the lateral area values of 7.54+/-0.98 mm, allowing the placement of implants 5 or 6 mm in length. In the area of the zygomatic bone, dimensions of 10.4+/-2.35 mm were obtained, allowing the placement of implants 8 mm in length. In the periauricular area values were obtained of 2.93+/-0.55 mm in the superior region and 3.1+/-0.7 mm in the inferior region, whereas in the perinasal area implants 4 mm in length can be placed. We concluded that the craniomaxillofacial bone structure presents acceptable widths for the installation of implants; the periauricular region presents lower dimensions, with the possibility of intracranial communication in areas above the external auditory meatus...
Los implantes craneofaciales están siendo cada vez más utilizado para tratar a pacientes con secuelas de resecciones oncológicas, traumatismos, y deficiencias congénitas, entre otras. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer las dimensiones óseas mínimas y máximas presentes en los lugares más utilizados para la inserción de implantes craneofaciales. Se diseño un estudio descriptivo que analizó 40 cráneos humanos utilizando cono Tomografía computarizada Cone-Beam; en la reconstrucción volumétrica fueron seleccionados los puntos más utilizados en las investigaciones clínicas para la inserción de implantes, que representan la orbital, hueso perinasal, hueso cigomático y regiones periauriculares. La medición de la distancia entre los huesos corticales en los planos sagital, axial y coronal, y las comparaciones entre el sexo y otras investigaciones con el mismo objetivo fueron realizadas. En el área supraorbital, se encontraron valores de 7,92 +/- 1,82 mm y en las áreas laterales de 7,54 +/- 0,98 mm, lo que permite la colocación de implantes de 5 o 6 mm de longitud. En el área del hueso cigomático se obtuvieron,dimensiones de 10,4 +/- 2,35 mm, permitiendo la colocación de los implantes de 8 mm de longitud. En la región periauricular se obtuvieron valores de 2,93 +/- 0,55 mm en la región superior y 3,1 +/- 0,7 mm en la región inferior, mientras que en lo zona perinasal se puede colocar implantes de 4 mm de longitud. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la estructura de los huesos craneomaxilofaciales presenta anchos aceptables para la instalación de implantes; la región periauricular presenta menores dimensiones, con la posibilidad de comunicación intracraneal en zonas sobre el meato auditivo externo...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Face/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Face , Skull , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis microflora.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and clinical strains of S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) and Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) by disk diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum cidal concentrations (MCC) were determined using modified agar dilution millpore method. The extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and was tested for antimicrobial effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with S. aureus at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of 1.25 mg/mL respectively. However the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of E. coli, K. pneumonia, C. parapsilosis and C. albicans. The use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on S. aureus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skin-abutment interface of craniofacial implants.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents , Pharmacology , Bacteria , Craniofacial Abnormalities , General Surgery , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Grape Seed Extract , Pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prostheses and Implants , Prosthesis-Related Infections , Drug Therapy , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis microflora.Methods:The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and clinical strains of S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) and Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) by disk diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum cidal concentrations (MCC) were determined using modified agar dilution millpore method. The extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and was tested for antimicrobial effects. Results: Grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with S. aureus at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of 1.25 mg/mL respectively. However the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of E. coli, K. pneumonia, C. parapsilosis and C. albicans. The use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on S.aureus. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skin-abutment interface of craniofacial implants.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer las relaciones morfométricas presentes en las regiones periorbitarias utilizadas para la instalación de implantes craneofaciales. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo utilizando 40 cráneos humanos de entre 20 y 60 años del Laboratorio de Anatomía del Departamento de Morfología de la Facultad de Odontología de Piracicaba de la Universidad Estadual de Campinas. Fueron realizadas tomografías volumétricas cone beam y a partir de la reconstrucción virtual se precisaron los puntos de análisis, basados en la literatura científica, tanto clínica como anatómica de la región. Se realizaron divisiones de la órbita respetando distancias mínimas y reparos anatómicos como el seno frontal y seno maxilar. En las mediciones realizadas, se observó que el área supraorbitaria presentaba una distancia ósea sagital de 8,14mm +/- 1,91mm, el reborde infraorbitario de 7mm +/- 1,71mm y el área lateral de órbita un promedio de 7,91mm +/- 1,15mm. Considerando que los implantes de mayor dimensión son de 6mm, la instalación de implantes en estas regiones está totalmente asegurada en términos de requerimientos de cantidad ósea regional.
The aim of this research was to study the morphometric relation present in periorbital region, used in the installation of craniofacial implants. A descriptive study was carried out using 40 skulls between 20 and 60 years of age from the Laboratório de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia da Facultade de Odontologia de Piracicaba da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Volumetric tomography with cone beam technique was used along with virtual reconstruction, with the point of analysis being selected based on the clinical and anatomical scientific literature. Orbital division was realized with minimal distance from the frontal and maxillary sinus. During measurement it was observed that the superior orbital rim presented a sagittal bone distance of 8.14mm +/- 1.91 mm; inferior orbital rim of 7mm +/- 1.71 mm, and the lateral orbital presented an average of 7.91 mm +/- 1.15 mm, considering that craniofacial implants present up to 6 mm in length, the installation of implants in this area is considered safe in terms of regional bone quantity requirements.