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1.
Infectio ; 19(1): 3-9, ene.-mar. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-742596

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar, en condiciones in vitro , la actividad antibacterial de los extractos de cuerpos grasos y de la hemolinfa de larvas de tercer estadio de Sarconesiopsis magellanica , la cual se comparó con los efectos obtenidos de las mismas sustancias derivadas de Lucilia sericata . S. magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) es una mosca de importancia principalmente forense, utilizada en la determinación del intervalo post mortem . Por sus hábitos necrófagos, es considerada un modelo potencialmente útil en terapia larval. Material y métodos: Se extrajeron los cuerpos grasos de las larvas mediante la técnica de disección corporal y la hemolinfa se obtuvo mediante decapitación y centrifugación de los especímenes larvales. Las bacterias evaluadas fueron Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Los métodos utilizados para evaluar la actividad antibacterial fueron difusión en agar y unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). Resultados: Después de la correspondiente incubación, los resultados generales mostraron que la actividad antibacterial de la hemolinfa y de los cuerpos grasos, tanto de L. sericata como de S. magellanica , fueron efectivos contra S. aureus y P. aeruginosa sin diferencias significativas entre las especies de moscas, aunque con algunas diferencias entre las cepas bacterianas. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que estas sustancias podrían tener un efecto similar en el tratamiento de heridas infectadas contra los microorganismos evaluados.


Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of fat body and hemolymph extracts from Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) third-instar larvae, compared to the effect obtained using the same extracts but derived from Lucilia sericata . S. magellanica blowflies are considered important in forensic sciences due to their usefulness in determining the post mortem interval. This blowfly could be useful in larval therapy due to its necrophagous habits. Materials and methods: Fat body from larvae was removed by dissection, and hemolymph via decapitation and centrifugation of larval specimens. The antibacterial effect was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using two methods: agar diffusion and colony forming units (CFU/mL). Results: Hemolymph and fat body extracts derived from both L. sericata and S. magellanica were effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa , with no significant differences between blowfly species, although with some differences between the bacterial strains. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that S. magellanica and L. sericata fat body and hemolymph extracts might have a similar antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms when used to treat infected wounds.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacteria , In Vitro Techniques , Cross Infection , Diptera , Infections , Larva
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(2): 875-886, Jun. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675474

ABSTRACT

In environments with thermal and pluvial seasonality such as those of the Middle Paraná River floodplain (Province of Santa Fe, Argentina), most amphibian species reproduce during the warm season and drastically diminish their activity during winter. Even though, a few species remain active during the cold season, such as Hypsiboas pulchellus that has its reproductive peak during the autumn-winter period (and the consequent energy demand). The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the feeding and development of fat bodies during the low temperature season for H. pulchellus and Dendropsophus nanus. We analyzed entire gastrointestinal tract contents of both species (H. pulchellus=110 specimens; D. nanus=114 specimens) and applied an index (IRI%) that combines prey abundance, volume and frequency to describe frogs diets; we used fat bodies weights as indicators of stored energy reserves. We compared diet between species with a niche overlap index (Ojk: 0-1) and used null models to ascribe statistical significance to evaluate overlap; and we analyzed variation in empty guts proportions through months and between species. Also, using ANCOVAs we explored differences in fat bodies, number and volume of prey consumed along months, between species and sexes. The most important preys in H. pulchellus diet during the cold season were Araneae (IRI%=34.96), Chironomidae (IRI%=33.08), Tipulidae (IRI%=11.44) and Gryllidae (IRI%=7.31); while for D. nanus, Chironomidae (IRI%=48.14), Tipulidae (IRI%=18.41), Psychodidae (IRI%=7.44) and Araneae (IRI%=7.34). Diet overlap between species was elevated (Ojk=0.78) and higher than expected by chance (mean simulated indices: Ojk=0.04; p[observed≥expected]<0.01; p[observed≤expected]=1). In H. pulchellus there was a monthly variation in number of prey per gut, while in D. nanus there was a difference in fat bodies development between sexes. Fat bodies development, number of prey per gut and preys volume also varied between species. Despite diet similarity between H. pulchellus and D. nanus, each species showed a different strategy to accumulate energy and support their activity during the cold season. The low rate of gastrointestinal emptiness in H. pulchellus (<10% in any analyzed month) together with the poor development of their fat bodies, allows us to point out that, to sustain the breeding elevated energy demands, this species continues with a high feeding rate even at the low temperatures of cold season. On the other hand, the rate of gastrointestinal emptiness of D. nanus was higher than that of H. pulchellus (May=17.24%, July=22.22% and August=35.71%), while their fat bodies were well developed. Thus, D. nanus would depend more on their stored reserves to sustain the energy demands of being active during the low temperatures season and hence would reach the reproductive season in spring-summer in good body condition.


Existe escasa información sobre la alimentación de las especies de anfibios activas durante la estación fría o las estrategias de utilización de reservas lipídicas como fuente de energía durante el periodo de bajas temperaturas. Por lo tanto, se analizaron las estrategias de obtención y acumulación energética durante la estación de bajas temperaturas en un anfibio que se reproduce principalmente en otoño-invierno, Hypsiboas pulchellus (Hp), y uno que lo hace en primavera-verano, Dendropsophus nanus (Dn). Para ello se analizó la alimentación de ambas especies y se utilizó el peso de los cuerpos grasos (CG) como indicador del desarrollo de las reservas energéticas. Si bien se encontró una elevada similitud en la dieta entre las especies, esto no implicó la ausencia de diferencias en las estrategias de obtención energética entre ellas. El bajo índice de vacuidad gastrointestinal de Hp, acompañado de CG poco desarrollados, permite señalar que, para sostener la elevada demanda energética de la actividad reproductiva concentrada en el otoño-invierno, esta especie continúa alimentándose aún en temperaturas bajas. Por otro lado, el índice de vacuidad de Dn fue mayor al de Hp, mientras que sus CG se encontraron bien desarrollados, por lo que esta especie utilizaría en mayor medida sus reservas lipídicas como fuente de energía para transitar el período de bajas temperaturas y llegar en buenas condiciones a la temporada reproductiva en la próxima primavera-verano.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Anura/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Argentina , Anura/classification , Feeding Behavior/classification , Seasons
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