Effects of electroacupuncture at "Weizhong" (BL 40) on morphology and expression of CK and IL-17 in rats with bupivacaine-induced multifidus muscle injury / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Weizhong" (BL 40) on morphology and expression of creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in rats with bupivacaine-induced multifidus muscle injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a Weizhong group and a Shenshu group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the model group, Weizhong group and Shenshu group were treated with intramuscular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine to establish the model of multifidus muscle injury; the rats in the control group were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The rats in the Weizhong group and Shenshu group were treated with EA (2 Hz/10 Hz in frequency, 1~2 mA in intensity) at "Weizhong" (BL 40) and "Shenshu" (BL 23), 20 min per treatment. No treatment was given in the control group and model group. After 14-day treatment of EA, the inflammatory cell count, scar tissues area and muscle fiber cross sectional area of multifidus muscle were observed with HE and Masson staining method. The activity of CK and serum content of IL-17 were test with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method; the expression of IL-17 in multifidus muscle was measured with immunohistochcmical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After intervention, the inflammatory cell count and scar tissues area in the model group, Weizhong group and Shenshu group were higher than those in the control group (all<0.01), but the muscle fiber cross sectional area was significantly reduced (all<0.01); the inflammatory cell count and scar tissues area in the Weizhong group and Shenshu group were lower than those in the model group (all<0.01), and the muscle fiber cross sectional area was significantly increased (<0.01,<0.05). After intervention, the expression of IL-17 in multifidus muscle, serum content of IL-7 and activity of CK in the model group, Weizhong group and Shenshu group were higher than those in the control group (all<0.01); the expression of IL-17 in multifidus muscle, serum content of IL-7 and activity of CK in the Weizhong group and Shenshu group were lower than those in the model group (<0.01,<0.05); compared with the Shenshu group, the down-regulation of IL-17 was more obvisous in the Weizhong group (<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at "Weizhong" (BL 40) can down-regulate the overexpression of serum CK and IL-17, alleviate inflammation reaction and improve the repair of multifidus muscle.</p>

Comparative Levels of Total Creatine Kinase and MB-isoenzyme in Cord Blood between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section.

Comparing cord blood levels of total Creatine kinase (CK) and Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) in newborns delivered by vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Study Design: Descriptive prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: All neonates delivered from September to October 2012 at the obstetric ward of Mousavi hospital. (Zanjan, Iran). Methodology: Total cord blood CK (CK) and MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) was measured immediately after delivery. Rout of delivery and APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) Score were also assessed and all data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: One hundred and seventy six newborns were recruited (57.4% male and 42.6% female). We found significant association between serum CK-MB level and rout of delivery. There was no significant association between serum levels of total Ck and CK-MB and APGAR score (p˃0.05). Discussion and conclusions: This study showed that newborns who were vaginally delivered had elevated CK-MB levels.

A study of pericardial fluid enzymes activities after death and their correlation with post-mortem interval.

The estimation of time since death at the time of autopsy has been and remains to be one of the challenges to the Forensic Pathologist. .A prospective study was undertaken in SMS Hospital, Jaipur on activity of Pericardial Fluid enzymes after death in deceased. A total of 50 study cases were randomly selected after screening. The pericardial fluid was examined biochemically for enzyme activity of Amylase, Creatine Kinase (CK), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes by photoelectric colorimetry method. The enzyme activity levels so obtained were charted and statistically studied and graphical records obtained against known post-mortem interval. The data thus obtained was analysed with a view to ascertain whether such assays could be of any help to estimate time since death routinely. In this study we observed a positive correlation of all the four enzymes with the time elapsed after death of which rise in CK was found to be statistically significant.

Infecção experimental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi em camundongos: influência do exercício físico versus linhagens e sexos / Experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice: influence of exercise versus strains and sexes

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas é uma infecção causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi que afeta oito milhões de pessoas na América Latina. Um fator ligado ao estilo de vida que interfere significativamente na resposta à infecção é o exercício físico, dependendo do tipo, intensidade e frequência da atividade praticada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do exercício físico aeróbio moderado crônico pré-infecção na evolução da infecção experimental pelo T. cruzi em camundongos de duas linhagens distintas pertencentes aos dois sexos. MÉTODOS: Camundongos Swiss e BALB/c (machos e fêmeas) com 30 dias de idade foram divididos em quatro grupos para cada linhagem e sexo (total de 16) e nomeados como segue: SM (Swiss machos), SF (Swiss fêmeas), BM (BALB/c machos) e BF (BALB/c fêmeas). Os grupos foram: NT+NI (não treinado+não infectado), T+NI (treinado+não infectado), NT+I (não treinado+infectado) e T+I (treinado+infectado). O programa de exercício físico aeróbio moderado crônico pré-infecção foi realizado durante oito semanas, com uma sessão diária de treinamento, cinco vezes na semana. O inóculo foi de 1.400 tripomastígotas sanguíneos da cepa Y do T. cruzi, via intraperitoneal. Foi avaliado o pico de parasitos, parasitemia total média e as medidas das atividades séricas de CK e CK-MB. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento físico promoveu nas duas linhagens e em ambos os sexos redução no pico de parasitos e na parasitemia total média em animais infectados pelo T. cruzi. O treinamento físico promoveu redução nas atividades séricas de CK e CK-MB em animais infectados pelo T. cruzi, de ambos os sexos, das duas linhagens, exceto para fêmeas Swiss na atividade de CK e CK-MB.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that affects eight million people in Latin America. One factor linked to the lifestyle that significantly interferes in the response to infection is physical exercise, depending on the kind, intensity and frequency of the activity practiced. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of pre-infection chronic moderate aerobic exercise in the development of experimental infection with T. cruzi in mice of two distinct lineages from both sexes. METHODS: 30-day old Swiss and BALB/c mice (male and female) were divided into four groups for each strain and sex (total 16) and named as follows: SM (Swiss males), SF (Swiss females) BM (BALB/c mice) and BF (BALB/c mice). The groups were: NT NI (untrained uninfected) T NI (trained not infected); NT I (untrained infected), TI (trained infected). The aerobic exercise pre-moderate chronic infection training was performed with one daily session for eight weeks, five times a week. The inoculum was 1,400 blood trypomastigotes of Y strain of T. cruzi intraperitoneally. The peak of parasites, parasitemia total and average measurements of the serum activities of CK and CK-MB were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The physical training promoted reduction in peak, parasitemia parasites and total average in animals infected with T. cruzi in both strains and sexes. Physical training induced reduction in serum activities of CK and CK-MB in animals infected with T. cruzi of both sexes and from the two strains, except for females in the Swiss CK activity.

Exercise and serum enzymes / 体力科学

Numerous studies on serum enzymes derived from skeletal muscle, such as CH, AST, LDH, are also being reported in the field of sports medicine. In this article, I would like to summarize the findings on “physical exercise and serum enzymes” studied up to the present. Secondly, I will evaluate the usefulness and limits as indicators of condition and muscle fatigue in athletes. The amount of change and time course of Ch, AST, LDH and myoglobin responses were markedly different in 5-km, marathon and triathalon races, and in trained and untrained subjects. Trained subjects showed peaks of these enzymes one day after endurance running, and untrained subjects had a typical biphasic variation after endurance running. The typical change in untrained subjects might reflect a series of different histopathological changes, including muscle damage, repair and regeneration of muscles. In participants of women's marathon races, higher ranking prize winners showed lower levels before and lower increases in Ch activity after the mice than the other participants. higher serum CIA activity above 300 mU/ml accompanied by increases in serum myosin light chain I (MLC I) concentration (above 2.5 ng/ml) without increases in troponin T and CN-MIA were observed during marathon, triathalon, 100-km and 250 km ultra marathon races. The athletes who showed a higher serum CK activity above 500 mU/ml at the pre-race stage felt subjective fatigue and sonic dropped out from the race. Normal persons who had a lower Ch activity below 40.50 mU/ml indi cated lower levels of serum HDL-C and physical fitness (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max) . On the contrary, persons who showed a higher CR level of 100-200 mU/ml or more had higher levels of IIDL-C and VO<SUB>2</SUB>max.<BR>Measurement of serum CK activity might provide useful information for checking health and physical fitness levels in normal persons, and also the physical and subjective conditions of athletes.

Significance of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes for Neurologic Outcome in Perinatal Asphyxia

PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of the serum Creatine kinase(CK), especially brain typical creatine kinase(CK-BB) as an indicator of brain damage extent, mortality and long term nurologic sequelae, the study was done. METHODS: CK and CK isoenzyme activites were measured at 6-10 hours after birth in 160 asphyxiated newborn infants who admitted in Eulji General Hospital from August 1990 to July 1994. Infants were followed up for 1 years after birth to evaluate survival and neurologic outcome. RESULTS: 1) There was low correlation between CK-BB and 5 minute Apgar score(r=0.245, p=0.0026). 2) There was intermediate correlation between CK-BB and Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)(r=0.470, p<0.0001). 3) Infants who died within 24 hours after birth had significantly higher CK-BB activity(144.9+/-98.5U/L) than survivors(82.2+/-159U/L), (p=0.0160). Infants who died within 72 hours after birth had significantly higher CK-BB activity(130.2+/-108.4U/L) than survivors(80.5+/-161.1U/L), (p=0.0209) 4) Infants who died within 24 hours after birth had significantly higher CK-BB%(23.4+/-17.4%) than survivors(9.6+/-11.9%), (p=0.0042). Infants who died within 72 hours after birth had significantly higher CK-BB%(20.0+/-15.4%) than survivors(9.3+/-11.8%), (p= 0.0027). Infants who died within 28 days after birth had significantly higher CK-BB% (12.7+/-13.4%) than survivors(9.7+/-12.3%), (p=0.0500). 5) In the cases of neonatal seizure in 24-48 hours after birth, CK-BB was higher than in the cases of no seizure or seizure in 48 hours after birth. 6) CK-BB was well correlated to the grade of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. 7) CK-BB, CK-BB% and 5 minute Apgar score showed similar positive and negative predictive values for survival rate, abnormal findings of imaging studies and neurologic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: CK-BB is a good predictive value for the death within 24 and 72 hours after birth and the neonatal seizure in 24-48 hours after birth. CK-BB% is a good predictive value of the death within 24, 72 hours and 28 days after birth. CK-BB, CK-BB% and 5 minute Apgar score showed similar predictivity for neurologic outcomes during 1 years after birth.

The Clinical Analysis of Serum Creatine Kinase BB(CK-BB) in Acute Head Injury Patients

The extent of brain damage is known to be an essential predictive factor in the clinical course of patient with severe head injury. The purpose of the work was to study the usefulness of brain type creatine kinase(CK-BB) as a iochemical index of brain injury. We performed a Tri-check isoenzyme electrophoresis to determine the serum level of CK-BB in 123 patients with head injury. CK-BB isoenzyme was detected in the serum in 24 out of 123 patients with acute brain injury(19.5%). The peak of CK-BB activity ranged from 2 to 85IU/1 and mean value was 21.40+/-21.66IU/1. The activity was higher in patients with diffuse axonal injury, intracerebral hematoma and subdural hematoma than any other cases. The serum CK-BB isoenzyme was more frequently detected in low GCS score cases at admission and these patients had poor outcome than high GCS score cases. High CK-BB activity in serum was associated with poor prognosis, but a low CK-BB activity in serum was not necessarily a good prognostic sign. The presence of the serum CK-BB isoenzyme correlated with admission GCS score and with the ultimate outcome. We conclude that CK-BB level in serum is a reliable marker of cerebral parenchymal injury and may enhance the predictive value of the Glasgow coma scale score when used in conjunction with this indicant.

The Clinical Analysis of Serum Creatine Kinase BB(CK-BB) in Acute Head Injury Patients

The extent of brain damage is known to be an essential predictive factor in the clinical course of patient with severe head injury. The purpose of the work was to study the usefulness of brain type creatine kinase(CK-BB) as a iochemical index of brain injury. We performed a Tri-check isoenzyme electrophoresis to determine the serum level of CK-BB in 123 patients with head injury. CK-BB isoenzyme was detected in the serum in 24 out of 123 patients with acute brain injury(19.5%). The peak of CK-BB activity ranged from 2 to 85IU/1 and mean value was 21.40+/-21.66IU/1. The activity was higher in patients with diffuse axonal injury, intracerebral hematoma and subdural hematoma than any other cases. The serum CK-BB isoenzyme was more frequently detected in low GCS score cases at admission and these patients had poor outcome than high GCS score cases. High CK-BB activity in serum was associated with poor prognosis, but a low CK-BB activity in serum was not necessarily a good prognostic sign. The presence of the serum CK-BB isoenzyme correlated with admission GCS score and with the ultimate outcome. We conclude that CK-BB level in serum is a reliable marker of cerebral parenchymal injury and may enhance the predictive value of the Glasgow coma scale score when used in conjunction with this indicant.