THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERSECURITY: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN THE FACE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRANSNATIONAL CYBER ATTACKS

This research article aims to examine the impact of emerging technologies on cybersecurity and evaluate the effectiveness of legal frameworks in addressing transnational cyber-attacks. With the rapid advancement of technology, cyber threats have become more sophisticated and interconnected, requiring robust legal measures to combat them. With the emergence of new technologies, the threat landscape for cyber security has also evolved. The continuous development of new technologies like (A.I) artificial intelligence, (I.O.T) Internet of Things & cloud computing has led to a rapid increase in cyber-attacks and has made it even more challenging for organizations to protect their assets. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative aspect involves an analysis of existing literature, case studies, and legal frameworks, while the quantitative component includes surveys and interviews with cybersecurity professionals and legal experts. By integrating these methods, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of current legal measures in mitigating transnational cyber-attacks and propose strategies to enhance cybersecurity in the face of emerging technologies.

Adaptación transcultural del Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) para jóvenes mexicanos

Introducción: La violencia digital en las relaciones de pareja es un problema de salud pública que requiere de evaluaciones válidas y confiables. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue adaptar transculturalmente y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) para jóvenes mexicanos. Método: Participaron 1158 jóvenes de 18 a 24 años, 62.9 % fueron mujeres. En la fase de verificación de la equivalencia lingüística, se adecuaron cuatro palabras de la versión original en castellano. Resultados: Se encontraron índices de ajuste aceptables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, además se encontró validez convergente y discriminante de los factores, excepto entre los factores de victimización y perpetración de Agresión Directa. Se encontró evidencia de validez divergente con la calidad de vida y convergente con comportamientos de riesgo. La fiabilidad total fue superior a .87. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el CDAQ puede ser un cuestionario útil para evaluar el abuso digital en las relaciones de pareja en jóvenes mexicanos.

Introduction: Cyber dating abuse is a public health problem that requires valid and reliable evaluations. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) for Mexican youth. Method: 1158 young students from 18 to 24 years old participated, 62.9 % were women. In the verification of the linguistic equivalence phase, four words from the original version in Spanish were adapted. Results: Acceptable fit indices were found in the confirmatory factor analysis, in addition, convergent and discriminant validity of the factors was found, except between the factors of victimization and perpetration of Direct Aggression. Evidence of divergent validity was found with quality of life and convergence with risk behaviors. Total reliability was greater than .87. Conclusions: The findings suggest that CDAQ could be a useful questionnaire to assess cyber dating abuse among young Mexicans.

Netiquette, implication of online emotional content and empathy in adolescents according to gender / Netiqueta, implicación del contenido emocional en línea y empatía en adolescentes según el género

Abstract: Introduction: Education in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal for helping prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Method: Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships between netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy in adolescents according to gender. 774 adolescents (55.4% girls) enrolled in 13 Spanish educational centres participated (M = 13.82 and SD = 1345). Results: Results show that girls achieve higher scores in netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy. E-emotional expression in girls and the facilitating use of e-emotions in boys are exclusionary factors of netiquette; however, the understanding and management of e-emotions for both genders, as well as cognitive empathy in boys, are promoter factors. Conclusions: It would be advisable to educate young people in netiquette, where the moderate use of emotional expression online can be an effective strategy to promote it.

Resumen Introducción: Educar en la netiqueta (normas sociales que promueven la ciberconvivencia) se ha convertido en una propuesta alternativa para ayudar a prevenir las expresiones de discriminación y violencia online. En concreto, la empatía y el contenido emocional online son claves en los comportamientos antisociales. Método: Nuestro objetivo es, por tanto, analizar de forma diferencial las relaciones entre la netiqueta, el contenido emocional online y la empatía en adolescentes según el género. Participaron 774 adolescentes (55,4% chicas) matriculados en 13 centros educativos españoles (M = 13,82 y SD = 1345). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las chicas alcanzan mayores puntuaciones en netiqueta, contenido emocional online y empatía. Además, la expresión e-emocional en las chicas y la facilitación del uso de las e-emociones en los chicos son factores amortiguadores de la netiqueta; sin embargo, la compresión y regulación de las e-emociones para ambos géneros, así como la empatía cognitiva en los chicos, son factores promotores. Conclusiones: Sería recomendable educar a los jóvenes en la netiqueta donde el uso moderado de la manifestación emocional en la red puede ser una estrategia eficaz para promoverla.

Literatura en Internet: del algoritmo a la poesía / Literature on the Internet: from algorithm to poetry

El encuentro de la literatura con el internet tuvo como resultado la creación de la ciberliteratura. Esta aparición trajo grandes novedades al mundo del libro, no solo porque amplió su elaboración, producción y alcance, sino porque también permitió la creación de plataformas digitales de lectura y escritura. Entre las páginas, la más destacada y representativa es Wattpad, una web con 94 millones de usuarios y cuna de los actuales best-sellers del mundo editorial. El presente artículo explora este fenómeno, permitiendo al lector un breve acercamiento al vasto y novedoso mundo de las plataformas literarias, incluyendo un relato breve de la autora sobre un tema especialmente sensible

When literature meets the Internet, it results in the creation of cyber-literature. This brings great novelties, not only because it expands the elaboration, production and scope of literature, but also because it allows the creation of digital platforms for reading and writing. Among the pages, the most representative is Wattpad, a website with 94 million users and the cradle of today's best sellers. This article explores this phenomenon, allowing the reader a brief glimpse into the vast new world of literary platforms, including a short story by the author on a particularly sensitive topic

CYBER AUTONOMY AND IT'S ROLE IN INDIA'S CYBER SECURITY

The globe has entered the era of hybrid wars and to be on the winning side, securing and protecting data remains a high priority for every nation. As hackers continue to explore and exploit, safeguarding systems and networks become even more dif?cult. Due to the pervasive deployment of cyber-physical systems and IOT devices, the need to defend the number and complexity of the systems increases rapidly. This is where cyber autonomy comes to our rescue. Cyber autonomy can help a system to identify attacks, patch vulnerabilities and if required, counterattack without the help of an IT specialist. Taking a cue from above, this paper aims to suggest multiple prospects cyber autonomy can bring to India's cyber security framework and its potential consequences, as digital India remains the aim of every Indian

Telemedicina: desafíos para Chile a la luz de la experiencia de Estados Unidos durante la pandemia / Telemedicine: expected challenges in Chile based on the experience in the United States during the pandemic

Telemedicine has had a significant role during the outbreak of COVID-19. The experience in the United States has shown advantages and some challenges that need to be addressed to include telemedicine as an established part of the health system. This article aims to determine the United States' main challenges, associating them with the Chilean reality. In this study, we classify the barriers and difficulties for telemedicine into three areas: accessibility, cyber security, and medical liability.We argue that Chile will have to deal with similar obstacles to include telemedicine as a regular health service for the entire population.

Test Case Generation to Medical Cyber-Physical Systems: A Scoping Review / Geração de Casos de Teste para Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos: Uma Revisão de Escopo / Generación de Casos de Prueba para Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos: Una Revisión de Alcance

Objective: This article presents a Scoping Review (ScR) identify the approaches to automatically generate test cases from Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) models, more specifically, Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) models. Method: ScR was performed by identifying indexed articles in five electronic databases using a specific search string and selection criteria, defined in a review protocol. Results: When protocol was executed, 467 studies were returned, from which 12 were summarized. Several formal and semi-formal notations used in CPS modeling were identified, as well as tools for generating test cases for such systems. Furthermore, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding automatic test case generation for such systems models. Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude there is a research gap with regard to tools for the fully automatic test case generation in MCPS.

Objetivo: Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão de Escopo (RE) para identificar as abordagens para gerar automaticamente casos de testes a partir de modelos de Sistemas Físico-Cibernéticos (SFC), mais especificamente, Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos (SMFC). Método: A RE foi realizada pela identificação de trabalhos indexados em cinco bases eletrônicas de dados usando termos de busca e critérios de inclusão, definidos em um protocolo de revisão. Resultados: Ao executar o protocolo foram retornados 467 estudos, dos quais sumarizaram-se 12. Foram identificadas várias notações formais e semi-formais usadas na modelagem de SFC, bem como ferramentas para gerar casos de teste para esses sistemas. Além disso, foi apresentada uma visão geral do estado da arte em relação à geração automática de casos de teste para esses modelos de sistemas. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que ainda há uma lacuna de pesquisa no que diz respeito às ferramentas para a geração totalmente automática de casos de teste para SMFC.

Objectivo: En este artículo se presenta una Revisión de Alcance (RA) para identificar los enfoques para generar automáticamente casos de prueba a partir de modelos de Sistemas Físico-Cibernéticos (SFC), más específicamente, Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos (SMFC). Método: La RA se realizó mediante la identificación de artículos indexados en cinco bases de datos electrónicas utilizando términos de búsqueda y criterios de selección, definidos en un protocolo de revisión. Resultados: Al ejecutar el protocolo se devolvieron 467 estudios, de los cuales se resumieron 12. Se han identificado varias notaciones formales y semiformales utilizadas en el modelado de SFC y SMFC, así como herramientas para generar casos de prueba para estos sistemas. Además, se presentó una descripción general del estado del arte en relación a la generación automática de casos de prueba para estos modelos de sistema. Conclusión: Con base a los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que hay una brecha de investigación con respecto a las herramientas para la generación de casos de prueba totalmente automática en MCPS.

Report: Medical Education Cyber Symposium / 医学教育

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has significantly impacted medical education and the need to respond to rapidly changing and uncertain situation. In addition, with the decision to hold this year’s annual meeting, it was deemed necessary to have a forum for information sharing and discussion. Therefore, a special committee was formed to organize a cyber-symposium on medical education, and four symposia were held every two weeks, starting May 2020, under the themes of ‘Future Clinical Clerkship’, ‘Examinations’, ‘Post-graduate Education’ and ‘Medical Education with Corona’. This paper reports these symposia and provides an overview and future considerations.

Desafíos nacionales frente a la ciberseguridad en el escenario global: un análisis para Colombia / National Challenges for Cybersecurity on a Global Level: an Analysis for Colombia / Desafios nacionais da cibersegurança no cenário global: uma análise para a Colômbia

Resumen En este artículo se aborda el tema de la seguridad de la información frente a amenazas cibernéticas en un contexto global, haciendo una revisión de la situación actual en Colombia. Mediante una investigación cualitativa, teórica, documental y descriptiva, se hace un recorrido histórico sobre la ciberseguridad (ciberguerra, ciberdefensa, delitos informáticos), particularmente en el componente de seguridad de la información, y se trabajan diversos aspectos al respecto (contextos, análisis de riesgos, sistemas de gestión y estándares de calidad) mientras se muestran los riesgos para las empresas, la sociedad y los países, evidenciados con la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19). Para el caso colombiano se revisaron datos sobre las acciones gubernamentales ante estas amenazas y se indagó sobre sus políticas de seguridad informática y estándares de calidad. Al final del artículo se muestran los retos que tiene Colombia frente a las amenazas cibernéticas, en cuanto a la seguridad de la información.

Abstract This article covers the topic of information security in light of cybersecurity threats in a global context, reviewing the current situation in Colombia. A historical walk-through on cybersecurity was performed through qualitative, theoretical, documentary and descriptive research (cyberwar, cyberdefense, computer crime), particularly in the component of information security. In addition, various aspects in that regard were worked on (contexts, risk analyses, management systems and quality standards), while risks to businesses, society and countries are shown, demonstrated with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the case of Colombia, data on government action in light of these threats were reviewed and its information security policies and quality standards were researched. Colombia's challenges from cybersecurity threats, in terms of information security, are shown at the end of the article.

Resumo Este artigo aborda o tema da segurança da informação contra ameaças cibernéticas em um contexto global, fazendo uma revisão da situação atual na Colômbia. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, teórica, documental e descritiva, faz-se um percurso histórico sobre a cibersegurança (ciberguerra, ciberdefesa, crimes informáticos), particularmente no componente de segurança da informação, e trabalham-se vários aspectos a este respeito (contextos, análise de riscos, sistemas de gestão e padrões de qualidade), enquanto mostram-se os riscos para as empresas, a sociedade e os países, evidenciados pela pandemia de coronavirus (COVID-19). No caso colombiano, foram revisados dados sobre as ações do governo diante dessas ameaças e foi feita uma pesquisa sobre as políticas de segurança informática e padrões de qualidade. Os desafios que a Colômbia enfrenta diante das ameaças cibernéticas, em termos de segurança da informação, são mostrados ao final deste artigo.

Psicoterapia de pareja ante el descubrimiento del involucramiento del varón en actividades sexuales por Internet / Couple Psychotherapy in front of the discovery of male involvement in sexual activities on the Internet

Resumen El desarrollo tecnológico de Internet ha facilitado la conectividad entre personas con motivaciones muy diversas. Una de ellas, es acceder a contenidos sexuales y conectarse con otros que comparten este interés. El uso de internet con fines sexuales incluye una amplia gama de comportamientos, algunos de los cuales pueden generar una crisis en una relación de pareja estable y comprometida, al ser significados como una infidelidad. Las características propias del medio y de los usuarios de internet con fines sexuales, desafía a los terapeutas a adquirir nuevas herramientas psicoterapéuticas para ayudar a las parejas en conflicto. El artículo tiene por objetivo a) dar a conocer los principales conceptos vinculados al uso de internet con fines sexuales (b) describir las características del cyber affair y comportamientos significados como infidelidad (c) establecer lineamientos psicoterapéuticos para el tratamiento de este tipo de casos.

Abstract The technological development of the Internet has facilitated the connectivity between people with very diverse motivations. One is accessing sexual content and connecting with others who share this interest. The use of the Internet for sexual purposes includes a wide range of behaviors, some of which can generate a crisis in a stable and committed couple relationship, being signified as an infidelity. The characteristics of the media and Internet users for sexual purposes, challenges therapists to acquire new psychotherapeutic tools to help couples in conflict. The article aims to a) to disclose the main concepts related to the use of the Internet for sexual purposes (b) to describe the characteristics of the cyber affair and behaviors signified as infidelity (c) to establish psychotherapeutic guidelines for the treatment of this type of cases.

Knowledge, attitude and practice study on awareness and preventing cyber threats among the electronic devices used by the doctors of government medical college Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Now a days the whole World is submerged with digital electronics devices round the clock for all utilities. Even the doctor community also is not spared by these digital gadgets. Almost every doctor in India is permanently having and operating a smart phone and laptops or desktops plus vide computer applications.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 doctors across 7 departments of Government Medical College, Vellore. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation was used for quantitative data and Pearson chi square test and logistic regression was used for qualitative data using trial version of SPSS 22.Results: The mean score was 11.2±2.8 with mean scoring percentile of 38.8±6.5. There was Pearsons Chi square significance for Variables like exposure to external resources and, Books related to cyber security, age less than 34 years and average spending time with electronic devices >2.5 hours per day, designation MD versus MBBS, gender difference.Conclusions: On running logistic regression the multivariate analysis for study variables with statistical significance was seen for four variables- exposure to external resources, and books related to cyber security, age <34 years, average spending time with electronic devices >2.5 hours per day. Designation and gender variables lost their significance on logistic regression analysis.

Abuso online en el noviazgo y su relación con el abuso del móvil, la aceptación de la violencia y los mitos sobre el amor / Cyber dating abuse and its association with mobile abuse, acceptance of violence and myths of love

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la prevalencia y las diferencias en la frecuencia y cronicidad del abuso online en el noviazgo de acuerdo con distintas variables sociodemográficas. Además, se analiza su relación con los mitos del amor romántico, el abuso del móvil y la aceptación de la violencia. Usando una muestra de 1657 estudiantes universitarios, los resultados revelaron que el 43.3% de los encuestados fueron perpetradores y el 42% víctimas de al menos un comportamiento de abuso online en el noviazgo durante los últimos doce meses. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el abuso online de acuerdo con el sexo, la edad, la orientación sexual, ingresos medios anuales familiares y el nivel educativo de los padres. Final mente, los resultados revelaron una relación significativa entre el abuso online en el noviazgo con el abuso del móvil, los mitos del amor romántico, y la aceptación de la violencia.

Abstract The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence, and the differences in the fre quency and chronicity of cyber dating abuse according to different sociodemographic variables. Additionally, the relationship of cyber dating abuse with the myths of romantic love, mobile abuse and acceptance of violence was analyzed. Using a sample of 1,657 university students, the results revealed that 43.3% of the respondents were perpetrators and 42% were victims of at least one behavior of dating online abuse during the last 12 months. Significant differences were found in cyber dating abuse according to sex, age, sexual orientation, family income and parent's educational level. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between cy ber dating abuse, mobile abuse, the myths of romantic love, and the acceptance of violence.

The Effectiveness of Cybertherapy for the Introvert And Extrovert Personality Traits

@#Introduction: The cyberspace creates an infrastructure to build relationships, so the counseling practitioners has taken the initiative to maximize their services. An alternative service helps through this virtual interaction is created and practised. This virtual counselling service is known as cyber-counselling. So, there is a need to see the effectiveness of this cybertherapy service based on personality traits. The objectives of this study are to see the relationships or differences between personality trait in cyber-counselling approach. Methods: This quasi-experimental research applied the Non-Equivalent Pre & Post Test design. 60 research subjects are identifed and divided into the two groups the Face-to-Face approach and Cyber-counselling approach. Junior Eyneseck Personality Inventory was used to determined their personality traits and Client Satisfaction Inventory to determine the effectiveness of the therapy. Results: Pearson Chi-Square test shows that client satisfaction has no relationship on personality traits towards cybertherapy approach. Conclusion: Since the findings of this study are not in line with past literatures, some assumptions can be made regarding the findings of this study. Firstly, the distribution of the subjects based on personality traits can not be done in view of the ‘walk-in’ elements practiced in this study. Secondly, since the subjects are within the age of 13 to 17 years, the likelihood of the formation and development of their personality traits has yet to mature or steady, while the previous studies conducted on the study of adults

The auxiliary setup value of fiducial marker tracking with spine during Cyber-knife radiosurgery / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of an auxiliary set-up method with fiducial markers and Synchrony tracking implanted in spine during Cyber-knife stereotactic radiotherapy by comparing the rotational setup errors between auxiliary setup with less than and more than three fiducial markers.Methods A total of 145 cases of tumor patients with fiducial tracking and Synchrony tracking were selected for radiotherapy,including 94 cases in the observation group (＜3 fiducial markers) and 51 cases in the control group (≥ 3 fiducial markers).Before treatment,one spinal alignment plan was added to all the cases in the observation group,and the rotation deviation of the selected spinal distance and the assisted spinal alignment correction of the fiducial marker tracking and the fiducial marker respiratory tracking were counted respectively,and the result of the rotation deviation calculated in the observation group and the control group were analyzed.Results Fiducial tracking spine auxiliary setup result:fiducial marks and selected the spine center distance ＜ 20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and ＞ 80 mm rotating statistical average deviation (0.494±0.350) °,(1.291±0.590) °,(1.705±0.739) °,(2.512±0.761) ° and (2.796± 1.081) °,respectively,rotate observation group and control group total deviation (1.742±0.784) °,(1.805±0.562) °,respectively.Synchrony tracking result in the above case rotation statistical average deviation was (1.190± 0.547) °,(1.956± 0.735) °,(2.141 ± 0.670) °,(2.957±0.648) ° and (4.027±0.695) °,respectively,while rotation total deviation in observation group and control group (2.619±0.906) °,(2.233 ±0.763) °,respectively.There was no significant difference in the rotation deviation between the assisted spinal set-fup and the calculation of rotation deviation between the fiducial tracking and the synchrony tracking (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the fiducial tracking treatment,the range of rotation deviation for the spinal auxiliary set-up correction increases with the increase of the distance between the fiducial markers and the selected spinal center.When the distance between the fiducial marker and the selected spinal is less than 60 mm,the rotation deviation calculated by the spinal auxiliary setup has the same tumor rotation correction effect as that calculated by the fiducial markers.When less than 3 fiducial markers are available and the minimum distance between the fiducial marks and the center of the adjacent spine is relatively close (＜ 60 mm),the deviation of the rotation direction of the tumor can be calculated by adding the spinal auxiliary setup plan.

Preliminary clinical study on treatment of prostate cancer with Cyber-Knife / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ultra-hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.Methods A total of 26 patients with prostate cancer treated with Cyber-Knife from May 2010 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.The median age of the patients was 69 years old (range,57 to 87).Ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered in five fractions of 7.0-7.5 Gy for a total dose of 35.0-37.5 Gy.Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was administered in combination with the Cyber-Knife.The primary endpoints were radiation toxicity,PSA-response,local control and symptom alleviation,while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival and overall survival.Results No graded ≥ 3 acute and late radiation toxicities occurred during follow-up.The acute toxicity of Grades 1 and 2 was 38.4％ and 19.2％,while the late toxicity of Grades 1 and 2 was 30.8％ and 3.8％,respectively.At a median follow-up of 22.44 months,for patients with localized stage,PSA level was decreased significantly after radiotherapy (Z =2.900,2.794,2.510,2.090,P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference for the metastatic group (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ultra-hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with prostate cancer.

Value of diffusion?weighted imaging in the evaluation of therapeutic effect of cyber knife on hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of DWI in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of cyber knife in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Ninety patients who were clinically diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (95 lesions) in the 5th Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA from February 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All 90 patients underwent pre‐treatment dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI scans of liver. Fourty six of them underwent liver MRI scan 3 months after treatment with cyber knife, and 49 patients underwent liver MRI scans 6 months after treatment. According to the evaluation criteria of solid tumor effect, complete necrosis tumor lesions and postoperative residual active lesions were determined. The ADC values of residual active tissue lesion, necrosis lesion in tumor and normal liver were measured. Paired sample t test was used to compare the difference of ADC values of tumor necrosis lesions and normal liver tissues between 3 and 6 months after treatment and before treatment, and ROC was used to evaluate the efficacy of ADC values in predicting complete tissue necrosis after treatment. Results In the 95 lesions, 91 lesions were completely necrotic, and active tissues were found in 4 lesions after treatment. There were statistically significant differences in the ADC values of the lesions at 3 and 6 months after treatment and before treatment (P<0.05),and the ADC values of the tissues after treatment were higher than those before treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in ADC values between 3 and 6 months after treatment and before treatment in normal liver tissue (P>0.05). The area under the ROC of using ADC value to predict the complete necrosis after treatment with cyber knife was 0.767, and the ADC value was 1.23×10‐3 mm2/s as the diagnostic cutoff value. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 76.5% and 70.6%, respectively. Conclusion ADC values can distinguish the necrotic component from the active component of hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment, and can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cyber knife in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Uso problemático de internet, cyberbullying y ciber-violencia de pareja en jóvenes universitarios

Resumen Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación se han desarrollado con rapidez integrándose en la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes y los jóvenes. Por ello, esta investigación con diseño no-experimental y transversal analizó las diferencias por sexo en el uso problemático del internet, el cyberbullying y la ciber-violencia de pareja; así como la posible relación entre las variables mencionadas. La muestra fue conformada por 456 estudiantes, procedentes de dos universidades mexicanas, con edades entre 17 y 30 años (M = 19,86; DT = 2,12). Los resultados mostraron pocas diferencias entre hombres y mujeres; asimismo se presentaron correlaciones bajas positivas entre la mayoría de los indicadores de uso problemático de internet con ciberbullying; el uso problemático de internet y ciber-violencia de pareja; y entre ciberbullying y ciber-violencia de pareja. Se concluyó que las conductas violentas de jóvenes mediante nuevas tecnologías parecen generalizarse a las relaciones entre pares y de pareja. Se discuten los resultados destacando la necesidad de más estudios sobre estos fenómenos cada vez más presentes en jóvenes.

Abstract The Information and Communication Technologies have developed at a fast pace, integrating themselves in the daily life of adolescents and young people. For this reason, this non-experimental cross-sectional study analyzed the gender differences in problematic Internet use, cyberbullying and cyber-violence, as well as the possible relationship between these variables. The sample consisted of 456 students, from two Mexican universities, aged between 17 and 30 years (M = 19,86; DT = 2,12). The results showed few significant differences between men and women; likewise, significant positive correlations were found between most of indicators of problematic Internet use with cyberbullying; between problematic Internet use and cyber dating violence; and between cyberbullying and cyber dating violence. It was concluded that violent behavior of young people through new technologies seems to be generalized to relationships with peers and couples. It was discussed the results highlighting the need for more studies on these phenomena increasingly present in young people.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ciber-Violencia en Parejas Adolescentes (Cib-VPA) / Psychometric properties of the Cyber-Violence Scale in Adolescent Couples (Cib-VPA)

Resumen La utilización que los adolescentes hacen de las redes sociales, móviles e internet, para ejercer violencia hacia la pareja resulta preocupante. Por esta razón, es necesario disponer de instrumentos fiables, específicos para población adolescente y que permitan evaluar tanto situaciones de acoso como de victimización. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ciber-violencia en Parejas Adolescentes (Cib-VPA). Esta escala consta de dos subescalas, ciberacoso perpetrado y cibervictimización, con 10 ítems cada una relativos a conductas agresivas y de control que pueden ser perpetradas o sufridas a través de redes sociales en parejas adolescentes. De una muestra inicial de 762 adolescentes, entre 12 y 18 años, aquellos que tenían pareja o la habían tenido en el último año cumplimentaron la escala Cib-VPA. La muestra final fue de 363 adolescentes (56.6% chicas). Mediante análisis factorial se constataron dos factores similares en cada subescala: cibercontrol (conductas de excesivo control) y ciberagresión (amenazas e insultos a través de redes sociales). La fiabilidad de estos factores es adecuada en las dos subescalas. Se observan, además, correlaciones positivas entre cibercontrol y ciberagresión, perpetrados y sufridos, y conductas de violencia y victimización en parejas adolescentes fuera de las redes sociales.

Abstract The use that adolescents make of social networks, mobile and the Internet to perpetrate violence towards their couple is worrying. Hence, it is necessary to have reliable instruments specific to the adolescent population to facilitate the evaluation of both harassment and victimization situations. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Scale of Cyber-violence in Adolescent Couples (Cib-VPA). This scale consists of two sub-scales, Cyber-harassment perpetrated and Cyber-victimization, with 10 items related to aggressive and control behaviors that can be perpetrated or suffered through social networks in adolescent couples. From an initial sample of 762 adolescents aged 12-18, those who had a partner or had had a partner in the last year completed the Cib-VPA. The final sample included 363 adolescents (56.6 % girls). Factorial analysis confirmed two similar factors in each sub-scale: cyber-control (excessive control behaviors) and cyber-aggression (threats and insults through social networks). The reliability of these factors is adequate in the two subscales. Positive correlations between cyber-control and - perpetrated and suffered - cyber-aggression, violence and victimization behaviors in adolescent couples outside social networks are also observed.

Cyberbullying and coping strategies in adolescents from Southern Brazil / Cyberbullying y estratégias de afrontamiento en adolescentes del sur de Brasil / Cyberbullying e Estratégias de Coping em Adolescentes do Sul do Brasil

Abstract Cyberbullying is defined as a phenomenon that involves aggressive, intentional and repetitive behaviors, carried out through electronic means, during a given time, and perpetrated by an individual or group against a defenseless victim. Coping strategies are a range of changeable cognitive and behavioral efforts used to cope with internal and external demands appraised by the individual as excessive to their resources. This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents of two cities in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), and its relationship with coping strategies. 273 adolescent boys and girls (M = 14.91 years; SD = 1.45), living in the State capital and in a countryside town took part in this study. Participants were asked to respond to a socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as to the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory and the Coping Strategies Inventory by Folkman and Lazarus. Results indicated that 58 % of the adolescents were included in at least one category of aggression. In addition, the statistical means for self-control, social support and avoidance coping strategies were significantly higher for the victims compared to the not-involved youth. On the other hand, victims-aggressors scored higher on the confrontation strategies than the not involved ones. The great incidence of cyberbullying is discussed, as well as the prevalence of the abovementioned coping strategies.

Resumen El cyberbullying es definido como un fenómeno que involucra comportamientos agresivos, intencionales y repetitivos perpetrados por un individuo o un grupo a través de medios electrónicos durante un periodo determinado contra una víctima que presenta dificultades para defenderse. Por otra parte, las estrategias de afrontamiento (coping) son un conjunto de esfuerzos cognitivos y comportamentales cambiantes, utilizados para lidiar con exigencias internas o externas evaluadas como que exceden o desbordan sus recursos personales. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo investigar la prevalencia del cyberbullying en adolescentes de dos ciudades de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), así como su relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento. En total, participaron 273 adolescentes (M = 14.91 años; DE = 1.45), habitantes de la capital y de una ciudad del interior del Estado, que respondieron una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, la escala Revised Cyberbullying Inventory y el Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman y Lazarus. Los resultados indicaron que el 58 % de los adolescentes se encuadraba en alguna categoría de agresión; y que los promedios de las estrategias afrontamiento de autocontrol, soporte social y escape-huida resultaron ser significativamente mayores para las víctimas que para los no involucrados. Asimismo, la estrategia de confrontación fue más utilizada por las víctimas-agresores que por los no involucrados. Al final se discute sobre la gran incidencia del cyberbullying en la muestra investigada, así como la utilización de las estrategias de afrontamiento mencionadas.

Resumo Cyberbullying é definido como um fenômeno que envolve comportamentos agressivos, intencionais e repetitivos, realizados através de meios eletrônicos, ao longo de um determinado período, e perpetrados por um indivíduo ou grupo contra uma vítima que apresenta dificuldade em se defender. Já estratégias de coping são um conjunto de esforços cognitivos e comportamentais mutáveis, utilizados para lidar com exigências internas ou externas, avaliadas pelo indivíduo como excessivas aos seus recursos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a prevalência de Cyberbullying em adolescentes de duas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), bem como sua relação com as estratégias de coping. Participaram do estudo 273 adolescentes (M = 14.91 anos; dp = 1.45), habitantes da capital e de uma cidade do interior do Estado. Estes foram convidados a responder a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, bem como às escalas Revised Cyberbullying Inventory e ao Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus. Os resultados indicaram que 58 % dos adolescentes se enquadravam em alguma categoria de agressão. Além disso, as médias das estratégias de coping de autocontrole, suporte social e fuga-esquiva foram significativamente maiores para as vítimas que para os não envolvidos. Por sua vez, a estratégia de confronto foi maior para as vítimas-agressores que para os não envolvidos. Discutem-se a grande incidência de Cyberbullying na amostra pesquisada e a prevalência de estratégias de coping mencionadas.

The study on the parameters of treatment plans for pancreatic cancer with cyber-nife system / 中华胰腺病杂志

[Abstact] Objective To analyze the related parameters of the treatment plans for the pancreatic cancer with the Cyber-knife system.Methods The clinical data of 129 patients with single-target pancreatic cancer for the first time who underwent CyberkKnife radiosurgery between January 2017 and December 2017 in Shanghai Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The parameters were all selected from the MultiPlan @4.0.2 treatment planning system and the data were analyzed.Results The volume of the targets in 129 patients with pancreatic cancer was 3.355-238.936 cm3,with the average volume of 51.43 ± 55.64 cm3.Patients were averagely treated for 5 to 8 sessions,and the average prescription dose was 6 Gy × 6 fraction,which equaled to 58 Gy in the biological equivalent dose (BED).The collimators with 20 mm and 15 mm accounted for up to 31％ and 27％,respectively,which were the top 2 options.The finally designed the conformal index(CI),new conformal index(nCI),and the homogeneity index were 1.14 ± 0.09,1.29 ± 0.09 and 1.42 ± 0.04,respectively.The coverages of tumor target was 80.3％-95.6％,with the average of 90.0 ± 4.6％.The treatment nodes,beams and Mus are 79,180 and 7 060 in average.The estimated treatment time was 42 ± 8 minutes.The organs at risk can be protected very well.Conclusions Reasonable Cyber-knife treatment plan can guarantee that stereotactic body radiation therapy can effectively treat Pancreatic Cancer.