ABSTRACT
Radiation medicine, one of the clinical medicine majors, is mainly engaged with the cultivation of special talents for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, diagnosis and management of radiation occupational diseases, radiation protection, and medical emergency for nuclear accident. By 2022, there have been a total of 9 universities in China where undergraduate talents in radiation medicine are cultivated. Based on the demand for radiation medicine talents and the developmental trend in disciplines in China, this paper analyzes the deficiencies in the discipline status, discipline construction and teaching staff of radiation medicine. It also suggests the construction of a nation-wide organization for the radiation medicine talent training to improve the major status, the establishment of the new medicine development concept in consistency with the developmental trend of interdisciplinary integration, the building of high-quality educational resources of radiation medicine based on internet technology, and the improvement of grassroots teaching institutions, so as to adapt to the development of radiation medicine in the future.
ABSTRACT
Microbial cells cultivation is not only the origin, but also the foundation of microbiology. Researches in microbiology can only be carried out when the microbial cells can be cultured. However, conventional microbial cell cultivation is not only time consuming and labour intensive, but human error is also inevitable. Recent years, automated, modularised microbial cells micro-cultivation systems with small volume, good controllability, and equipped with real-time monitoring system have attracted great attention in microbiology. This review presents the state-of-the-art micro-cultivation systems which are implemented in microbial cells cultivation. The key development, applications of various system classified based on their construction, and the prospects of micro-cultivation system are discussed and insights into them are also provided.
Subject(s)
Humans , BioreactorsABSTRACT
Long-term research in pepper organic production are scarce in Republic of Macedonia. Plant and fruit morphological traits of important pepper varieties organically produced were compared to pepper produced in conventional systems. Conceivably, this is the first morphological traits comparative study of locally important pepper genotypes (Capsicum annuum L.) in Republic of Macedonia in organic and conventional open-field production. The aim of the research is to determine the differences in pepper morphological traits when produced organically in comparison to conventional production. Eight plants and fruits were used for morphological traits determination of plant and fruit in six locally important pepper genotypes (Strumicka Kapija, Strumicka Vezena, Piran, Zupska Rana, Duga Bela and Kurtovska Kapija) grown in an organic and conventional production system. The traits number or branches per plant, fruit width and fruit index were significantly affected by the production manner resulting in less branches per plant, lower fruit width and lower fruit index in organic production. The traits fruit weight, pericarp thickness and fruit flesh percentage, which are the most important for pepper crop yield and utilisation of pepper fruits were not significantly affected by the production practice. Organic production has limited influence on pepper plant and fruit traits, but not in a manner to decrease the production, which generally is the main fear of conversion from conventional to organic production in vegetables. Appropriate selection of pepper varieties with application of suitable cultivation and management practices can contribute to successful organic production resulting in high quality pepper production.
ABSTRACT
Up-to-date, there is no methodical and long-term research on fruit quality and nutritional characteristics of peppers grown in organic production system in Republic of Macedonia. Still, there are debates in broad sense about the advantage of organic vegetable production compared to conventional one in terms of quality characteristics. Led by this idea, this research was conducted with an aim to study vitamin C content and total antioxidant content in fruits of six pepper genotypes as most important fruit quality characteristics and to determine if there are differences in fruit quality properties between those grown in organic and conventional production system. Fruits of six different pepper genotypes Strumicka Kapija, Strumicka Vezena, Piran, Zupska Rana, Duga Bela and Kurtovska Kapija cultivated in organic and conventional production systems were used for determination of vitamin C and total antioxidant content. The extraction of vitamin C and total antioxidants were performed in a plant tissue extractor with orthophosphoric acid and methanol as extracting reagents, respectively. Vitamin C content was determined by HPLC instrument, while total antioxidant content was measured with potentionstat instrument. The genotype Strumicka Kapija was characterized with the highest content of vitamin C in both cultivation systems. In all genotypes under study, except Zupska Rana, the vitamin C content was higher in fruits from organic production as compared to pepper fruits from the conventional system. Generally, the total antioxidant content in pepper fruits from the conventional system was averagely lower than the total antioxidant content measured in pepper fruits from the organic production system. These findings are a prove that production system is very important for the fruit quality characteristic and the organic production of peppers results with production of fruits with higher content of vitamin C and antioxidants compared to conventional ones, therefore organic peppers give more nutrition and health benefits to consumers.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The intercropping is a production system that aims to provide increased yield with less environmental impact, due to greater efficiency in the use of natural resources and inputs involved in the production process. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic viability of kale and New Zealand spinach intercropping as a function of the spinach transplanting time. (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting of the kale). The total yield (TY) and yield per harvest (YH) of the kale in intercropping did not differ from those obtained in monoculture. The spinach TY was influenced by the transplanting time, the earlier the transplanting, the higher the TY. The spinach YH was not influenced by the transplanting time, but rather by the cultivation system. In intercropping, the spinach YH was 13.5% lower than in monoculture. The intercropping was agronomically feasible, since the land use efficiency index, which was not influenced by the transplanting time, had an average value of 1.71, indicating that the intercropping produced 71% more kale and spinach than the same area in monoculture. Competitiveness coefficient, aggressiveness and yield loss values showed that kale is the dominating species and spinach is the dominated.
Subject(s)
Brassica/growth & development , Spinacia oleracea/growth & development , Crop Production/methods , Time Factors , New ZealandABSTRACT
Amparado pelo melhoramento genético e a evolução dos tratos culturais, entre outros aspectos, a cafeicultura no Brasil se expandiu para a região do Cerrado, superando, parcialmente, as limitações de déficit hídrico e a baixa fertilidade natural dos solos desta região. A evolução dos sistemas produtivos tem sido uma constante, visando aumentar os rendimentos sob a ótica da nova ordem de conservação dos recursos naturais. Com esta motivação, surgiu um sistema conservacionista e de manejo intensivo de cultivo de cafeeiros, que foi desenvolvido e vem sendo praticado na região fisiográfica do Alto São Francisco, MG, em propriedades dos municípios de São Roque de Minas, Vargem Bonita e Piumhi, além de outras regiões nos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Esse sistema é caracterizado pela aplicação de altas doses de gesso, cultivo de braquiária na entrelinha, plantio semi-adensando, sulco de plantio profundo, plantio antecipado, variedades de porte baixo, uso de tração animal e controle periódico do estado nutricional das plantas. O sistema de cultivo intensivo destaca-se por ter sido capaz de operacionalizar boas práticas de manejo, permitindo executálas de forma rotineira dentro das atividades requeridas pela cafeicultura. Áreas de Cambissolo e Latossolo com lavouras de cinco e dez anos, respectivamente, sob esse sistema, têm apresentado resultados promissores. O crescimento radicular profundo, superior a dois metros, tem sido uma constante nas lavouras adultas. O bom aspecto visual das lavouras e a produtividade média de 49 sacas por hectare reforçam os bons resultados do sistema. Tecnicamente, o sistema é positivo, economicamente, no entanto, ainda faltam estudos complementares para produtores de diferentes níveis tecnológicos.
Aided by genetic improvement and evolution of the cultural treatments, among other aspects, coffee growing in Brazil has expanded to the area of the Savannah, overcoming the water deficit and low natural soil fertility limitations of this area. The evolution of the productive systems has been a constant, seeking to increase the yields within the perspective of the new order of natural resource conservation. With this motivation, an intensive cultivation system of coffee plants has appeared, that has been developed and is being practiced in the Physiographic Region of the High San Francisco River Valley, MG, on farmland of the municipal districts of São Roque de Minas, Vargem Bonita and Piumhi, besides other areas in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. This system is characterized by the application of high doses of gypsum, brachiaria cultivation in between rows, semi-condensed planting, deep furrow planting, early planting, short stature varieties, use of animal traction and rigorous control of the nutritional state of the plants. The intensive cultivation system stands out by being capable of operationalizing good management practices, allowing to execute them in a routine way within the spectrum of activities required by coffee growing. Good results were verified in Cambisol and Latosol areas with five and ten year-old coffee plants, respectively. The crops showed good visual aspect and the average productivity of the farms is 49 coffee sacks ha-1. The depth root growth, over two meters, has been a constant in the adult plants. The technical approach considers the system positive. An economical approach to the system is needed for producers of different technological levels.
Subject(s)
Crop Production , Soil Treatment , Crops, Agricultural , Coffea , Plant BreedingABSTRACT
The rapid development of stomatology is improving the standard of talent quality and skills gradually,so the innovation of cultivation patterns of the stomatology students is imperative.West China College of Stomatology in Sichuan University is practicing the innovation of cultivation system of stomatological talents by establishing the new teaching and learning plan,adjusting the course system,strengthening the teaching materials construction,and adjusting the evaluation index and so on.The goal of the innovation of cultivation patterns is to foster the stomatological talents which have profound cultural atmosphere,the solid professional knowledge,strong innovative consciousness,and broad international vision.
ABSTRACT
Through the analysis of development of master cultivation system abroad,we can conclude some characteristics and rule,on the base of which we compare and analyze the present problems of two-year-system of master education in our country and bring forward some opinions and countermeasures.