Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Configuration of the Anti-parallel G-quadruplex Formed by 22-nt Telomere RNA Fragments / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

G-quadruplexes with different conformations often exhibit different binding abilities to proteins and play different physiological functions. It is of great significance to analyze the factors affecting the configuration of G-quadruplex to explore its physiological function. Different from DNA, RNA sequences have shown parallel G-quadruplex structures in previous reports. However, we found that the only RNA sequence, the 22-nt telomere RNA fragment (ORN-N, A

Non-extraction orthodontic treatment in angle class I malocclusion with severe crowding, deep bite, and midline shifting: A case report

@#Crowding is the most common dental case worldwide. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a 20-year-old woman with severe crowding, deep bite, and midline shifting. The patient presented with the chief complaint of crowding and an unaesthetic smile. Upon examination, the patient had Angle Class I Malocclusion. The severe crowding was treated comprehensively and successfully corrected using fixed orthodontic appliances and without extraction, only interproximal reduction (IPR).

How does arch form and interproximal contact size affect the 3D displacements and rotations of teeth: a finite element analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how arch form and interproximal contact size displace mandibular teeth subjected to an anterior component of force (ACF). Methods: Nine finite element models (FEM) of the mandibular arch were developed using Ansys® v. 16.0 software. They were designed to evaluate the effects of three arch forms (triangular, oval, and square) and three contact sizes (point-to-point, 1 mm diameter, and 2 mm diameter). All nine models were subjected to an ACF of 53.8 N (5486 gm). Three-dimensional tooth rotations and displacements of the mandibular teeth were evaluated, from the right first molar to the left first molar. Results: Arch form had a greater effect on tooth movements than contact size. Triangular arches and point-to-point contacts produced the greatest displacements and rotations of teeth. Oval arches with 2 mm wide interproximal contact points showed the greatest stability. The right first premolar showed the greatest displacements in all of the models. Conclusions: Arch form and contact size affect interproximal tooth stability. Teeth are least stable in narrow arches with point-to-point interproximal contacts, and most stable in wider arches with larger contacts.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como o formato da arcada e o tamanho do contato interproximal deslocam os dentes inferiores submetidos a um componente anterior de força (CAF). Métodos: Nove modelos de elementos finitos (MEF) da arcada inferior foram desenvolvidos utilizando o software Ansys® v. 16.0. Eles foram projetados para avaliar os efeitos de três formatos de arcada (triangular, oval e quadrado) e três tamanhos de contato interproximal (ponto a ponto, 1 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de diâmetro). Todos os nove modelos foram submetidos a um CAF de 53,8 N (5486 gm). Foram avaliados tridimensionalmente as rotações dentárias e os deslocamentos dos dentes inferiores, do primeiro molar direito ao primeiro molar esquerdo. Resultados: A forma da arcada teve um efeito maior no movimento dos dentes do que o tamanho do contato interproximal. Arcadas triangulares e contatos ponto a ponto produziram os maiores deslocamentos e rotações dos dentes. Arcadas ovais com pontos de contato interproximal de 2 mm de largura apresentaram maior estabilidade. O primeiro pré-molar direito apresentou os maiores deslocamentos em todos os modelos. Conclusões: O formato da arcada e o tamanho do contato interproximal afetam a estabilidade dos dentes. Os dentes foram menos estáveis nas arcadas estreitas com contatos interproximais ponto a ponto, e mais estáveis nas arcadas mais largas com contatos maiores.

Fotobiomodulación con láser de baja intensidad en el tratamiento integral ortodóntico: reporte de un caso / Photobiomodulation with low intensity laser in comprehensive orthodontic treatment: report of a case

El apiñamiento dental es una maloclusión frecuen-te y junto con los requerimientos de estética dental son una causa habitual de la solicitud de tratamien-to ortodóncico. El tiempo que demanda y las moles-tias que pudiera ocasionar el tratamiento produce inquietud en los pacientes y un esfuerzo de los or-todoncistas para optimizar el tiempo y prevenir los efectos adversos. Los tratamientos odontológicos multidisciplinarios permiten una mejor respuesta estética, funcional y de estabilidad post tratamiento. El tiempo de alineación dentaria y finalización, en los pacientes tratados con láser de baja intensidad po-dría mejorar tanto los índices gingivales como la res-puesta al dolor. Adicionalmente, las corticales óseas de los pacientes con ortodoncia tratados con láser, podrían verse menos afectadas en comparación con las de los pacientes no tratados. Se presenta un caso de fotobioestimulación con láser de baja intensidad aplicado en un paciente en fase de alineación, que forma parte de un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado que se desarrolla en la FOUBA y fue aprobado por el comité de Ética de la institución. El paciente aceptó y firmó el consentimiento informado. Finalizada la etapa de alineación, se evaluó la efectividad de la te-rapia con láser de baja intensidad actualmente de-nominada fotobiomodulación en incisivos superiores en la fase de alineación para acelerar el movimiento dentario, la respuesta gingival, el dolor, el estado de la cortical alveolar vestibular y la estética del perfil (AU)

Dental crowding, which is a frequent malocclusion, and dental aesthetic requirements are a common cause for requesting orthodontic treatment. The time that the treatment requires and the inconvenience that it could cause worries the patient and makes orthodontists strive to optimize time and prevent adverse effects. Multidisciplinary treatments would allow a better aesthetic, functional and post-treatment stability response. The dental alignment and completion time in patients treated with low-intensity laser could improve both gingival indices and response to pain. Additionally, the bone cortical of orthodontic patients treated with laser could be less affected compared to those of untreated patients. A case of low-intensity laser photobiostimulation applied to a patient in the alignment phase is presented, which is part of a prospective randomized study carried out at FOUBA and was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. The patient accepted and signed the informed consent. After the alignment phase, the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy actually called photobiomodulation in upper incisors in the alignment phase is evaluated to accelerate tooth movement; the gingival response; the pain; the vestibular alveolar cortical and the aesthetics of the profile (AU)

Medical planning for mass gathering sports events in brazil / Planificación médica para eventos deportivos masivos en brasil / Planejamento médico para eventos esportivos de massa no brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical planning for mass gathering events is founded on the structuring of assistance to the population involved and the preservation of the response capacities of the local healthcare system. Large sporting events attended by crowds are increasingly common in society. These events have been shown to be dangerous, generating higher incidences of injuries and illnesses than usual. Thus, planning and the interaction among various public and private sectors are required for the prevention of and response to emergencies and incidents involving multiple victims. Methods: Recently published studies on medical planning for large sports events and current federal agency legislation were selected to conduct an updated review on the subject. Results: After reading titles and abstracts, 159 papers were chosen for a full reading, 50 of which met the eligibility criteria and were included as the basis for this review. The size of the audience, the weather, and the behavior of the crowd seem to contribute significantly to the estimated need for resources in sporting events. Conclusion: Mass events require planning for prevention and to strengthen the resilience of host communities. There is a still a lack of evidence that these events increase the risk of the mass spreading of disease. Level of Evidence: V; Expert opinion .

RESUMEN Introducción: La planificación médica de eventos masivos tiene como pilares la estructuración de la atención a la población involucrada y la preservación de las capacidades de respuesta del sistema local de salud. Los grandes eventos deportivos a los que asisten multitudes son cada vez más comunes en la sociedad. Estos eventos han demostrado ser peligrosos, generando una mayor incidencia de lesiones y enfermedades de lo habitual. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la planificación y la interacción de diversos sectores, públicos y privados, para la prevención y respuesta a emergencias o incidentes con múltiples víctimas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron estudios recientes publicados sobre la planificación médica de grandes eventos deportivos y la legislación vigente en organismos federales con el objetivo de realizar una revisión actualizada sobre el tema. Resultados: Después de leer los títulos y resúmenes, se eligieron 159 artículos para lectura completa y 50 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad y se utilizaron como base para esta revisión. El tamaño del público, las condiciones climáticas y el comportamiento de la multitud parecen contribuir significativamente a la estimación de los requisitos de recursos en los eventos deportivos. Conclusión: Los eventos masivos requieren una planificación para la prevención y el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia de las comunidades anfitrionas. Todavía no hay pruebas de que estos eventos aumenten el riesgo de propagación masiva de enfermedades. Nivel de Evidencia: V; Opinión experta .

RESUMO Introdução: O planejamento médico para eventos de massa tem como pilares a estruturação dos atendimentos à população envolvida e a preservação da capacidade de resposta do sistema de saúde local. Grandes eventos esportivos frequentados por multidões são cada vez mais comuns na sociedade. Esses eventos têm se mostrado perigosos, gerando maiores incidências de lesões e doenças do que o habitual. Dessa forma, é necessário planejamento e interação de diversos setores, públicos e privados, para prevenção e resposta à ocorrência de emergências ou incidentes com múltiplas vítimas. Métodos: Foram selecionados trabalhos recentes publicados sobre o planejamento médico para grandes eventos esportivos e a legislação vigente em órgãos federais com o objetivo de realizar uma revisão atualizada sobre o assunto. Resultados: Após a leitura de títulos e resumos, 159 trabalhos foram escolhidos para leitura integral e 50 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram usados como base para esta revisão. O tamanho do público, as condições climáticas e o comportamento da multidão parecem contribuir significativamente para a estimativa da necessidade de recursos em eventos esportivos. Conclusão: Eventos de massa exigem planejamento para prevenção e fortalecimento da resiliência das comunidades anfitriãs. Ainda faltam evidências de que esses eventos aumentem o risco de propagação maciça de doenças. Nível de evidência: V; Opinião do especialista .

Multidisciplinary treatment of Class I Angle Malocclusion with severe crowding and peg lateral incisor: A case report

@#Class I malocclusions with severe crowding and tooth size discrepancies may be successfully treated orthodontically with extraction therapy, and co-management with other specialists. Correction of the discrepancies will optimize occlusal result (overjet, overbite, midline shift, and smile esthetics). This is a case of a 19-year-old male with severe crowding in upper and lower teeth and peg lateral incisor. The patient had malocclusion Class I. This case was treated comprehensively and successfully using fixed orthodontic appliances with extraction of four premolars, and veneer composite for peg lateral incisor with the help of a conservative dentist at the end of orthodontic treatment.

VALUE ADDED TAX AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA (A CRITICAL APPRAISAL)

This research is focused on the impact of Value Added Tax on Economic Growth in Nigeria. It covers the period between 1999 and 2019. Secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin as well as Nigeria Bureau of Statistics were utilized. The ordinary least square estimating technique was adopted. The result revealed that Government expenditure, Investment and Value Added Tax were statistically significant to changes in Economic Growth in Nigeria. However, human capital development was not statistically significant to changes in Economic growth with in the period covered by the study. It was therefore recommended that even though Value Added Tax is marginally significant to changes in economic growth, government should not increase it to fund annual budget. Government is also advised to increase acquisition of skills of its labour force to boost human capital segment. Also government should increase capital expenditure which is the productive aspect of her annual expenditure instead of the usual lion share given to recurrent expenditure in annual budget. This is the only way economic growth can be sustainable in Nigeria

Factores antropológicos socio-demográficos en la incidencia de lepra

Introducción: La conexión entre la lepra y los factores sociales, tienen implicación tanto para el paciente, como para la operatividad de los programas de control de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar factores antropológicos socio-demográficos en la incidencia de lepra en el municipio Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal retrospectivo. El universo lo conformaron los pacientes con diagnósticos de lepra incluidos en el periodo que abarcó el estudio y pertenecientes al municipio Camagüey. Las variables estudiadas fueron: formas clínicas según clasificación sanitaria, edad, sexo, área de salud, procedencia geográfica (rural o urbana), ingreso económico familiar e índice de hacinamiento. La información obtenida fue procesada mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS v21. Los métodos empleados fueron estadística descriptiva de distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados del estudio se expusieron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: La lepra multibacilar fue la de mayor incidencia, predominó el grupo de edad entre los 20 y 59 años, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el mayor por ciento de casos se observó en las áreas de salud Norte y Previsora, más de las cuatro quintas parte de los pacientes pertenecían a la zona urbana, la mayoría de ellos tenían un ingreso económico familiar malo y predominó el índice sin hacinamiento. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario profundizar en el estudio de los factores antropológicos sociales que pudieran favorecer la adquisición de esta enfermedad.

Introduction: The connection between leprosy and social factors has implications both for the patient and for the operation of the control programs for this disease. Objective: To characterize socio-demographic anthropological factors in the incidence of leprosy in the Camagüey municipality. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The universe was made up of patients diagnosed with leprosy included in the period covered by the study and belonging to the municipality of Camagüey. The variables studied were: clinical forms according to health classification, age, sex, health area, geographical origin (rural or urban), family economic income and overcrowding index. The information obtained was processed using the statistical package SPSS v21. The methods used were descriptive statistics of absolute and relative frequency distribution. The results of the study were presented in tables and graphs. Results: Multibacillary leprosy was the one with the highest incidence, the age group between 20 and 59 years old prevailed, with a predominance of males, the highest percentage of cases was observed in the North and Previsory health areas, more than four fifths parts of the patients belonged to urban areas, most of them had a poor family income and the index without overcrowding prevailed. Conclusions: It is necessary to deepen the study of the social anthropological factors that could favor the acquisition of this disease.

Use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures associated with new episodes of acute low back pain-related disability among elderly people: a cross-sectional study on the Back Complaints in the Elders - Brazil cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with low back pain frequently undergo a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, but some of these have uncertain effectiveness. This highlights the importance of the association of healthcare services and therapeutic measures relating to disability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures among Brazilian older adults with disability-related low back pain. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study on baseline assessment data from the Back Complaints in the Elders - Brazil (BACE-B) cohort. METHODS: The main analyses were based on a consecutive sample of 602 older adult participants in BACE-B (60 years of age and over). The main outcome measurement for disability-related low back pain was defined as a score of 14 points or more in the Roland Morris Questionnaire. RESULTS: Visits to doctors in the previous six weeks (odds ratio, OR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-2.71) and use of analgesics in the previous three months (OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.07-2.31) showed statistically significant associations with disability-related low back pain. The probability of disability-related low back pain had an additive effect to the combination of use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures (OR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.52-4.36). The analyses showed that this association was significant among women, but not among men. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of the combined of consultations and medication use was correlated with higher chance of severe disability among these elderly people with nonspecific low back pain. This suggested that overuse and "crowding-in" effects were present in medical services for elderly people.

Evaluation of the Manchester Triage System quality indicator: service time / Evaluación del indicador de calidad del Sistema de Triaje Manchester: tiempo de servicio / Avaliação do indicador de qualidade do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester: tempo de atendimento

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the conformity of the time interval between the end of the risk classification and the beginning of medical care with that recommended by the Manchester protocol and to relate the times of care and the risk categories with the outcome. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study. The t test, the analysis of variance and the generalized linear model were used. Results: The average time for medical care in the red and orange categories was 3 and 39.5 minutes, respectively. Death outcome was associated with the red category, with an average time to start the classification of 5.5 minutes and an average length of stay of 2.3 hours. Conclusion: The waiting time for medical care in the high priority categories was longer than recommended, which suggests the need to continuously monitor the system. Shorter waiting times for classification and permanence were related to the red category and the outcome of death.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el cumplimiento del intervalo de tiempo entre el final de la clasificación de riesgo y el inicio de la atención médica con el recomendado por el protocolo de Manchester y relacionar los tiempos de atención y las categorías de riesgo con el resultado. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y analítico. Se utilizó la prueba t, el análisis de varianza y el modelo lineal generalizado. Resultados: El tiempo promedio de atención médica en las categorías rojo y naranja fue de 3 y 39,5 minutos, respectivamente. El resultado de la muerte se asoció con la categoría roja, con un tiempo promedio para iniciar la clasificación de 5,5 minutos y una estancia promedio de 2,3 horas. Conclusión: El tiempo de espera para la atención médica en las categorías de alta prioridad fue mayor al recomendado, lo que sugiere la necesidad de monitorear continuamente el sistema. Los tiempos de espera más cortos para la clasificación y la permanencia se relacionaron con la categoría roja y el resultado de la muerte.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a conformidade do intervalo de tempo entre o término da classificação de risco e o início do atendimento médico com o recomendado pelo protocolo de Manchester e relacionar os tempos de atendimento e as categorias de risco com o desfecho. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo e analítico. Foram utilizados o testet, a análise de variância e o modelo linear generalizado. Resultados: O tempo médio para atendimento médico nas categorias vermelha e laranja foi de 3 e 39,5 minutos, respectivamente. Desfecho óbito associou-se à categoria vermelha, com tempo médio para início da classificação de 5,5 minutos e tempo médio de permanência de 2,3 horas. Conclusão: O tempo de espera para atendimento médico nas categorias de alta prioridade foi maior que recomendado, o que sugere a necessidade de monitorar continuamente o sistema. Menores tempos de espera para a classificação e de permanência relacionaram-se à categoria vermelha e ao desfecho óbito.

Modified Arnold expander: an alternative for mandibular arch expansion

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the anatomical constraints of the mandible, mandibular dental arch usually serves as a guideline to determine the required changes in the maxillary transverse dimension. The Schwarz appliance and the Lip Bumper are the traditional orthodontic appliances for mandibular arch expansion in patients with borderline amounts of crowding, and/or transverse discrepancy. However, they often require patient cooperation, which may be a concern for orthodontists in daily practice. Objectives: This article illustrates a simple fixed orthodontic device as an alternative to achieve mandibular arch expansion in patients with moderate tooth-size/arch-length discrepancy. The four reported cases refer to 8 to 10-year-old patients in the mixed dentition, with an Angle Class I or Class II malocclusion, transverse deficiency in both arches, moderate crowding and/or posterior crossbite, combined with compromised smile aesthetics. The patients were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using Hass expander appliance and the modified Arnold expander (MAE). Conclusion: This low-cost compliance-free orthodontic appliance provided dentoalveolar decompensation by means of uprighting the posterior teeth, with minimal or no adjustments during treatment. The final results were achieved in only three to four months, and fulfilled all treatment objectives, such as an increase in the arch perimeter and width, and a better teeth alignment.

RESUMO Introdução: Devido aos limites anatômicos da mandíbula, a arcada dentária inferior geralmente serve como guia para determinar as alterações necessárias na dimensão transversal da maxila. O aparelho de Schwarz e o Lip Bumper são os aparelhos usados tradicionalmente para expansão da arcada inferior em pacientes com quantidades limítrofes de apinhamento e/ou discrepância transversal. No entanto, eles requerem a cooperação do paciente, o que pode ser uma preocupação para os ortodontistas na prática diária. Objetivos: O presente artigo ilustra uma alternativa diferente de aparelho fixo para se obter a expansão da arcada inferior em pacientes com discrepância moderada de tamanho dentário e/ou comprimento da arcada. Os quatro casos relatados referem-se a pacientes com 8 a 10 anos de idade, na dentição mista, com má oclusão de Classe I ou II de Angle, deficiência transversal em ambas as arcadas, apinhamento moderado e/ou mordida cruzada posterior, apresentando comprometimento da estética do sorriso. Os pacientes foram tratados com expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), usando aparelho expansor de Hass, e expansor Arnold modificado (EAM). Conclusão: O EAM, que é um aparelho de baixo custo e não depende da colaboração do paciente, promoveu uma descompensação dentoalveolar por meio da verticalização dos dentes posteriores, necessitando de mínimo ou nenhum ajuste durante o tratamento. Os resultados pretendidos foram alcançados em três a quatro meses e cumpriram todos os objetivos do tratamento, como aumento do perímetro e largura da arcada, assim como o melhor alinhamento dos dentes.

Household crowding hampers mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Household crowding deserves attention when evaluating the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. We aimed to evaluate the association between household crowding and COVID-19 incidence. METHODS: Linear and Poisson regression analyses were used to assess the associations between indices of household crowding (high, average, low) and COVID-19 incidence estimates. RESULTS: Cities with a high index of household crowding were linked with a significantly higher COVID-19 incidence estimate (excess of 461 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval: 371-558 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Crowding typically promotes virus transmission. Considering urban and housing structures is essential in designing mitigation strategies during a pandemic.

Homeopatía y la ley de los infinitesimales / Homeopathy and the Law of Infinitesimals

This paper explains the second elementary law of homeopathy, the Law of the Infinitesimals, on the basis of a kinetic model. When a remedy occurs in the human cell of a healthy person and forms a reaction product (simillimum) that induces the finest medical symptoms of an ill person, then remedies entering the cell of the ill person will form identical simillimum molecules and re-establish the initial equilibrium of the healthy state and cure the ill person. However, this will also induce a molecular crowding in the cells of the ill person. For kinetic reasons this will aggravate the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium and consequently worsen or even interrupt the medical treatment. At a low remedy concentration, the molecular crowding becomes negligible while the formation of the simillimum and the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium will take place continuously and cure the person who is ill

Multidisciplinary treatment of Class I angle Malocclusion with severe Crowding and Peg Lateral Incisor: A case report

@#Class I malocclusions with severe crowding and tooth size discrepancies may be successfully treated orthodontically with extraction therapy, and co-management with other specialists. Correction of the discrepancies will optimize occlusal result (overjet, overbite, midline shift, and smile esthetics). This is a case of a 19-year-old male with severe crowding in upper and lower teeth and peg lateral incisor. The patient had malocclusion Class I. This case was treated comprehensively and successfully using fixed orthodontic appliances with extraction of four premolars, and veneer composite for peg lateral incisor with the help of a conservative dentist at the end of orthodontic treatment.

Percepções e afetos na prisão: análise de narrativas de presos e agentes penitenciários / Percepciones y afectos en prisión: análisis de narraciones de prisioneros y oficiales de prisión / Perceptions and affections in prison: analysis of prisoners and penitentiary officers narratives

Resumo Trata-se de um estudo de caso numa penitenciária do Ceará, Brasil, cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar percepções ambientais de usuários em ambiente penal, pela expressão de suas experiências no lugar, bem como das simbologias a ele atribuídos. Por meio de entrevistas narrativas realizadas em novembro de 2017, participaram da pesquisa seis presos e seis agentes penitenciários. Suas respostas passaram por análise de conteúdo, permitindo identificar dimensões macro, meso, exo e microsistêmicas de relações ambientais na prisão. Fundamentado na Psicologia Ambiental, concluiu-se que a prisão provoca uma ruptura sócio relacional com o mundo exterior, demonstrando ser incômodo mais relevante do que a sujeição forçada em espaço fisicamente inadequado e superlotado. Ponderou-se, dentre outras reflexões, sobre a função social do aprisionamento que, nas condições atuais, apresenta-se distante dos objetivos de reinserção social e recuperação de pessoas. A prisão provoca sentimentos negativos e depreciadores nas, e sobre, pessoas que o vivenciam.

Resumen Estudio de caso en una prisión de Ceará, Brasil, con el objetivo de identificar y analizar las percepciones ambientales de los usuarios a través de la expresión de sus experiencias en el lugar y así como las simbologías que se le atribuyen. A través de entrevistas narrativas realizadas en noviembre de 2017, participaron en la investigación seis presos y seis oficiales de prisión. Sus respuestas pasaron por análisis de contenido, lo que permitió identificar dimensiones macro, meso, exo y microsistémicas de las relaciones ambientales en la prisión. Basado en la Psicología Ambiental, se concluyó que el encarcelamiento causa una ruptura socio-relacional con el mundo exterior, lo que demuestra ser molestia más relevante que la sujeción forzada en un espacio físicamente inadecuado y superpoblado. Se consideró que la función social del encarcelamiento está lejos de los objetivos de reintegración social y recuperación de las personas. El encarcelamiento causa sentimientos negativos y despectivos en y sobre las personas que lo experimentan.

Abstract This is a case study from a Brazilian prison unit, in the state of Ceará. Its aim was to identify and analyze a prison environment user's perceptions through the expression of their experiences and of the symbology assigned to the place. Through narrative interviews accomplished in November 2017, the research reached six inmates and six prison officers as participants. Their answer went through content analysis, which allowed the identification of macro, meso, exo and micro systemic dimensions of the prison's environmental relations. Grounded in Environmental Psychology, the study concluded that prison causes a social relational break with the outside world. This way, this break demonstrated to bother people more than the forced bondage inside a physically inadequate and overcrowded space. Among other reflections, it was considered that currently the social function of imprisonment is far from the goals of people's social reintegration and recovery. Instead, imprisonment causes negative and derogatory feelings in and about people who experience it.

Estudio de espacios fisiológicos en niños de 5 años de círculos infantiles. Policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz. Bayamo / Study of physiological spaces in 5-year-old children in children's circles. René Vallejo Ortiz Polyclinic. Bayamo / Estudo de espaços fisiológicos em crianças de 5 anos de idade em círculos infantis. Policlínica René Vallejo Ortiz. Bayamo

RESUMEN Introducción: los espacios primates y diastemas interincisales se presentan en la dentición decidua y en su gran mayoría son de carácter fisiológico, la presencia o ausencia de uno de estos tipos de diastema repercute directamente en la dentición mixta y permanente provocando apiñamiento dental y una maloclusión, estos espacios se presentan desde los 3 hasta los 6 años aproximadamente, donde el primer molar definitivo se presenta en boca cerrando los espacios. Objetivo: analizar los espacios primates y diastemas interincisales en dentición decidua en niños de los círculos infantiles que pertenecen al policlínico René Vallejo Ortíz de Bayamo. Método: la muestra estuvo constituida por 65 infantes de 5 años, de los cuales 33 masculinos y32 femeninas que acudieron a la clínica estomatológica del Policlínico René Vallejo. Se le realizó una encuesta y con una regla milimétrica se midieron los espacios que presentan los diastemas interincisales y los espacios primates. Resultados: los espacios primates se presentaron en el 81.53% de los niños y se ausentaron en 18.46% tomando en cuenta solo los niños que presentaron espacios primates, los niños tuvieron mayor prevalencia con 50.94% y las niñas con 49.05%, por otro lado los diastemas interincisales se presentaron en el 78.46% de los niños y se ausentaron con el 21.53% tomando en cuenta solo los niños con diastemas interincisales, los niños tienen mayor prevalencia con el 50.98% y las niñas con el 49.01%, en cuanto al tipo de arco de Baumen más, frecuente en los niños es el tipo I con el 60% , seguido del tipo II con 21.53% y el tipo III con 18.46%, finalmente la probabilidad de apiñamiento fue menor que los espacios necesarios para la correcta ubicación de la dentición permanente. Conclusiones: la presencia de espacios de primates fue mayor que los diastemas interincisivos. El sexo masculino predominó en los diastemas fisiológicos y espacios de primates en ambos maxilares. El tipo de arco según Baumen más prevalente fue el tipo I en ambos sexos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the primate spaces and interincisaldiastemas occur in the deciduous dentition and most of them are physiological, the presence or absence of one of these types of diastema has a direct effect on the permanent and mixed dentition causing dental crowding and malocclusion, these spaces They appear from 3 to 6 years approximately, where the first definitive molar is presented in the mouth closing the spaces. Objective: to analyze the primate spaces and interincisaldiastemas in deciduous dentition in children of nursery schools belonging to the Rene Vallejo Ortíz polyclinic in Bayamo. Method: the sample consisted of 65 infants of 5 years, of which 33 were male and 32 were female who attended the stomatological clinic of the René Vallejo Polyclinic. A survey was carried out and with a millimeter ruler the spaces presented by the interincisaldiastemas and the primate spaces were measured. Results: the primate spaces were presented in 81.53% of the children and were absent in 18.46% taking into account only the children who presented primate spaces, the children had higher prevalence with 50.94% and the girls with 49.05%, on the other hand the interincisaldiastemas occurred in 78.46% of children and were absent with 21.53% taking into account only children with interincisaldiastemas, children have a higher prevalence with 50.98% and girls with 49.01%, in terms of the type of Baumen arc more, frequent in children is type I with 60%, followed by type II with 21.53% and type III with 18.46%, finally the probability of crowding was less than the spaces required for the correct location of the permanent dentition. Conclusions: the presence of primate spaces was greater than the interincisivediastemas. The male sex predominated in the physiological diastemas and primate spaces in both jaws. The type of bow according to Baumen most prevalent was type I in both sexes.

RESUMO Introdução: os espaços de diastema primata e interincisal estão presentes na dentição decídua e, na grande maioria, são fisiológicos, a presença ou ausência de um desses tipos de diastema afeta diretamente a dentição mista e permanente, causando apinhamento dentário e má oclusão, Esses espaços aparecem de 3 a 6 anos aproximadamente, onde o primeiro molar definitivo é apresentado na boca fechando os espaços. Objetivo: analisar os espaços de diastema primata e interincisal na dentição decídua em crianças de círculos infantis pertencentes à policlínica René Vallejo Ortíz de Bayamo. Método: a amostra foi constituída por 65 crianças de 5 anos de idade, sendo 33 do sexo masculino e 32 do sexo feminino que compareceram à clínica estomatológica da Policlínica René Vallejo. Foi realizado um levantamento e, com régua milimétrica, foram medidos os espaços apresentados pelos diastemas interincisais e os espaços primatas. Resultados: os espaços primatas foram apresentados em 81,53% dos meninos e ausentes em 18,46%, considerando apenas os meninos que apresentavam espaços primatas, os meninos tiveram maior prevalência com 50,94% e as meninas com 49,05%, por outro lado. diastemas interincisais ocorreram em 78,46% dos meninos e estavam ausentes com 21,53%, considerando apenas os meninos com diastemas interincisais, os meninos são mais prevalentes com 50,98% e as meninas com 49,01%, em termos do tipo de Quanto mais Baumen, mais frequente em crianças é o tipo I com 60%, seguido pelo tipo II com 21,53% e tipo III com 18,46%, finalmente a probabilidade de aglomeração foi menor do que os espaços necessários para a correta localização do local. dentição permanente. Conclusões: a presença de espaços primatas foi maior que o diastema interincisivo. O sexo masculino predominou em diastemas fisiológicos e espaços de primatas nas duas mandíbulas. O tipo de arco mais prevalente de acordo com Baumen foi o tipo I em ambos os sexos.

Association Of Eda Gene Polymorphisms Rs 372024, Rs 3764746, Rs 3795170 In Skeletal Class I Cases With Dental Crowding

The EDA gene, associated with X linked hydrotic form of Ectodermal Dysplasia, its mutations could potentially lead to differential gene expression that causes large tooth phenotype, which has been suggested to cause dental crowding. We analyzed the association of genetic polymorphisms in EDA gene variants rs 372024, rs 3764746, and rs 3795170 among Skeletal Class I crowding cases using blood samples of 30 cases and 30 controls, which were subjected to PCR amplication and DNA sequencing. Based on the statistical analysis using the Z test we found CG and GG genotype for rs3764746 and GT and TT genotype for rs3795170 showed a statistically signicant result. These results suggest that EDA gene variants rs3764746 and rs3795170 could be genetic markers for dental crowding in our population while EDA gene variant rs372024 did not show any signicant association in our population. These ndings can provide in-depth knowledge, regarding the genetic inuences on the incidence of crowding of teeth.

Alternative of timely treatment of unilateral posterior cross-bite in primary and mixed early dentition. Case series / Tratamiento de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral en dentición primaria y mixta temprana: Serie de casos

Introduction Unilateral posterior cross bites (UPCB) are one of the most frequent types of malocclusions found in both primary and early mixed dentitions. Due to its multifactorial origin, its treatment is focused not only on the correction of malocclusion, but also on long-term functional and occlusal stability that reduces alterations in the growth and development of the stomatognathic system at an early age. The objective of this series of cases is to present two alternatives of timely treatment for this malocclusion. Description of the cases The first case is an 8-year-old patient with left UPCB who receives controlled palatal expansion treatment with a Hyrax screw with acrylic splint, in which favorable results are obtained in a short time and with long-term stability. The second case, a 4-year-old patient with a right UPCB is presented with Planas' direct tracks, achieving a desired mandibular postural change. Discussion The treatment alternatives presented, several authors have reported a series of benefits obtained from the type of intervention that not only achieve the correction of malocclusion, but also achieve the improvement of structures that make up the craniofacial complex, within which highlights the desired long-term stability. These benefits are obtained through the selected treatment alternative, according to the diagnosis and clinical characteristics presented in each patient and justifies the decision to perform an early intervention especially in this type of malocclusion. Conclusion The early treatment of the unilateral posterior crossbite should be selected according to the type of dentition and the patient's need, which favors the proper growth and development of the stomatognathic system.

Introducción: Las mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterales (MCPU) constituyen uno de los tipos de maloclusiones más frecuentes encontrados tanto en dentición primaria como en dentición mixta temprana. Debido a su origen multifactorial su tratamiento se encuentra enfocado no solo en la corrección de la maloclusión, sino en obtener una estabilidad oclusal y funcional a largo plazo que disminuya las alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático en edades tempranas. El objetivo de esta serie de casos es presentar dos alternativas de tratamiento oportuno para esta maloclusión. Descripción de los casos: El primer caso es un paciente de 8 años de edad con MCPU izquierda quien recibe tratamiento de expansión palatina controlada con un tornillo tipo Hyrax con férula acrílica, en el cual se obtienen resultados favorables en corto tiempo y con estabilidad a largo plazo. El segundo caso es una paciente de 4 años de edad con MCPU derecha a la cual se le realizan Pistas Directas Planas logrando un cambio postural mandibular deseado. Discusión: En las alternativas de tratamiento presentadas, varios autores han reportado una serie de beneficios obtenidos a partir del tipo de intervención que no solo logran la corrección de la maloclusión, sino que a su vez alcanzan la mejoría de estructuras que componen el complejo craneofacial, dentro de los cuales se destaca la estabilidad a largo plazo deseada. Estos beneficios se obtienen a través de la alternativa de tratamiento seleccionada, según el diagnóstico y las características clínicas presentadas en cada paciente y justifica la decisión de realizar una intervención temprana especialmente en este tipo de maloclusión. Conclusión: El tratamiento temprano de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral debe ser seleccionado según el tipo de dentición y necesidad del paciente, lo que favorece el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático.

The use of fiberotomy in patients with incisor crowding before and after othodontic treatment

In the course of the study, histological preparations of 35 patients aged 16­25 years with incisor crowding who underwent orthodontic treatment with the fixed appliances according to the standard technique, had been analyzed. Three groups of patients had been distinguished: the first one was the reference group, the second one was the group of patients with the fiberotomy conducted before treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, and the third one was the group of patients with the fiberotomy performed after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances according to a standard technique used in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry of Samara State Medical University (SamSMU)