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1.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(2): 64-71, 2017. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-906012

ABSTRACT

Introducción y Objetivos. Las infecciones urinarias por gérmenes ureolíticos se asocian generalmente con la eliminación y/o formación de cálculos infectivos de estruvita (fosfato amónico magnésico, fosfato triple). Sin embargo no tenemos conocimiento de que se haya comunicado ningún caso de emisión masiva de cristales con visualización macroscópica y recuperación de las arenillas en el "poso seco" del sedimento de la orina. El objetivo de este breve artículo es comunicar un infrecuente caso de cristaluria masiva de fosfato amónico magnésico secundaria a infección urinaria por la asociación de dos gérmenes: Citrobacter freundii (no ureolítico) y Morganella morgagnii (ureolítica). Caso Clínico. Mujer de 72 años sin antecedentes urológicos previos que consultó por presentar desde hace 1 año expulsión de gran cantidad de arenillas en las micciones, hasta el punto de que en alguna ocasión le ocluían momentáneamente la uretra. La paciente aportó una muestra de la cristaluria (arenilla) recuperada del poso seco del sedimento de su orina, donde se aprecia un gran volumen de polvo y arena (microcristales). El estudio del sedimento urinario mostró PH 8, densidad de 1035 (n 1005-1030), nitritos (+), bacteriuria y abundante cantidad de cristales incoloros en forma de prisma o "ataúd" sugestivos de corresponder a cristales de fosfato amónico magnésico. En el urinocultivo existían 500.000 UFC/ml y se aislaron 2 gérmenes uno no ureolítico (Citrobacter freundii) y otro ureolítico (Morganella morgagnii). Radiografía simple de aparato urinario y ecografía normales. El análisis químico de la arenilla mostró una composición de 80 por ciento fosfato amónico magnésico y 20 por ciento oxalato cálcico. Se instauró tratamiento según antibiograma con ciprofloxacino 500 mg cada 12 horas 7 días y se acidificó la orina con vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) 500 mg día 20 días, consiguiendo erradicar la infección urinaria, normalizar el PH urinario a 5, y frenar definitivamente la expulsión de cristales. En un control a los 6 meses permanecía asintomática y con urinocultivo estéril. Conclusiónes. Este caso es una forma de presentación excepcional de una infección urinaria ureolítica, sin los síntomas clásicos habituales. Su única manifestación clínica fue la expulsión de gran cantidad de cristales (arenilla) en las micciones que en ocasiones provocaban obstrucciones intermitentes de uretra de resolución espontánea. Este singular caso demuestra que escuchando a los pacientes, a veces nos cuentan hechos casi imposibles y la mayoría de las veces son verídicos (AU)


Background and Objetives. Ureolytic urinary tract infections are generally associated with the elimination and / or formation of struvite infective stones (magnesium ammonium phosphate, triple phosphate). However, we are not aware of any reports of massive emission of crystals with macroscopic visualization and recovery of the sand in the "dry" sediment of the urine. The objective of this brief article is to report an infrequent case of massive crystalluria of magnesium ammonium phosphate secondary to urinary infection due to the association of two germs: Citrobacter freundii (non ureolytic) and Morganella morgagnii (ureolytic). Clinical Case. A 72-year-old woman with no prior urological history who consulted for the past 1 year of expulsion of a large amount of sand in the micturition, to the point that she had occasion ally occluded the urethra. The patient provided a sample of the crystalluria (sand) recovered from the dry sediment of her urine, where a large volume of dust and sand (microcrystals) was seen. The study of the urine sediment showed PH 8, density of 1035 (n 1005-1030), nitrites (+), bacteriuria and abundant amount of colorless crystals in the form of prism or "coffin" suggestive of corresponding magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals. In the urinoculture there were 500,000 CFU / ml and two non-ureolytic (Citrobacter freundii) and one ureolytic (Morganella morgagnii) were isolated. Simple x-ray of normal urinary system and ultrasound. The chemical analysis of the grit showed a composition of 80 pertcent magnesium ammonium phosphate and 20 pertcent calcium oxalate. Therapy was initiated according to antibiogram with ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours 7 days and the urine was acidified with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 500 mg day 20, succeeding in eradicating the urinary tract infection, normalizing the urinary pH to 5, and finally stopping expulsion Of crystals. In a control at 6 months, he remained asymptomatic and with sterile urine culture. Conclusions. This case is an exceptional presentation of a urethritic urinary infection, without the usual classic symptoms. Its only clinical manifestation was the expulsion of large amounts of crystals (sand) in micturitions that occasionally caused intermittent urethral obstructions of spontaneous resolution. This unique case demonstrates that listening to patients, sometimes tell us almost impossible facts and most of the time are true.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Urinary Tract Infections , Citrobacter freundii , Morganella morganii
2.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 14(2): 106-109, ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-869082

ABSTRACT

Ciertos fármacos que son excretados en orina, como los antibióticos, pueden formar cristales cuando la dosis empleadas son elevadas, la diuresis se encuentra disminuida o el pH de la orina es ácido. Los eventos de cristaluria medicamentosa son poco frecuentes y pueden ser cuadros asintomáticos e incluso originar fallos renales agudos. En este reporte se describen dos casos: una mujer de 26 años con cristaluria de ampicilina y una niña de 8 años con cristaluria de amoxicilina, registrados en el laboratorio de urgencias del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social. El análisis del sedimento fue realizado empleando microscopía óptica, luego los cristales fueron sometidos a microscopía de polarización y espectrofotometría infrarroja logrando la identificación exacta de la naturaleza química de los cristales. Este es el primer reporte de cristaluria medicamentosa del país y pone de manifiesto la importancia del trabajo colaborativo entre instituciones del estado.


Certain drugs that are excreted in the urine, including antibiotics, could induce theformation of crystals when the dose used is high, the diuresis is low or the pH of the urine isacid. The events of drug induced crystalluria are rare and could be asymptomatic or couldcause acute renal failure. In this report, we describe two cases: One of a 26-year-oldwoman with ampiciline crystalluria and a 8-year-old child with amoxiciline crystalluria, bothregistered at the Emergency Laboratory of the Central Hospital of the Instituto de PrevisionSocial. The analysis of the urinary sediment was made by conventional microscopy, andthen the crystals were studied by polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopyachieving the exact identification of the chemical nature of the crystals. This is the firstreport of drug induced crystalluria in the country and shows the importance of thecolaborative work between state institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Microscopy, Polarization , Sediments/analysis , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Urine
3.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 49(6): 415-422, Dec. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697117

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of urine abnormal constituents and sediment (ACS) comprises tests of great diagnostic and prognostic value in clinical practice. When the analysis of ACS cannot be performed within two hours after collection, the sample must be preserved in order to avoid pre-analytical interferences. Refrigeration is the most applied technique due to its cost effectiveness. Moreover, it presents fewer inconveniences when compared to chemical preservation. However, changes in ACS may also occur in samples under refrigeration. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of refrigeration at 2 to 8ºC on the storage of urine samples within 24 hours. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 80 urine samples were selected from patients admitted at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) university hospital, which were tested for ACS at room temperature and stored under refrigeration for 6, 12 and 24 hours. RESULTS: The results showed that refrigeration proved to be effective when compared to samples kept at room temperature, inasmuch as the physical, chemical, microbial and cellularity features were preserved. Nevertheless, crystalluria was present after a 6- hour storage period. CONCLUSION: The tests revealed that cooling preserved cellularity and chemical characteristics of urine samples for up to 12 hours. Nonetheless, the precipitation of crystals was evident in this storage method. Thus, the possible consequences of storing urine samples for ACS test under these conditions should be included in the analysis report.


INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa de elementos anormais e sedimentoscopia na urina (EAS) compreende testes de grande valor diagnóstico e prognóstico na prática clínica. Quando a análise do EAS não puder ser realizada dentro de duas horas após a coleta da amostra, esta deve ser conservada para que interferências pré-analíticas sejam evitadas. A refrigeração é a técnica mais utilizada devido ao custo-benefício e por apresentar menos inconvenientes quando comparada com conservantes químicos. No entanto, alterações no EAS também podem ocorrer na amostra sob refrigeração. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da refrigeração entre 2 a 8ºC no armazenamento do EAS por um período de até 24 horas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 80 amostras de urina de pacientes internados no hospital da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) testadas para EAS, à temperatura ambiente, e armazenadas sob refrigeração em 6, 12 e 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a refrigeração foi eficaz quando comparada com amostras mantidas à temperatura ambiente, já que as características físicas, químicas, da celularidade e da microbiota da urina foram preservadas. No entanto, a cristalúria se fez presente desde as 6 horas de armazenamento. CONCLUSÃO: Os testes demonstraram que a refrigeração preservou as características químicas e a celularidade da urina por até 12 horas. No entanto, precipitações de cristais mostraram-se evidentes neste método de armazenamento. Dessa forma, a sugestão de se relatar no laudo as possíveis consequências dessa forma de armazenamento de urina para o EAS pode ser importante.

4.
An. venez. nutr ; 23(2): 75-79, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-630274

ABSTRACT

En la orina la presencia de cristales tiene poco significado clínico, aunque su correcta identificación es de utilidad en pediatría pues, proporciona información para el diagnóstico de padecimientos sistémicos, enfermedades de las vías urinarias y posibles errores congénitos del metabolismo. A fin de evaluar la influencia del género, grupo etario, condición socioeconómica y el estado nutricional antropométrico sobre la prevalencia de cristaluria, se evaluaron 381 niños aparentemente sanos, edad 1 a 18 años, atendidos en tres de los ambulatorios del Municipio Guacara, Estado Carabobo. Se determinó estado nutricional antropométrico mediante peso/edad, talla/edad, peso/talla, área grasa y área muscular en lactantes, preescolares y escolares; índice de masa corporal para adolescentes; nivel socioeconómico medido por Graffar modificado. Análisis de orina al microscopio óptico (aumento 400x) Estadístico SPSS versión 10.0 significancia p<0,05. Del total de la población estudiada 49,1% presentó cristaluria, con prevalencia en preescolares y adolescentes (33,2% y 26,2% respectivamente), con predominio estadísticamente significativo en varones (57,8%). El cristal prevalerte fue el oxalato de calcio en 66,8%, con una relación estadísticamente significativa entre tipo de cristal, grupo etario y estrato socioeconómico. En el estado nutricional antropométrico se encontró 16,6% de desnutrición, predominio del estrato socioeconómico IV en todos los grupos etarios. Se concluye que la cristaluria encontrada en esta población pediátrica de nivel socioeconómico bajo, es independiente del estado nutricional antropométrico, aunque asociado a otros factores como grupo etario, género y estrato socioeconómico(AU)


In the urine the crystal presence has little clinical meaning; although its correct identification is of utility in pediatric, due to it provide information for the diagnosis of systemic sufferings, diseases of the urinary routes and possible congenital errors of the metabolism. In order to evaluate the influence of the gender, etario group, socioeconomic condition and the anthropometric nutritional state on the prevalence of cristaluria, 381 apparently healthy children were evaluated; age 1 to 18 years, taken care in three of the ambulatory of the Guacara Municipality, Carabobo State. Was determined anthropometric nutritional state by means of weight/age, carves/age, weight/ carves, greasy area and muscular area in suckling babies, preschool and school students; corporal mass index for adolescents; socioeconomic level measured by modified Graffar. Analysis of urine by optical microscope (400x). Statistical SPSS version 10.1 significance p<0.05. Of the total of studied population 49.1% presented cristaluria, with prevalence in preschool and adolescents (33.2% and 26.2% respectively), with statistically significant predominance in boys (57.8%). The crystal prevalent was the oxalate of calcium in 66.8%, with a statistically significant relation between type of crystal, etario group and socioeconomic layer. In the anthropometric nutritional state was 16,6% of undernourishment. Predominance of socioeconomic layer IV in all the etarios groups. We concludes that cristaluria found in this pediatric population of low socioeconomic level, is independent of the anthropometric nutritional state, although other factors like etario group, gender and socioeconomic level are associated(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Social Class , Urine/chemistry , Crystallization , Hypercalciuria/complications , Pediatrics , Urologic Diseases , Urology
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