ABSTRACT
Introducción: la calidad educativa en las IES (Instituciones de Educación Superior) ha sido avalada por procesos de evaluación y acreditación a nivel institucional y curricular, llevando a cabo un proceso de mejora continua, mediante recomendaciones sugeridas por los evaluadores, lo anterior garantizará la calidad institucional ante la formación de futuros profesionales. Objetivo: analizar las experiencias del profesorado de la carrera de enfermería de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, sobre el cambio curricular vivido. Material y métodos: estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico, mediante entrevista a profundidad a doce profesores de enfermería. Muestreo por conveniencia de acuerdo a la saturación de datos. En aspectos éticos y legales, se realizó carta de consentimiento informado. El análisis de datos fue basado en Miles y Huberman, con abordaje teórico según Van Manen. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: 1. Sentimientos y afectaciones emocionales respecto al cambio curricular y laborales; 2. impacto del cambio curricular en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes, las cuales evidenciaron cómo el profesorado ha vivido los cambios curriculares en los 17 años desde que fue implementada la licenciatura. Conclusiones: los informantes narraron que en cada cambio curricular surgen emociones diferentes, entre incertidumbre, compromiso, responsabilidad y asumir empoderamiento para implementar la curricula, con ello, lograr los objetivos esperados por la misma, considerando perfil de egreso y rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
Introduction: the educational quality at the higher level in schools and faculties has been endorsed by evaluation and accreditation processes at the institutional and curricular level, carrying out an improvement process, through the recommendations suggested by the evaluators, thus covering them in a certain time. The foregoing will guarantee the institutional quality before the training of future professionals. Objective: to analyze experiences of the teaching staff of the nursing career of the Iztacala Faculty of Higher Studies, on the curricular change experienced. Material and methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, through an in-depth interview with twelve nursing professors. Convenience sampling according to data saturation. In ethical and legal aspects, an informed consent letter was drawn up. The data analysis was through Miles and Huberman, with a theoretical approach based on Van Manen. Results: two categories emerged: 1. Feelings and emotional affectations regarding the curricular and work change; 2. impact of curricular change on student learning, which showed how teachers have experienced curricular changes in the 17 years since the degree was implemented. Conclusions: the informants narrated that in each curricular change different emotions arise, between uncertainty, commitment, responsibility and assuming empowerment to implement the curriculum, thereby achieving the objectives expected by it, considering the graduation profile and the academic performance of the students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Teaching , Education, Nursing , Organizational Innovation , Life Change EventsABSTRACT
En vista de la transformación que se está produciendo en la educación universitaria en general y en la educación para profesionales de la salud en particular, el Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano plantea un cambio curricular para la carrera de Medicina. Esto implica, una forma de cambio sociocultural profunda, que afecta los distintos aspectos de la vida institucional. Se propone dejar atrás, el "sistema flexneriano" de enseñanza, proponiendo el sistema Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), sumado a talleres y laboratorios donde el conocimiento y las habilidades se irán adquiriendo con diferente grado de complejidad en forma espiralada. El Laboratorio de Práctica Profesional (LPP) es el espacio y el ambiente educacional donde ocurre la máxima integración, trabajando sobre todos los conocimientos necesarios para llevar adelante la actividad profesional correspondiente. En el primer módulo, el enfoque fue guiado, fundamentalmente, hacia lo comunicacional persiguiendo como objetivo que el alumno desarrolle habilidades que le permitan establecer una adecuada relación médico-paciente-familia, así como vínculos adecuados con el equipo de trabajo y la comunidad . Se evaluó el taller en sí mismo y a los tutores mediante encuestas a los estudiantes, y estos últimos a su vez fueron evaluados periódicamente por los tutores y al final del módulo con un examen escrito y un examen tipo evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada. Por lo trabajado creemos que el LPP, como estrategia de enseñanza, contribuye a la formación de habilidades complejas; el resultado de las evaluaciones y el feedback rsultan indispensables para establecer un plan de mejoras. (AU)
In view of the transformation that is taking place in university education in general and in education for health professionals in particular, it is that the University Institute of the Italian Hospital proposes a curricular change for the Medicine career. This implies a socio-cultural change that affects the different aspects of institutional life. It is proposed to leave behind the "Flexnerian system", proposing a system based on: Problem Based Learning, in addition to workshops and laboratories where knowledge and skills will be acquired with a different degree of complexity in spiral form. The Professional Practice Laboratory is the space and educational environment where maximum integration occurs, working on all the necessary knowledge to carry out the corresponding professional activity. In the first module the focus was guided, fundamentally, to the communicational pursuing as objective: that the student develops skills that allow him to establish an adequate doctor-patient-family relationship, as well as adequate links, with the work team and the community. The evaluation was carried out to workshop itself and to the tutors through students' quiz. The students were periodically evaluated by the tutors and at the end of the module with a written exam and a structured Objective Clinical Evaluation type test. For what we have worked to this moment, we believe that: The laboratory of professional practice, as a teaching strategy, contributes to the formation of complex skills; being the result of the evaluations and the feedback, fundamental to establish an improvement plan. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Competency-Based Education/methods , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Medical/methods , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Physician-Patient Relations , Teaching/education , Universities/trends , Mentors/education , Cultural Characteristics , Educational Measurement/methods , Professional Training , Social Skills , Formative Feedback , Teacher Training/trends , Hospitals, University/trendsABSTRACT
El presente artículo es una descripción de un importante hito en la historia del desarrollo académico de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón (FM-UMSS). Relata un proceso inicial de preparación de condiciones para un cambio curricular que incluye la capacitación del personal docente en una maestría en Educación, información sobre la estructura del denominado Curriculum y los principios que lo sustentan, finalmente, se hacen una breve referencia a las causas que determinaron su anulación luego de dos años de implementación.
This article is a description of an important milestone in the history of academic development of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of San Simón (FM-UMSS). Recounts an initial process of preparing conditions for curricular change that includes training of teachers in a masters in Education, information on the structure of so-called curriculum and the principles that underpin finally a brief reference to the causes that are made determined its cancellation after two years of implementation.
Subject(s)
CurriculumABSTRACT
O estudo tem como objetivo discutir as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas escolas médicas para implementação de mudanças curriculares no contexto do Programa de Incentivo a Mudanças Curriculares nas Escolas de Medicina - PROMED. Foram realizados entrevistas com dirigentes dos cursos de medicina e com gestores locais do SUS, além de grupos focais com alunos e professores. Os principais fatores dificultadores observados dizem respeito aos docentes, estudantes, instituição de ensino, serviços/gestão do SUS e às condições expressas no Edital PROMED. Em relação aos docentes, observou-se resistência às mudanças propostas, capacitação pedagógica insuficiente e desconhecimento do Projeto Pedagógico de sua instituição. Entre os estudantes, os principais entraves relacionam-se à prática em cenários da Atenção Primária e restrições à formação de médicos com perfil generalista. A inadequação das condições das Unidades Básicas de Saúde como cenário de ensino foi a principal dificuldade relativa aos serviços/gestão. O estudo mostra a diversidade e complexidade dos obstáculos enfrentados pelas escolas médicas para implementar seus projetos de mudança curricular, sendo necessário esforço conjunto de atores e instituições envolvidos para a efetivação das propostas de mudança.
This study aims to discuss the difficulties faced by medical schools in the implementation of curricular changes, within the context of the Incentive Program for Curricular Changes for Medical Schools - PROMED. Interviews were conducted with heads of medicine courses and local SUS managers, as well as focus groups with students and teachers. The main limiting factors are related to teachers, students, educational institutions, SUS services/management and the conditions established in the PROMED Rules. Regarding the teachers, there was resistance to the proposed changes, insufficient teacher training and lack of knowledge about the Pedagogical Project of their own institution. Among students, the main barriers were related to practice in Primary Health Care settings and to restrictions regarding the training of physicians of a generalist profile. The conditions inadequacy of the Basic Health Units, as a teaching scenario, was the main difficulty related to services/management. The study shows the diversity and complexity of the obstacles faced by medical schools in implementing their projects for curricular change. This requires joint efforts of actors and institutions involved in the realization of the proposed change.
ABSTRACT
Analisa-se o primeiro ano de implantação do novo Projeto Pedagógico do curso de Fonoaudiologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). O objetivo foi analisar não só as mudanças de concepção e práticas pedagógicas, mas a construção de um trabalho coletivo do corpo social do curso. Os resultados apontaram que as novas modalidades pedagógicas (seminários, tutoria, oficinas, vivências formadoras) foram dispositivos importantes para se alcançar as mudanças propostas no novo modelo curricular. Entre outros avanços, destacaram-se: maior integração das disciplinas básicas com as atividades de caráter profissionalizante; melhor compreensão do estudante sobre a importância de uma formação pautada nas necessidades da população; maior articulação entre atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão; interação entre estudantes dos vários níveis de formação nas ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos; planejamento de atividades pedagógicas complementares em função das necessidades dos estudantes detectadas nas avaliações formativas.
The first year of implementation of the new pedagogical project for the Speech Therapy course at the Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) is analyzed. The aim was not only to analyze the changes in pedagogical concepts and practices, but also to construct collective work by the social body of the course. The results indicated that the new pedagogical activities (seminars, tutorials, workshops and instructive experiences) were important tools for achieving the proposed changes in the new curricular model. Highlighted among other advances were: greater integration between basic disciplines and professionalizing activities; better comprehension by students of the importance of training based on the population's needs; greater linkage between teaching, research and extension activities; interaction among students at various levels of training, regarding health promotion and disease prevention actions; planning of supplementary pedagogical activities according to students needs detected in educational assessments.
Este artículo contempla la análisis del primer año de implantación del nuevo Proyecto Pedagógico del Curso de Fonoaudiología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de São Paulo, Brasil (PUC-SP). El objetivo ha sido el de analizar no sólo los cambios de concepción y prácticas pedagógicas sino también la construcción de un trabajo colectivo del cuerpo social del curso. Los resultados mostraron que las nuevas modalidades pedagógicas han sido dispositivos importantes para alcanzar los cambios propuestos en el nuevo modelo curricular. Entre otros avances se destacan una mayor integración de las disciplinas básicas con las actividades de caracter profesionalizante, mejor comprensión del estudiante sobre la importancia de una formación pautada en las necesidades de la población y mayor articulación entre actividades de enseñanza, investigación y extensión.
Subject(s)
Humans , Curriculum/trends , Speech Therapy/educationABSTRACT
En este artículo se hace un análisis de la renovación curricular en el programa de medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, especialmente entre los años 2000 y 2005, cuyo propósito se enfocaba en pasar de una concepción tradicional y tecnológica del currículo a una tendencia integracionista, centrada en el estudiante, flexible, enfocada en los procesos cognitivos y en lograr la formación de un médico capaz de darles respuesta a las necesidades sociales locales y globales. Se analizan la implementación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y de otras estrategias didácticas, el rol del tutor y el debate interno sobre las competencias. El plan de estudios se organizó por áreas problemáticas, mientras que el anterior estaba estructurado a partir de las disciplinas. El programa incluyó nuevos saberes, entre ellos la informática médica, el análisis de la sexualidad humana, la comunicación y fases del ciclo vital no contempladas antes, como la adolescencia y la vejez. Las disciplinas orientadas a la salud y la sociedad se plantearon en forma longitudinal y se consideraron la promoción de la salud, la prevención y atención de la enfermedad, y la rehabilitación como ejes transcurriculares. Sin embargo, continúa el predominio de la mentalidad fragmentadora que separa las disciplinas, falta incrementar los campos de práctica por fuera del ámbito hospitalario, la evaluación es uno de los aspectos críticos y está pendiente la adecuación administrativa. Avanza la gestión curricular como algo que debe ser permanente con la participación amplia de profesores y estudiantes.
In the article, an analysis is made of curricular renovation in the medical program at Universidad de Antioquia, in Medellín, Colombia, especially between 2000 and 2005; its purpose focused on moving from a traditional and technological concept of the curriculum to an integration is tendency,centered on the student, flexible, focused on the cognitive processes and on achieving the training of a physician capable of answering to social, local and global needs. The implementation of Problem Based Learning is analyzed as well as other didactic strategies, the role of the tutor and internal debate on competences. The study plan was organized around problematic areas, while the previous plan was structured starting from disciplines. The program included new areas of knowledge, among them medical information technology, analysis of human sexuality, communication and phases of the vital cycle not previously contemplated, such as adolescence and old age. Disciplines oriented to health and society were posed in a longitudinal manner and health promotion, disease prevention and attention, and rehabilitation were considered