ABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a existência do efeito aprendizagem nos resultados de repetidos testes de Wingate. Doze ciclistas foram submetidos a dois testes de Wingate (TW1 e TW2) com intervalo de uma semana. A resistência adicionada foi equivalente a 10% da massa corporal e as rotinas foram planejadas para reproduzir as mesmas condições em ambos os testes. Os resultados revelaram grande amplitude nos limites de concordância dos testes 1 e 2 em todas as variáveis, bem como diferenças significantes para Potência Média (PM), em valores absolutos (TW1: 579,7 ± 91,0 W vs TW2: 616,9 ± 102,2 W) e valores relativos (TW1: 8,3 ± 0,8 W/kg vs TW2: 8,8 ± 0,9 W/kg). A evidência demonstra a existência do efeito aprendizagem causando influência nos resultados da potência anaeróbica.
The purpose of this study was to verify the existence of learning effect in results of Wingate repeated tests. Twelve cyclists were submitted to two Wingate Tests (TW1 and TW2) with an interval of a week. The added resistance was equivalent to 10% of body mass, the routines were planned to reproduce the same conditions in both tests. Even though the high correlation (0,92), the results showed significant difference for Mean Power (PM), in absolute values (TW1: 579,7 ± 91,0 W vs TW2: 616,9 ± 102,2) and relative values, (TW1: 8,3 ± 0,8 W/kg vs TW2: 8,8 ± 0,9 W/kg) favoring the second test. The evidence demonstrated the existence of learning effect affecting results of anaerobic power.
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la existencia del efecto del aprendizaje en los resultados de repetidas evaluaciones de Wingate. Doce ciclistas fueron sometidos a dos evaluaciones de Wingate (TW1 e TW2) con intervalo de una semana. La resistencia adicionada fue equivalente a 10% de la masa corporal y las rutinas fueron planeadas para reproducir las mismas condiciones en las dos evaluaciones. Mismo con la correlación de 0,92, los resultados revelaran diferencias significativas para la Potencia Media (PM) en valores absolutos (TW1: 579,7 ± 91,0 W vs TW2: 616,9 ± 102,2 W) y valores relativos (TW1: 8,3 ± 0,8 W/kg vs TW2: 8,8 ± 0,9 W/kg), favoreciendo la segunda evaluación. Eso demuestra la existencia del efecto del aprendizaje influyendo la potencia anaeróbica.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the patella bone volume of sedentary men with that of elite male sportspeople, including judoka, cyclists, weightlifters, and taekwondo athletes who were members of Turkish National Professional Teams. All subjects had no history or clinical signs of an orthopaedic disorder such as osteoarthritis or acromegaly. The right and left knees of all groups were placed side by side in a supine position and were scanned by high resolution imaging with multidetector computed tomography. The differences between the volume of right and left patellae of sedentary men, judoka, cyclists, weightlifters, and taekwondo athletes were statistically significant. The average left patella of a professional cyclist and the average right patella volume of a sedentary man were maximum and minimum, respectively. The results demonstrated that the patella volume of cyclists was significantly larger. According to the literature, patella bone volume was associated with a reduced rate of annual patella cartilage volume loss, so cycling early in life may prevent patella cartilage loss in the future.
El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el volumen de la patela en hombres sedentarios con la patela de deportistas de elite, incluyendo judokas, ciclistas, levantadores de pesas y atletas de taekwondo, miembros de equipos profesionales nacionales turcos. Los sujetos del estudio no tenían antecedentes o signos clínicos de una enfermedad ortopédica como la osteoartritis. Las rodillas derecha e izquierda de los individuos de todos los grupos se colocaron una al lado de otra, en posición supina y fueron escaneadas por tomografía computarizada multidetector de alta resolución. Las diferencias entre el volumen de la patela derecha e izquierda de los hombres sedentarios, atletas judokas, ciclistas, levantadores de pesas y atletas de taekwondo fueron estadísticamente significativas. El volumen promedio de la patela izquierda de un ciclista profesional y el volumen promedio de la patela derecha de un hombre sedentario fueron de máximo y mínimo, respectivamente. Los resultados demostraron que el volumen de la patela de ciclistas fue significativamente mayor. De acuerdo a la literatura, el volumen del hueso de la patela fue asociado con una pérdida anual de volumen del cartílago, razón por la cual el ciclismo en una edad temprana puede prevenir la pérdida de cartílago de la patela en el futuro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Patella , Patella/anatomy & histology , Sedentary Behavior , Athletes , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
Background: Cycling is an endurance sport relying mainly on aerobic capacity to provide fuel during long-duration cycling events. Athletes are constantly searching for new methods to improve this capacity through various nutritional and ergogenic aids. Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out the effect of Ashwagandha on the cardiorespiratory endurance capacity, that is, aerobic capacity of elite Indian cyclists. Materials and Methods: Forty elite (elite here refers to the participation of the athlete in at least state-level events) Indian cyclists were chosen randomly and were equally divided into experimental and placebo groups. The experimental group received 500 mg capsules of aqueous roots of Ashwagandha twice daily for eight weeks, whereas the placebo group received starch capsules. Outcome Measures: The baseline treadmill test for the cyclists were performed to measure their aerobic capacity in terms of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max), metabolic equivalent, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and total time for the athlete to reach his exhaustion stage. After eight weeks of supplementation, the treadmill test was again performed and results were obtained. Results: There was significant improvement in the experimental group in all parameters, whereas the placebo group did not show any change with respect to their baseline parameters. There was significant improvement in the experimental group in all parameters, namely, VO2 max (t = 5.356; P < 0.001), METS (t = 4.483; P < 0.001), and time for exhaustion on treadmill (t = 4.813; P < 0.001) in comparison to the placebo group which did not show any change with respect to their baseline parameters. Conclusion: Ashwagandha improved the cardiorespiratory endurance of the elite athletes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the characteristic injuries on motor-cyclists for the forensic indentifi-cation in cases of traffic accident. Methods Investigate retrospectively the injuries of motor-cyclists and passengers in 408 traffic accident cases occurred during 2000 to 2002 in Beijing area. Results There were characteristic injuries at motor-cyclist's abdomen, perineum, inner side of thighs, chest, face, neck, front of tibia. They reflect contours of certain components of motor-cycle, but the injuries of passengers can not reflect the components of motor-cycle. Conclusion The characteristic injuries caused by certain components of motor-cycle might be useful for differential diagnosis the motor-cyclists and the passengers in cases of traffic accident.