ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a method for determining cyclohexanol in urine by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS/SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) .@*Methods@#After the urine sample was hydrolyzed by β-glucuronidase, 2.0 g of NaCl was added, then the analyte in urine was adsorbed by a CAR/PDMS solid phase micro-extraction head in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 20 min. And the extraction head was inserted into the gas chromatograph gasification chamber to desorb, the analyte was detected after separated by the capillary through the flame ionization detector.@*Results@#The linear range of the method was 0.1-5.0 mg/L with the correlation coefficients (r) 0.999. The average recovery was 84.5%-96.3%, the inter-day precision was 3.81%-6.00%, and the detection limit was 0.03 mg/L.@*Conclusion@#The method is founded to be low detection limit, simple operation and no need of organic solvent. So it is suitable for the detection of cyclohexanol in urine of occupational exposure to cyclohexanone.
ABSTRACT
Cyclohexanone is widely used in industry for the organic synthesis of chemicals such as adipic acid, caprolactam, polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers, and methacrylate ester polymers. Its mechanism of toxicity, especially oxidative stress, is rarely reported in cyclohexanone toxicity studies. In this study, we evaluate oxidative stress immunohistochemically in the livers of rats exposed to cyclohexanone. Rats were exposed to 0 ppm and 625 ppm cyclohexanone for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks via whole-body inhalation. All rats were sacrificed at the end of exposure and livers were removed and prepared for histological examination. Histopathology indicated an increase in bile duct hyperplasia in the liver was only observed in the cyclohexanone-exposed group, compared to that in the control group in males. Immunohistochemistry showed 4-HNE immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in the liver. Immunoreactivity was significantly stronger in the cyclohexanone-exposed group compared to the control group in both sexes. However, it was significantly stronger in males compared to females. This result shows a sex-based difference in the expression of oxidative stress in response to cyclohexanone exposure.
La ciclohexanona se usa ampliamente en la industria para la síntesis orgánica de sustancias químicas, como el ácido adípico, la caprolactama, el cloruro de polivinilo y sus copolímeros y los polímeros del éster metacrilato. Su mecanismo de toxicidad, especialmente el estrés oxidativo, se observa raramente en los estudios de toxicidad de la ciclohexanona. En el presente estudio, evaluamos el estrés oxidativo a través de la inmunohistoquímica en hígados de ratas expuestas a la ciclohexanona. Las ratas fueron expuestas a 0 ppm y 625 ppm de ciclohexanona por 6 horas diarias, 5 días a la semana durante 13 semanas, mediante inhalación corporal total. Al final de la exposición, se sacrificaron las ratas y se extirparon sus hígados para el examen histológico. La histopatología indicó que se observó un aumento de la hiperplasia del conducto biliar solamente en el grupo expuesto a la ciclohexanona, en comparación con el grupo de control en machos. La inmunohistoquímica mostró una inmunorreactividad al 4-HNE en el citoplasma de los hepatocitos del hígado. La inmunorreactividad fue significativamente mayor en el grupo expuesto a la ciclohexanona, en comparación con el grupo control en ambos sexos. Sin embargo, fue significativamente mayor en los machos, en comparación con el hígado de las hembras. Este resultado muestra una diferencia basada en el sexo, en la expresión del estrés oxidativo en respuesta a la exposición a la ciclohexanona.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Sex Factors , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Cyclohexanones/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Rats, Inbred F344 , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a methodology for the detection of cyclohexanone in workplace air by capillary column gas chromatography.METHODS: The air sample in the workplace was collected with activated carbon tube and desorbed with carbon disulfide.The extracts were separated by FFAP capillary column and detected with flame ionization detector,and quantified using standard curve.RESULTS: The linearity range of cyclohexanone was 10.00-1 000.00 mg/L,and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9.The detection limit and the lower limit of quantification were 1.31 and 4.37 mg/L,respectively.The minimum detectable concentration and the minimum quantitative mass concentration were 4.37 and13.11 mg/m~3,respectively.The average desorption efficiency of cyclohexanone was 95.80%-97.88%.The within-run and between-run relative standard deviation were 0.52%-3.12% and 3.28%-4.75% respectively.The samples could be stored at room temperature for 7 days.CONCLUSION: This method is simple and accurate.It is suitable for the determination of a large number of samples.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a simultaneous determination method of cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in workplace air. Methods To collect the cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol from the workplace air by pumping the air through the active carbon tube,resolve them with alcohol and then test the content of them by capillary gas chromatography. Results It was proved that these samples were separated effectively. The final measurement range of cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol was 30-1 000 ?g/ml,20-1 000 ?g/ml and 20-880 ?g/ml respectively,the linear equation was y=257.4x+987.1 (r=0.999 9),y=239.9x+664.6 (r=0.9999 ) and y=192.4x+607.1 (r=0.999 9) respectively,the detection limit of was 1.5 ?g/ml,0.5 ?g/ml and 1.0 ?g/ml respectively. The minimum detectable concentration was 1.0 mg/m3,0.3 mg/m3 and 0.7 mg/m3 respectively (collected 1.5 L air sample). The efficiency of resolution was 90.1%,91.2% and 93.1% respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of the cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in the workplace air.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical stability of disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition.METHODS:0.9% sodium chloride injection was infused into the disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition and set at 8 ℃ or 37 ℃ for different duration(0,24,48,and 72 h) as sample solution.The sample solution was compared with blank control(0.9% sodium chloride injection contained in glass bottle) in respect of pH value,metal ion,indissoluble particle,chloride,reduction substance,UV absorbance and dissolution of cyclohexanone.RESULTS:Each index was stable when sample solution was set at 8 ℃ for 24 h.Reduction substance and dissolution of cyclohexanone increased when solution was set at 37 ℃ with time prolonged,as compared with blank control.At 37℃ UV absorbance is more than that at 8 ℃.CONCLUSION:It is suitable to set disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition at 8 ℃ after infusing with injection and use up within 24 h.