Influence of individualism and collectivism on self-reported health of retired military cadres / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effects of individualism and collectivism on the self-reported health of military retired cadres. Methods The Chinese version of the European quality life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), the individualism-collectivism scale, and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were used to survey 112 retired military cadres from military cadre sanatoria in Shanghai, Suzhou and so on. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results A total of 112 questionnaires were sent out, and 71 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 63.39%. The scores of individualism and collectivism of retired military cadres (n＝71) were lower than those of college students (n＝403), the difference was statistically significant (t＝－4.81 and －7.95, both P＜0.01). Correlation analysis results showed that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, education level, marital status, children's number, residence status and self-reported health status, subjective well-being, individualism and collectivism (all P＞0.05); subjective well-being, individualism and self-reported health were positively correlated (r＝0.44, P＜0.01; r＝0.29, P＜0.05), collectivism and self-reported health were not significantly correlated (r＝0.19, P＞0.05), and individualism and collectivism were positively correlated (r＝0.67, P＜0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the inclusion of individualism and collectivism improved the model interpretation rate (ΔR2＝0.08, F＝3.41, P＜0.05) after controlling subjective well-being. Individualism could predict health status (β＝0.34, P＜0.05), while collectivism could not (β＝－0.09, P＝0.55). Conclusion Individualistic cultural orientation is the main factor that affects the health of retired military cadres, while collectivist cultural orientation has no obvious effect.

Infuence of individualism and collectivism on self-reported health of retired military cadres / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effects of individualism and collectivism on the self-reported health of military retired cadres. Methods: The Chinese version of the European quality life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), the individualism-collectivism scale, and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were used to survey 112 retired military cadres from military cadre sanatoria in Shanghai, Suzhou and so on. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results: A total of 112 questionnaires were sent out, and 71 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 63.39%. The scores of individualism and collectivism of retired military cadres (n = 71) were lower than those of college students (n=403), the difference was statistically significant (t= -4.81 and -7.95, both P0.05); subjective well-being, individualism and self-reported health were positively correlated (r=0.44, P0.05), and individualism and collectivism were positively correlated (r=0.67, P<.0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the inclusion of individualism and collectivism improved the model interpretation rate (ΔR =0.08, F=3.41, P<0.05) after controlling subjective well-being. Individualism could predict health status (β=0.34, P<0.05), while collectivism could not (β= -0.09, P = 0.55). Conclusion: Individualistic cultural orientation is the main factor that affects the health of retired military cadres, while collectivist cultural orientation has no obvious effect.

Sistemas de creencias parentales y orientación cultural en niños y niñas en cuidado transitorio: estudio de caso en una aldea gubernamental en Costa Rica

En este artículo se presentan y discuten los hallazgos del estudio "Caracterización del estilo de crianza de los niños y las niñas en cuidado permanente en una Aldea Gubernamental: sistemas de creencias parentales y orientación cultural" (Durán-Delgado, 2012). La especificidad cultural del parentaje, en un contexto de cuidado en una institución de protección transitoria gubernamental, se analiza desde estudios precedentes sobre particularidad cultural del parentaje en Costa Rica. Se discute cómo el contexto y la cultura tienen una función homogenizante en lo que a trayectorias del desarrollo se refiere. A partir de una aproximación metodológica sensible al contexto y un diseño mixto, se trabajó en una institución de protección transitoria gubernamental. Se aplicaron entrevistas, escalas y observación etnográfica a niños, niñas y cuidadoras. A partir del estudio, se concluye que a pesar de la discontinuidad que el contexto institucional de cuidado ofrece, las trayectorias del desarrollo orientadas a la relacionalidad autónoma, propias de la cultura, son exitosamente estimuladas y concretadas. Las creencias y las prácticas de las cuidadoras muestran evidencia de una particularidad de un contexto institucional de cuidado, así como también no dejan de inscribirse en las trayectorias de la cultura local predominante. El estímulo a formas más autónomas del desarrollo en medio de un contexto de la relacionalidad refleja la necesidad de estimular formas resilientes para esta población en particular.

This paper discusses the findings of the study "Characterization of Parenting Style among Children in a Permanent- Care State-Run Village: Parental Belief Systems and Cultural Orientation" (Duran-Delgado, 2012). The cultural specificity of parenting, in a context of institutional care in a semi -permanent publicly-run establishment is analyzed from the perspective of prior studies on the cultural peculiarities of parenting in Costa Rica. We discuss how the context and the culture have a homogenizing function with regards to trajectories for development. Based on a mixed-design context-sensitive methodological approach, we worked in a publicly-run institution for transitory care. Interviews, scales and ethnographic observation were carried out on the children and their care-takers. Based on the study, we conclude that in spite of the discontinuity offered by the institutional context, developmental trajectories oriented to the autonomous relationships typical of the culture are successfully stimulated and formed. The care-takers' beliefs and practices show evidence of a peculiarity of the institutional context of care, as well as not allowing them to enlist in the trajectories of the predominant local culture. The stimulus towards more autonomous forms of development in the midst of the context of the relationships reflects the need for stimulating more resilient forms for this population in particular.

Verificação de um modelo teórico entre a empatia, socialização ética e orientação cultural em jovens brasileiros

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a associação entre a empatia, a transmissão de valores morais e ética e a orientação cultural em jovens. Teoricamente, sendo a empatia uma disposição funcional das pessoas para as trocas de experiências, afetivas e cognitivas, em relação ao outro, julga-se que este construto é importante para a formação moral e ética do jovem, bem como, para a orientação dos padrões convencionais estabelecidos culturalmente. 427 sujeitos, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, de 12 a 19 anos, de instituições privadas e publicas das cidades de João Pessoa-PB e PatrocínioMG responderam a escala multidimensional de reatividade interpessoal de Davis, questões a respeito da crença nos pais e nos professores quanto ao esforço que cada um tive para transmitir/ensinar valores morais e princípios éticos e a escala dos atributos do tipo de orientação cultural individualista e coletivista. Observou-se que a empatia associou-se positivamente, a socialização ética e orientação coletivistas, mas, em relação à orientação individualista, as duas primeiras variáveis se associaram negativamente. Com isso, aqueles que desenvolvem habilidades empáticas na sua relação interpessoal, tanto contribui para uma transmissão dos valores sociais e morais, bem como, uma orientação a cooperação e manutenção das relações interpessoais.

The present study aims to investigate the association between empathy, transmission of moral and ethical values and cultural orientation in youth. Theoretically, empathy and the functional exchange of experiences layout of people is believed to be important for moral and ethical training of the young, as well as to the orientation of the conventional patterns culturally established. 427 subjects of both genders between the ages of 12- 19 years old of private and public institutions of the city of João Pessoa-PB and Patrocínio-MG answered the multidimensional Davis Interpersonal Reactivity test. This consists on a set of questions about the belief of parents and teachers conveying / teaching moral and ethical principles and scale attributes of individualist and collectivist cultural orientation. It was observed that empathy was positively associated to socialization and ethical collectivist orientation, but in relation to the individualistic orientation, the first two variables were negatively associated. Thus, those who develop empathic abilities in their interpersonal relationships, both contribute to the transmission of social and moral values, as well as to the orientation, cooperation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships.

Uma revisão metodológica e estatística do modelo teórico da orientação cultural e as condutas desviantes: proposta de um modelo parcimonioso / A review of the methodology and statistical model theoretical orientation of cultural and deviant conduct: proposal of a parsimonious model / Una revisión metodológica y estadística del modelo teórico de la orientación cultural y las conductas desviantes: propuesta de un modelo parsimonioso

Na sociedade em geral é possível acompanhar a dinâmica dicotômica sobre a adesão dos jovens quanto à orientação cultural de individualismo e coletivismo; isto não tem problema algum, mas, terá quando as orientações assumidas por eles interferirem na aceitação e manutenção de um padrão de conduta frente às relações interpessoais, podendo levar a delituosidade juvenil. A partir de estudos que avaliaram a relação entre o estilo de orientação cultural e a conduta desviante, o presente estudo tem como objetivo a verificação de um modelo teórico parcimonioso, o qual defende a relação entre orientação cultural coletivista, individualista e a conduta desviante. 231 homens e mulheres, de 13 a 17 anos, responderam as escalas dos atributos de orientação cultural e das condutas desviantes. Através da análise de modelagem estrutural, observou-se que a orientação coletivista associou-se, negativamente, a orientação individualista e estas, respectivamente, se associado, negativa e positivamente, com a conduta desviante.

In society is possible to follow the dichotomous dynamics of the adherence of young regarding the cultural orientation of individualism and collectivism. It has not problem, but it does, when the guidelines adopted by them to interfere in accepting and maintaining a standard of conduct regarding interpersonal relationships, what can lead to youthful delinquency. Taking into account some studies that evaluated the relationship between cultural orientation style and the deviant behavior, the present study aims at verifying a parsimonious theoretical model, which supports the relationship between collectivistic cultural orientation, individualistic cultural orientation and deviant behavior. 231 men and women from 13 to 17 years old answered the scales of the attributes of cultural orientation and deviant behaviors. By the analysis of structural modeling, it was observed that the collectivist orientation was associated negatively to individualistic orientation and these, respectively, was associated negatively and positively with deviant behavior.

En la sociedad en general es posible acompañar la dinámica dicotómica sobre la adhesión de los jóvenes en lo que respecta a la orientación cultural desde el individualismo y el colectivismo; Aunque esto no representa un problema por sí solo, si lo representará cuando las orientaciones asumidas por los jóvenes interfirieren en la aceptación y mantenimiento de un estándar de conducta ante las relaciones interpersonales, lo que pudiera llevar a la delincuencia juvenil. A partir de estudios previos que evaluaron la relación entre el estilo de la orientación cultural y la conducta desviada, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la verificación de un modelo teórico parsimonioso, el cual defiende la relación entre orientación cultural colectivista, individualista y la conducta desviada. 231 hombres y mujeres, de 13 a 17 años, respondieron a las escalas de los atributos de orientación cultural y de las conductas desviadas. A través del análisis de modelación estructural, se observó que la orientación colectivista se asoció en forma negativa, la orientación individualista y estas, respectivamente, se asociaron, negativa y positivamente, con la conducta desviada.

Teste empírico de um modelo teórico sobre o estilo da orientação cultural e condutas desviantes em jovens de diferentes contextos socioescolares / Empirical testing of a theoretical model about the style of cultural orientation and deviant conduct of young people in different social and school contexts

Estudos já realizados defenderam que a orientação cultural social se relaciona positivamente com a conduta desviante. Por outro lado, a orientação individual tem relação positiva com tais condutas. Neste estudo, pretende-se testar um modelo teórico entre estilo de orientação cultural e conduta desviante de jovens em diferentes contextos socioescolares, proposta sugerida, mas ainda não efetivada. Duas amostras de jovens entre 14 a 21 anos, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, responderam as escalas dos atributos de individualismo e coletivismo e das condutas desviantes. No programa AMOS GRAFICS 18.0, comprovou-se que, independente do contexto sócio-escolar, as orientações individualistas explicaram, positivamente, as condutas desviantes; e as orientações coletivistas explicaram negativamente tais condutas.

Existing studies have argued that the socio-cultural orientation is positively related to deviant behavior, on the other hand, individual orientation has a positive relation with such conducts. This study aims to test a theoretical model about the style of cultural orientation of deviant behavior in young people in different social and school environments. Such proposal was suggested, but not yet fulfilled. Two groups of youths, ranging between 14 and 21 years old, both male and female, were sampled and answered the scale of the attributes of individualism and collectivism and deviant conduct. In the AMOS GRAFICS 18.0 computer program it was shown that, regardless of social and school context, the individualistic orientations explained the deviant behaviors in a positive way; and collectivist orientations explained the same behaviors negatively.

Estilo da orientação cultural e condutas desviantes: testagem de um modelo teórico / Style of cultural orientation and deviant conduct: testing of a theoretical model

O problema dos comportamentos desviantes entre jovens tem sido motivo de reflexão por especialistas das diversas áreas das ciências humanas e sociais. Das muitas explicações sobre esse fenômeno, a que se refere às mudanças culturais que vêm ocorrendo no mundo, apreendendo uma dinâmica individualista ao invés da valorização do coletivo, tem merecido destaque. Sendo assim, as consideradas síndromes culturais, referidas aos compartilhamento de atitudes, crenças, normas, papéis sociais e definições do eu, que orientam as pessoas a determinado tipo de comportamento, seriam mais uma variável que contribuiria para o quebra-cabeça das condutas juvenis, especificamente as que permeiam a delinquência. 540 jovens entre 14 e 21 anos responderam aos atributos de individualismo e coletivismo e condutas antissociais e delitivas. A partir do programa AMOS GRAFICS 7.0, os principais resultados indicaram que as orientações individualistas explicam, positivamente, as condutas desviantes; enquanto as orientações coletivistas explicam negativamente tais condutas.

The problem of deviant behaviors among young people has been discussed by experts in various areas of human and social science. Of the many explanations for this phenomenon, the one which focus on the cultural changes taking place in the world, adopting an individualistic approach instead of a collective one, deserves more attention. According to this view, the so called cultural syndromes, which relate to the sharing of attitudes, beliefs, norms, social roles and definitions of the self, which motivate people to certain type of behavior, would be a variable that contribute to the puzzle of young conducts, specifically those that lead to crime. A survey with 540 young people, between 14 and 21 years old, was applied with questions on the attributes of individualism, collectivism, and antissocial, criminal conducts. Based on the program AMOS GRAFICS 7.0, the main findings suggest that individualistic orientations may explain, positively, deviant conducts; while collective orientations might be negatively accounted for those conducts.