ABSTRACT
Descrevem-se os quadros clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais de equinos inoculados experimentalmente com a peçonha de Caudisona durissa terrificus (Crotalus durissus terrificus na antiga nomenclatura), com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios que favoreçam a compreensão desse tipo de acidente ofídico em equinos. O veneno liofilizado foi diluído em 1ml de solução salina a 0,9% e inoculado por via subcutânea em cinco equinos, nas doses de 0,12mg/kg (um animal), 0,066mg/kg (dois animais) e 0,03mg/kg (dois animais). O veneno causou a morte do equino que recebeu a dose de 0,12mg/kg e de um dos dois que receberam a dose de 0,066mg/kg, com evolução de 27h27min e 52h29min, respectivamente. O segundo animal que recebeu a dose de 0,066mg/kg também adoeceu, mas recuperou-se após 12 dias da inoculação. A dose de 0,03mg/kg determinou quadros não fatais do envenenamento, com período de evolução que variou entre 6 e 10 dias. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se por considerável aumento de volume no local de inoculação (escápula) que se estendeu por todo o membro, apatia e cabeça baixa, alterações locomotoras evidenciadas pelo arrastar das pinças no solo, decúbito e dificuldade para levantar, redução dos reflexos auricular, palatal, do lábio superior e de ameaça, e aumento das frequências cardíaca e respiratória. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram leucocitose por neutrofilia e linfocitose em apenas dois animais. Houve aumento das enzimas creatina quinase (CK), dehidrogenase láctica (DHL) e da ureia, e também redução nos níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. O tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) aumentou nos equinos que morreram. Os achados de necropsia foram edema do tecido subcutâneo em todo o membro em que foi aplicado o veneno, sufusões no epicárdio dos ventrículos cardíacos esquerdo e direito, e bexiga com áreas hemorrágicas em grande parte da mucosa. Ao exame histopatológico observaram-se fígado com moderada vacuolização difusa, afetando mais a zona intermediária do lóbulo hepático, leve dilatação dos sinusoides hepáticos em algumas áreas e rim com leve dilatação dos túbulos uriníferos, principalmente no córtex.
The clinic-pathological picture and laboratory findings in horses experimentally inoculated with the venom of Caudisona durissa terrificus (Crotalus durissus terrificus, according to the former nomenclature) are described. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of this type of snake accident in horses. The lyophilized venom was diluted into 1ml of a 0.9% saline solution and was inoculated subcutaneously into five horses, at the doses of 0.12mg/kg (one horse), 0.066mg/kg (two horses) and 0.03mg/kg (two horses). The venom caused death of the horse that had received 0.12mg/kg, and of one horse of the two that had received the dose of 0.066mg/kg. The clinical course varied from 27h27min to 52h29min. The second horse inoculated with 0.066mg/kg recovered within 12 days after inoculation. The dose of 0.03mg/kg had a course of 6 to 10 days, but did not cause fatal envenomation. The clinical picture in the horses was characterized by swelling of the inoculation site (shoulder) that spread to the whole leg, by apathy and lowered head, locomotory alterations shown by dragging of the hoves on the ground, decubitus and difficulty to get up, reduction of auricular, palatal, upperlip and threat reflexes, and increase of heart and breathing frequency. The laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in two horses. There was increase of the creatine-kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (DHL) and urea, and reduction in the seric levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The activated partial tromboplastina time (TTPA) increased in the horses that died. Postmortem findings were edema of the subcutaneous tissue of the whole leg into which the venom was inoculated, suffusions in the epicard of left and right heart ventricles, and bladder with hemorrhagic areas in its mucosa. Histopatologic examination revealed the liver parenchyma with diffuse moderate vacuolation affecting predominantly the intermediate area of the hepatic lobe, and slight dilation of the sinusoides in some areas, and slight dilation of the kidney tubules mainly in the cortex.
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/metabolism , Crotalus cascavella/toxicity , Laboratory Test , Signs and Symptoms/veterinary , Leukocytosis/veterinary , Lymphocytosis/veterinary , Neutrophils/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory of the snakebite accidents in children and adults of both genders who were hospitalized in the Institute of Tropical Medicine in the period January 2009 to February 2010.Materiales Methods: Retrospective, observational, transverse section. Results and Conclusion: From a total of 126 cases of snakebite accidents. The males had higher prevalence 71.4% (90/126), aged between 10-19 years to 23.3% (29/126). The most frequent cases in 2009 February was 16% (20/126) and 2010 January 14% (14/126). What differs with the study of Vera, Caceres Paez and Gamarra, Paraguay it was found that the months with the highest incidence of snakebite accidents is March and abril. 8 regard to the health region the department with more cases was Cordillera with 26.2% (33/126). The genus Bothrops sp. was responsible for the increased frequency of accidents. The most common clinical manifestations were local: 37% (45% / 126) Edema and 28% (37/126) pain. The most obvious complications were 33% (8 / 24) acute renal failure, 29% (7 / 22) anemia, 13% (3 / 24) Disseminated intravascular coagulation, 13% (3 / 24) Necrosis, 8% (2 / 24) Cellulite and 4% (1 / 24) abscesses. Regarding laboratory data, we observed that 75% (95/126) of prothrombin time values were decreased 59% (74/126) Partial Prothrombin Time increased to 64% (81/126) Fibrinogen decreased. While, 70.6% (89/126) of urea and 54.5% (67/123) of creatinine was within normal limits
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales de los accidentes por mordeduras de serpientes en niños y adultos hospitalizados en Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el periodo de enero del 2009 al febrero del 2010. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transverso de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Medicina tropical entre enero de 2009 y febrero de 2010 con mordeduras de serpientes. Resultados: De un total de 126 casos de accidentes ofídicos. El sexo masculino presentó mayor prevalencia 71,4% (90/126), en edades comprendida entre 10-19 años con un 23,3% (29/126). Los casos más frecuentes en el 2009 se observaron en el mes de febrero 16% (20/126), y en el 2010 en el mes de enero 14% (14/126).Lo que difiere con el estudio de Vera, Páez y Gamarra de Cáceres, Paraguay que se encontró que los meses con más incidencia de accidentes ofídicos es marzo y abril.8 Respecto a la región sanitaria el departamento que presentó mayor casos fue Cordillera con un 26,2% (33/126). El género Bothrops sp., fue responsable de la mayor frecuencia de accidentes. Las manifestaciones clínicas locales más comunes fueron: 37% (45/126) Edema y 28%(37/126) dolor. Las complicaciones más evidentes fueron 33% (8/24) insuficiencia renal aguda, 29% (7/22) anemia, 13% (3/24) Coagulación Intravascular diseminada, 13% (3/24) Necrosis, 8% (2/24) Celulitis y 4% (1/24) Abscesos. En cuanto a los datos laboratoriales, se observó que el 75% (95/126) de los valores de Tiempo Protrombina estaban disminuido, 59% (74/126) el Tiempo Parcial de Protrombina aumentado y el 64% (81/126) Fibrinógeno disminuido. En tanto que, el 70,6% (89/126) de la Urea y 54,5% (67/123) de la Creatinina se encontró dentro de los valores normale