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A strategy combining collision cross section(CCS) prediction and quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR) model for quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids was established based on UHPLC-IM-Q-TOF-MS and applied to Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex. The strategy included the following three steps.(1) The molecular features were extracted by the "find features" algorithm.(2) The potential quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids were screened by filtering the original characteristic ions extracted from Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex by the established CCS vs m/z prediction interval.(3) According to the retention time of candidate compounds predicted by QSRR model, the chemical constituents were identified in combination with the characteristic fragment ions and pyrolysis law of secondary mass spectrometry. With the strategy, a total of 80 compounds were predicted, and 15 were identified accurately. The strategy is effective for the identification of small analogs of traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Algorithms , Alkaloids , Isoquinolines , QuinolinesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the status of mild cognitive impairment （MCI） among the elderly in Shanghai communities， and to identify the factors associated with MCI. MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic （MoCA-B） was used to screen for MCI in elderly adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with MCI. ResultsAmong 629 participants， 226 （35.90%） were positive for MCI. Older age （OR=1.04， 95%CI： 1.01-1.07）， lower family income （average OR=2.20， 95%CI： 1.01-4.80； poor OR=2.59， 95%CI： 1.03-6.50）， hearing impairment affecting daily life （OR=1.86， 95%CI： 1.19-2.91）， and anxiety symptoms （OR=1.58， 95%CI： 1.02-2.44） were associated with the positive for MCI. Living in central urban area （OR=0.57， 95%CI： 0.37-0.89） and having higher social support （OR=0.97， 95%CI： 0.94-1.00） were protective factors for MCI. ConclusionThe current status of MCI among the elderly in Shanghai communities is not optimistic. It is important and necessary to establish the cognitive-friendly community for the elderly.
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Objective:To evaluate radiofrequency ablation-assisted liver resection on early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI).Methods:A total of 82 HCC patients from Jun 2015 to Jun 2020 were divided into assisted group ( n=41) and control group ( n=41) after local hepatectomy.And by pathology,both groups were further substratified into with or without MVI subgroups. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data between two groups,nor there was difference in recurrence-free survival rate between the two groups ( χ 2=0.177, P=0.674). However, by subgroup analysis, the recurrence-free survival rate of ablation assisted group was higher than that of the simple local hepatectomy group among MVI positive patients ( χ 2=5.096, P = 0.024).Multivariate analysis showed that only tumor diameter ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.72, P=0.036) was an independent risk factor for local recurrence at the incisal margin, while mode of operation ( HR=0.15 ,95% CI: 0.04-0.52 ,P=0.003) and MVI ( HR=8.65 ,95% CI: 2.19-34.19 ,P=0.002) were independent risk factors for intrahepatic distant metastasis. Conclusion:Local hepatectomy assisted by intraoperative radiofrequency ablation on hepatic cross section could effectively reduce the postoperative early recurrence rate for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with MVI.
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Objective:To understand the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle among Shanghai occupational population aged 18-59 in 2013 and provide suggestion for intervention. Methods:Data retrieved from 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance were used to investigate the residents who were 18-59 years old and engaged in various occupations in Shanghai. Descriptive analysis and test were conducted by weight and complex sampling. Smoking， drinking， eating behavior and physical activities were compared among different gender，age，area and occupation groups. Results:A total of 10 287 participants were included in this analysis. The current smoking rate of 41.46% in males were significantly higher than 0.64% in females（χ2=2 278.306，P<0.05）. The current smoking prevalence was highest in workers in production and transport （34.49%）. The rate of drinking in the past 30 days， hazardous drinking， and harmful drinking in rural area were 23.80%，6.59% and 11.62%， respectively，which were the highest in all areas. Both the hazardous and harmful drinking prevalence （8.58% and 18.70%， respectively） were the highest in agriculture workers in comparison with other occupations. There is no significant difference in insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits in gender，age and area groups. The proportion of people with excessive intake of red meat was higher in males than that in females （28.11% versus 17.77%，146.176，P<0.05）. Occupational population in urban area had the highest regular physical activities （22.64%）. The clerks had the longest daily sedentary time （7.25 h）. The agricultural workers had the lowest regular exercise rate （11.75%） and the shortest sedentary time （4.07 h）. Conclusion:This study identifies different prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle in different gender， age， area， and occupational groups， which can be helpful for for targeted intervention.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been an indispensable source of drugs for curing various human diseases. However, the inherent chemical diversity and complexity of TCM restricted the safety and efficacy of its usage. Over the past few decades, the combination of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has contributed greatly to the TCM qualitative analysis. And novel approaches have been continuously introduced to improve the analytical performance, including both the data acquisition methods to generate a large and informative dataset, and the data post-processing tools to extract the structure-related MS information. Furthermore, the fast-developing computer techniques and big data analytics have markedly enriched the data processing tools, bringing benefits of high efficiency and accuracy. To provide an up-to-date review of the latest techniques on the TCM qualitative analysis, multiple data-independent acquisition methods and data-dependent acquisition methods (precursor ion list, dynamic exclusion, mass tag, precursor ion scan, neutral loss scan, and multiple reaction monitoring) and post-processing techniques (mass defect filtering, diagnostic ion filtering, neutral loss filtering, mass spectral trees similarity filter, molecular networking, statistical analysis, database matching, etc.) were summarized and categorized. Applications of each technique and integrated analytical strategies were highlighted, discussion and future perspectives were proposed as well.
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Humans , Adult , Metabolic Syndrome , Depression , Exercise , Linear Models , Health Expenditures , Cognition , Life StyleABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength (BS) of glass fiber posts (GFP) luted to oval and circular-shaped root canals rehabilitated using varying post techniques, at different intraradicular levels. Ninety 16-mm-long roots of human mandibular premolars, classified either as having oval or circular-shaped canals, were endodontically treated and prepared for restoration using one of three different post techniques (n=15): 1) single GFP; 2) resin-relined GFP; 3) main GFP associated with accessory posts. GFPs were luted with a dual polymerizing resin cement (RelyX ARC) after the canal had been treated with a 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Scothbond Multipurpose). The samples were sectioned into three 1-mm-thick sections, which were differentiated by the root level (cervical, middle and apical) and tested for push-out BS. Assessment of failure mode was made under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using repeated measures three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The root canal cross-section had a significant influence on BS (p<0.001), with the lowest values being observed in oval-shaped canals. The post technique also significantly affected the BS (p=0.018), with the resin-relined GFPs providing the highest BS values in both oval and circular-shaped canals. Irrespective of the cross-section of the root canal and post technique, there was no significant difference in BS in the cervical, middle and apical third of the root canal (p=0.084). In oval-shaped canals, the BS to intraradicular dentin at cervical, middle or apical level could be increased when the GFPs posts were relined.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resistência de união (RU) de pinos de fibra de vidro (PFV), cimentados a condutos com secção transversal ovalada ou circular reabilitados com diferentes técnicas de restauração com PFVs, em função do nível intrarradicular. Noventa raízes de pré-molares inferiores humanos, com 16 mm de altura, classificadas como possuindo canais ovais ou circulares, foram tratadas endodonticamente e preparadas para serem reabilitadas com uma das três técnicas de restauração com PFVs (n=15): 1) PFV único, 2) PFV reembasado com resina composta, e 3) PFV principal associado a pinos acessórios. Os PFVs foram cimentados com um agente resinoso de polimerização dupla (RelyX ARC), após o canal ter sido tratado com um sistema adesivo de condicionamento total de três passos (Adper Scothbond Multiuso). As amostras foram seccionadas em três fatias de 1 mm de espessura, de acordo com o nível da raiz (cervical, médio e apical)e foram submetidas ao teste de RU por push-out. A análise do modo de falha foi realizada com auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a ANOVA a três critérios para medidas repetidas e o teste de Tukey. A secção do conduto apresentou influência na RU (p<0,001), com os menores valores sendo observados nos condutos ovalados. A técnica de restauração com PFVs afetou significativamente a RU (p=0,018), tendo o PFV reembasado proporcionado os maiores valores de RU, tanto em condutos ovais quanto circulares. Independentemente da secção transversal do conduto radicular e da técnica de restauração com PFV, não houve diferença significativa na RU nos terços cervical, médio e apical (p=0,084). Nos canais de secção transversal ovalada, a RU à dentina intrarradicular nos níveis cervical, médio ou apical aumentou com o emprego de PFVs reembasados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Post and Core Technique , Dental Bonding/methods , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Therapy/methods , Bicuspid , In Vitro Techniques , Resin Cements/chemistry , Dental Cements , Dental Stress Analysis , GlassABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness and to explore the releated factors of antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.@*Methods@#The method of convenience sampling was adopted in July 2017 to select the research objects who were accepted antiretroviral therapy (ART) over 6 months, older than 18 years and had HIV viral load in 2016, totally 400 cases. A retrospective study was used to collect the data, including social demography, medicine use, information of medical service acquisition, their own behaviors and cognition. 395 questionnaires were effectively recovered. χ2 test and logistic regression were performed to examine relationships between factors and effects.@*Results@#All of the 395 respondents were Yi-nationality. The average age of all cases was (39.23±7.52) years old and 223 were male (56.5%). Among 395 cases patients who were detect Viral load in 2016, 221 cases were under the number of 400 copies, thze effective rate of ART was 55.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that HIV/AIDS patients who missed the medication during the antiviral therapy had poor antiviral effects. Compared to those who adhered to medication, the treatment-ineffective OR (95%CI) of the patients missing the medication during the therapy was 7.06 (3.67-13.58); Compared to those who had adverse reactions that affect the therapy, the treatment-ineffective OR (95%CI) of the patients with mild adverse reactions that did not affect the therapy was 0.45 (0.23-0.87); Compared to the patients who used drugs during the treatment, the treatment-ineffective OR (95%CI) value of the antiretroviral therapy effect of non-drug users was 0.39 (0.16-0.91);Compared to the patients who have a correct cognition that insisting on taking medicine correctly can extend their life expectancy as a common person, the treatment-ineffective OR (95%CI) values for those who hold the view that could be prolonged by 10-20 years and not/unknown were 4.18 (1.59-10.99) and 6.64 (2.67-16.53).@*Conclusion@#The HIV/AIDS patients who receive ART were less effective in Liangshan, Prefecture. Missings drugs is one of the main influencing factors for the ineffective treatment.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China.At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site.Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews.Results A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed.The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8％ (58.3％ in rural area,57.3％ in urban area).The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area,32.1 g in urban area).The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years.Mean daily alcohol intake level,rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level.Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking,lower mean daily alcohol intake level,and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers.Conclusions Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China,and,the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents.The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance.Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups,those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China.At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site.Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews.Results A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed.The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8％ (58.3％ in rural area,57.3％ in urban area).The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area,32.1 g in urban area).The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years.Mean daily alcohol intake level,rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level.Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking,lower mean daily alcohol intake level,and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers.Conclusions Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China,and,the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents.The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance.Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups,those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
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This study was aimed to establish an objective and convenient method to evaluate the quality of licorice through the study on correlation between the cross section color and contents of active ingredients of licorice.Therefore,colorimeter was introduced and applied to determinate cross section color of licorice.Meanwhile,contents of five active ingredients of licorice were also determined.HPLC was used to determine liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid.Colorimetric method was used to determine total saponins.Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine total flavonoids.Sulphuric acid-phenol colorimetry was used to determine polysaccharides.Correlation between the cross section color and content determination result was analyzed.The results showed that the correlation coefficient of glycyrrhizic acid content and L* was-0.578,P ＜ 0.001,the correlation coefficient with b* was 0.596,P ＜ 0.001;the correlation coefficient of liquiritin content and L* was-0.503,P =0.002,the correlation coefficient with b* was 0.890,P ＜ 0.001;the correlation coefficient of total flavonoids content and L* was-0.729,P ＜ 0.001,the correlation coefficient with b* was 0.724,P ＜ 0.001;the correlation coefficient of polysaccharides content and L* was 0.230,P =0.190,the correlation coefficient with b* was-0.390,P =0.023;the correlation coefficient of total saponins content and L* was-0.411,P =0.016,the correlation coefficient with b* was 0.738,P ＜ 0.001.It was concluded that the cross section color index of licorice has significant correlation with contents of glycyrrhizic acid,liquiritin,total flavonoids and total saponins.There was no significant correlation with content of polysaccharides.It illustrated the close correlation between cross section color of licorice and its active ingredients.Through the digitalized determination on color,contents of chemical composition in licorice can be initially determined or predicted objectively.It provided a new idea and method for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Objective To show epidemiological characteristics of adult emergency patients and to provide data support for grading clinics.Methods Adult emergency patients (older than 14 years) from 50 hospitals in Tianjin were included.Name,gender and age of patients,as well as visiting time/department,chief complaint,severity of the disease,prognosis were considered to cross-sectional survey from 8:00,30 Aug 2016 to8:00,31 Aug 2016.Chi-squared test,Fisher's exact test,or t test was used to statistical analysis as appropriate.Results Of 6 569 patients,most originated from medical (n =3 964,60.34％) and surgical (n =2 017,30.31％).Patients' average age was 46.90 ± 18.70 (14-99) years old and there were more patientsaged from 30 to 39 (n =1 285,19.56％).Hospital crowded periods were between 8:00-11:00 and 17:00-22:00.In these periods,average number of patients was more than 300.Concerning the severity of disease,83 patients (1.26％) were in grade 1 (the most severe cases),301 patients (4.58％) in grade 2,1 500 patients (22.83％) in grade 3,and 4 685 patients (71.33％) were in grade 4 (the less severe cases).Most ambulatory patient represented trauma (n =124,35.23％),neurological (n =68,19.32％) and cardiovascular (n =49,13.92％) diseases.However,50.57％ of them were not considered urgent.Conclusions Most patients visited emergency department were nonurgent and originated from medical and surgical department in Tianjin.Crowded periods gathered at 8:00-11:00 and 17:00-22:00.Most ambulatory patients were trauma,neurological and cardiovascular disease;however,half of them was stable and need no emergency intervention.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) files with similar tapers and cross-sectional areas depending on whether they were surface-treated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three NiTi file systems with a similar convex triangular cross-section and the same ISO #25 tip size were selected for this study: G6 (G6), ProTaper Universal (PTU), and Dia-PT (DPT). To test torsional resistance, 5 mm of the straightened file's tip was fixed between polycarbonate blocks (n = 15/group) and continuous clockwise rotation until fracture was conducted using a customized device. To evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance, files were rotated in an artificial curved canal until fracture in a dynamic mode (n = 15/group). The torsional data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc comparison test, while the cyclic fatigue data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: PTU showed significantly greater toughness, followed by DPT and G6 (p < 0.05). G6 showed the lowest resistance in ultimate torsional strength, while it showed a higher fracture angle than the other files (p < 0.05). In the cyclic fatigue test, DPT showed a significantly higher number of cycles to failure than PTU or G6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the torsional resistance of NiTi files was affected by the cross-sectional area, while the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files was influenced by the surface treatment.
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FatigueABSTRACT
Objective To understand the effects of standardized community-based management of hypertension in urban and rural areas in China and related influencing factors.Methods The study subjects were the hypertension patients aged ≥35 years who were recruited in 2011 from the participants of 2010 national chronic and non-communicable disease surveillance project.The hypertension patients were diagnosed in community health centers or higher level hospitals and included in community based hypertension management project.By face-to-face questionnaire survey and health examination,the information of the subjects' demographic characteristics,risk factors,complications,involvement in community-based management of hypertension,anti-hypertension treatment,blood pressure,body height,waistline and body weight were collected.In this study,Rao-Scott x2 test was used to compare the variations among sub-groups.Taylor series linearization method was used to estimate the prevalence rate.The complex sampling and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the control of hypertension.Results A total of 5 120 subjects were recruited in the analysis.The proportion of those receiving management for more than two years was 36.57％,and it was higher in urban area (44.56％) than in nural area (31.79％,P＜0.05);In the past 12 months,6.17％ and 14.46％ of the patients received no blood pressure measurement and drug therapy advice respectively,but there were no significant differences between urban group and rural group (P＞0.05);In the past 12 months,the proportions of the patients receiving diet and physical activity advice were 84.25％ and 84.90％ respectively,and the proportions were higher in urban group than in rural group (P＜0.05);In the past 12 months,the proportions of the subjects receiving tobacco and alcohol use advice were 78.41％ and 77.80％ respectively,and the proportions were higher in rural group than in urban group (P＜0.05).In urban area,the subjects receiving standardized management had lower SBP (142.79 ± 17.39) mmHg,lower DBP (84.26 ± 9.49) mmHg and higher blood pressure control rate (49.77％) than those receiving no standardized management (P＜0.05);while in rural area,no difference was found in BP control between the patients receiving and receiving no standardized management (P＞0.05).In urban area,the influencing factors for BP control among the subjects receiving community based management were educational level,annual income,body weight,hypertension management mode,times of receiving BP measurement,times of receiving antihypertensive medicine advice and receiving physical activity advice;while in rural area,the influencing factors for BP control among the subjects receiving community based management were annual income,body weight,family history of hypertension,antihypertensive medicine awareness,times of receiving antihypertensive medicine advice and receiving diet advice.Conclusion The effects of community-based standardized management of hypertension were better in urban area than in rural area,and the quality of the services of community-based hypertension management was lower in rural area than in urban area.
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Objective To understand the effects of standardized community-based management of hypertension in urban and rural areas in China and related influencing factors.Methods The study subjects were the hypertension patients aged ≥35 years who were recruited in 2011 from the participants of 2010 national chronic and non-communicable disease surveillance project.The hypertension patients were diagnosed in community health centers or higher level hospitals and included in community based hypertension management project.By face-to-face questionnaire survey and health examination,the information of the subjects' demographic characteristics,risk factors,complications,involvement in community-based management of hypertension,anti-hypertension treatment,blood pressure,body height,waistline and body weight were collected.In this study,Rao-Scott x2 test was used to compare the variations among sub-groups.Taylor series linearization method was used to estimate the prevalence rate.The complex sampling and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the control of hypertension.Results A total of 5 120 subjects were recruited in the analysis.The proportion of those receiving management for more than two years was 36.57％,and it was higher in urban area (44.56％) than in nural area (31.79％,P＜0.05);In the past 12 months,6.17％ and 14.46％ of the patients received no blood pressure measurement and drug therapy advice respectively,but there were no significant differences between urban group and rural group (P＞0.05);In the past 12 months,the proportions of the patients receiving diet and physical activity advice were 84.25％ and 84.90％ respectively,and the proportions were higher in urban group than in rural group (P＜0.05);In the past 12 months,the proportions of the subjects receiving tobacco and alcohol use advice were 78.41％ and 77.80％ respectively,and the proportions were higher in rural group than in urban group (P＜0.05).In urban area,the subjects receiving standardized management had lower SBP (142.79 ± 17.39) mmHg,lower DBP (84.26 ± 9.49) mmHg and higher blood pressure control rate (49.77％) than those receiving no standardized management (P＜0.05);while in rural area,no difference was found in BP control between the patients receiving and receiving no standardized management (P＞0.05).In urban area,the influencing factors for BP control among the subjects receiving community based management were educational level,annual income,body weight,hypertension management mode,times of receiving BP measurement,times of receiving antihypertensive medicine advice and receiving physical activity advice;while in rural area,the influencing factors for BP control among the subjects receiving community based management were annual income,body weight,family history of hypertension,antihypertensive medicine awareness,times of receiving antihypertensive medicine advice and receiving diet advice.Conclusion The effects of community-based standardized management of hypertension were better in urban area than in rural area,and the quality of the services of community-based hypertension management was lower in rural area than in urban area.
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Objective:To investigate the current status and related factors of psychological distress in tele-phone operators.Methods:Totally 575 telephone operators from sample of a convenient survey in a certain telecom-munication company of Shandong Province were selected.They were assessed with Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10),Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS)and Sim-plified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ)for the evaluation of psychological distress,resilience,perceived social support and the coping style respectively.Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the related factors of psy-chological distress.Results:The mean score of K10 was (24.7 ±6.7),91.8% (528 /575)of telephone operators had psychological distress.Specifically,24.5%(141 /575)had mild psychological distress,45.4% (261 /575)had moderate psychological distress,21.9% (126 /575)had severe psychological distress.Ordinal logistic regression a-nalysis indicated that the ones with good economic conditions (OR =1.74,95%CI:1.15 -2.63),higher level of re-silience (OR =1.13,95%CI:1.10 -1.17)and other social support (OR =1.07,95%CI:1.02 -1.12)had milder psychological distress;while with negative coping style (OR =0.29,95%CI:0.20 -0.41)had more severe psycho-logical distress.Conclusion:It suggested that the prevalence rate of psychological distress among telephone opera-tors is high.Poor economic conditions,lower level of resilience and social support,and negative coping style might be the related factors of psychological distress.
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The pharmacological manipulation with selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRIs) can modify the operation of the serotonergic system and may facilitate or inhibit the action of this system, inducing changes in the morphology of the skeletal muscle of rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the treatment with fluoxetine during the critical period of the animal´s life on development of the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles, under the aspects of weight, the number of nuclei of myocyte cells and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Twenty four (30 and 90-day-old) male Wistar rats were used. They were treated with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%; 1 ml/100 g of body weight) or fluoxetine (10 mg; 1 ml/100g of body weight). The animals were divided in Saline Group (GS-30 and GS-90) and Fluoxetine Group (GF-30 and GF-90). The fluoxetine group showed a reduction on weight (g) of soleus (p=0.046) and lateral gastrocnemius (p=0.02) muscles in rats with 90 days. A lesser number of myonuclei was observed in fluoxetine group than saline group of 30 days (soleus, p<0.001; lateral gastrocnemius, p0.007) and 90 days (soleus, p=0.002; lateral gastrocnemius, p0.038). The cross section area of fluoxetine groups is also smaller than the saline groups with 30 days (soleus, p=0.03; lateral gastrocnemius, p=0.041) and 90 days (soleus, p=0.042; lateral gastrocnemius, p=0.012). The treatment of fluoxetine during the critical period of development of the nervous system of rats, causes early changes in the structure of muscle fibers that seem to be related to reducing the weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles only in late stage of the animal's life. Thus, the dosage used ISRS, suggests an inhibitory effect of 5-HT in relation to variables on the development of the skeletal muscle tissue of rats.
La manipulación farmacológica con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina (ISRS) pueden cambiar el funcionamento del sistema serotoninérgico y facilitar o inhibir la acción de este sistema, induciendo cambios en la morfología del músculo esquelético de ratones. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos de la manipulación farmacológica neonatal con fluoxetina en el desarrollo de la masa muscular, número de núcleos y área de la sección transversa de las fibras de los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio lateral. Se utilizaron 24 ratones Wistar machos, de 30 y 90 días de edad, tratados con solución salina (NaCl 0,9%, 1m/100 g de peso corporal) y fluoxetina (1 mg; 1 ml/100 g de peso corporal). Los animales fueron divididos en grupos con solución salina (GS-30 y GS-90) y fluoxetina (GF-30 y GF-90). El grupo tratado con fluoxetina mostró una reducción de peso (g) de los músculos sóleo (p=0,0046) y gastrocnemio lateral (p=0,02) en 90 días. Además, se observó en este mismo grupo una reducción de núcleos en 30 días (M. sóleo, p<0,001; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p0,007) así como en el período de 90 días (M. sóleo, p=0,002; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p0,038). También se observó reducción del área de la sección transversal en los animales tratados con fluoxetina durante el período de 30 días (M. sóleo, p=0,03; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p= 0,041;) y 90 días (M. sóleo, p=0,042; M. gastrocnemio lateral, p=0,012). El tratamiento con fluoxetina durante el período crítico del desarrollo del sistema nervioso de ratones, induce cambios prematuros en la estructura de la fibra muscular, los que parecen estar relacionados con la reducción de peso de los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio en una fase tardía de vida del animal. En consecuencia, la dosis utilizada de ISRS, sugiere un efecto inhibidor de la 5-HT, en relación a las variables estudiadas sobre el desarrollo del tejido muscular esquelético de ratones.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Organ Size/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle Cells/drug effectsABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adolescents and analyse associated factors. The sample under analysis comprised 278 adolescents, 10- to 17-year-old students from government schools in a small town in southern Brazil. Sociodemographic information was collected (age, sex, area of residence and educational level of family head), coupled to self-assessment of sexual maturation and body image perception (scale of body silhouettes). Frequency distribution was employed for statistical analysis; Student's t test was applied for independent samples; chi-square and Fisher's exact test and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment were used. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 59.3%, or rather, higher among females (65.6%) than among males (53%). An association between body image and sexual maturation existed which revealed that post-pubescent adolescents were more likely to show body image dissatisfaction when compared to their pre-pubescent peers. Females and post-pubescent adolescents were more likely to feel body image dissatisfaction. Intervention programs may be proposed as strategies for the construction of a positive body image.
Verificar a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes e analisar quais fatores a ela estão associados. Amostra composta por 278 adolescentes, de 10 a 17 anos, estudantes da rede pública de ensino de um município de pequeno porte do Sul do Brasil. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, área de domicílio e escolaridade do chefe da família), autoavaliação da maturação sexual e percepção da imagem corporal (escala de silhuetas corporais). Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados a distribuição de frequência, o teste "t" de Student para amostras independentes, o qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, e a regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância. A prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 59,3%, sendo maior no sexo feminino (65,6%), quando comparada ao sexo masculino (53%). Verificou-se associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e maturação sexual, mostrando que os adolescentes pós-púberes apresentam maior probabilidade de insatisfação quando comparados aos seus pares pré-púberes. O sexo feminino, assim como os adolescentes pós-púberes, foram os grupos que apresentaram maior chance de insatisfação corporal. Sugere-se que programas de intervenção proponham estratégias visando a construção de uma imagem corporal positiva.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Body Image , Cross-Sectional Studies , Puberty , Educational StatusABSTRACT
Objective To introduce the structure of the self-developed design for customized hip stem prothesis and decribe its standard cross-section shape. Methods The proximal femur model was reconstructed based on a patient’s CT image with DICOM format. The rectangle borders on cross-section of the matching area of the hip stem prosthesis were created, and the cross-section contour lines in rectangle borders were formed preliminarily by using simple lines. Based on the proximal femur model, the hip stem prosthesis was verified, and made modification to match the corresponding femoral cavity of the patient through adjusting design parameters. Results The cross-section of the customized hip stem prosthesis was of standard shapes, which was convenient for the quick design of this kind of individualized prosthesis with a simple design course. The parametric design program greatly reduced the workload when designing individualized hip stem prosthesis. Conclusions The design of customized hip stem prosthesis with standard cross-section shape could help to increase the success rate of artificial hip replacement surgeries, promote the application of customized hip stem prosthesis in clinic, and further improve the life quality of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate antenatal sonographic findings of the fetal isolated callosal hypoplasia and partial agenesis. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the cases of hypoplasia and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum suspected at antenatal sonographic basic examination from 2006 to 2014, all the cases were confirmed by pathology or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). For the surviving infants, clinical follow-up had been performed to assess the developmental outcome. Results Thirteen fetuses suspected with callosal underdevelopment were identified at a median gestational age of 31 (range, 18~39) weeks. Ten cases were confirmed by autopsy and MRI, including 9 with partial agenesis and 1 with hypoplasia. Among the 10 fetuses confirmed with isolated partial agenesis or with hypoplasia, incidence of the absent cavum septum pellucidum was 20%, the ‘Tear-drop’ lateral ventricles was 40%, the upward displacement of the third ventricle was 80%. Pregnancy was terminated electively in 8 of the cases with partial agenesis or with hypoplasia. Among the 2 surviving infants, apparent normal development was observed in only one case, but we lost the follow-up of this case at two-year-old. Six fetuses received the chromosome identification, almost all of them were normal. Conclusion The basic ultrasonic examination is feasible for the antenatal diagnosis of isolated callosal underdevelopment the. The indirect classical signs of callosal partial agenesis and hypoplasia are different with those of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. The incidences of the‘Tear-drop’ lateral ventricles and the upward displacement of the third ventricle are higher than the absence of CSP. The chromosome of isolated callosal partial agenesis or hypoplasia is normal, however, the prognosis is uncertain.