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1.
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin ; (12): 1540-1546, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-480657

ABSTRACT

Aim To study the activity and mechanism of inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy of total fla-vonoids of Cydonia oblonga Mill. in spontaneously hy-pertensive rats ( SHR) . Methods Total flavonoids of COM ( COMF) were separated and purified by the op-timal process. SHR were divided into 6 groups: SHR control group ( SHR) , captopril group ( SHR+CAP, 25 μg·g-1 ) , Eucommia ulmoides Oliver group ( SHR+EUO, 30 μg·g-1 ) , low ( SHR+COMF-L, 40 μg ·g-1 ) , middle ( SHR+COMF-M, 80 μg·g-1 ) and high dose ( SHR+COMF-H, 160 μg·g-1 ) of COMF groups. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n=8) were given distilled water as control. The drugs were given by in-tragastric administration for 16 weeks. The histological and pathological examinations of the heart were per-formed and organic damage was valued. The levels of AngⅡand ALD in blood and heart were evaluated. The mRNA and protein expression of ACE, ACE2 and AT1 was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot to e-valuate the effect of COMF on RAAS. Results Com-pared with SHR control group, HW, HW/BW, LVM and LVM/BW decreased in SHR+COMF-M and SHR+COMF-H groups. Cadiomyocyte hypertrophy was in-hibited in COMF groups. The concentration of AngⅡand ALD in heart and blood decreased. ACE and AT1 mRNA and protein expression in heart tissue de-creased, while ACE2 mRNA expression increased ( P<0. 01 or P <0. 05 ) , Conclusion Total flavonoids of Cydonia oblonga Mill. show the effect of inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hyperten-sive rats and the mechanism is related to inhibiting ac-tivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

2.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-8, 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950767

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rootstocks play an essential role to determining orchard performance of fruit trees. Pyrus communisand Cydonia oblonga are widely used rootstocks for European pear cultivars. The lack of rootstocks adapted to different soil conditions and different grafted cultivars is widely acknowledged in pear culture. Cydonia rootstocks (clonal) and Pyrus rootstocks (seedling or clonal) have their advantages and disadvantages. In each case, site-specific environmental characteristics, specific cultivar response and production objectives must be considered before choosing the best rootstock. In this study, the influence of three Quince (BA 29, Quince A = MA, Quince C = MC) and a local European pear seedling rootstocks on the scion yield, some fruit quality characteristics and leaf macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micro element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) content of 'Santa Maria' pear (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated. RESULTS: Trees on seedling rootstock had the highest annual yield, highest cumulative yield (kg tree(-1)), largest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), lowest yield efficiency and lowest cumulative yield (ton ha(-1)) in the 10th year after planting. The rootstocks had no significant effect on average fruit weight and fruit volume. Significantly higher fruit firmness was obtained on BA 29 and Quince A. The effect of rootstocks on the mineral element accumulation (N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) was significant. Leaf analysis showed that rootstocks used had different mineral uptake efficiencies throughout the early season. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the rootstocks strongly affected fruit yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element uptake of 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar. Pear seedling and BA 29 rootstock found to be more prominent in terms of several characteristics for 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar that is grown in highly calcareous soil in semi-arid climate conditions. We determined the highest N, P (although insignificant), K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu mineral element concentrations on the pear seedling and BA 29 rootstocks. According to the results, we recommend the seedling rootstock for normal density plantings (400 trees ha(-1)) and BA 29 rootstock for high-density plantings (800 trees ha(-1)) for 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar in semi-arid conditions.


Subject(s)
Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Pyrus/classification , Pyrus/growth & development , Pyrus/chemistry , Desert Climate , Crop Production/methods , Fruit/metabolism , Phosphorus/analysis , Potassium/analysis , Rain , Soil , Temperature , Turkey , Zinc/analysis , Boron/analysis , Calcium/analysis , Copper/analysis , Rosaceae/physiology , Seedlings/growth & development , Seedlings/physiology , Iron/analysis , Magnesium/analysis , Manganese/analysis , Nitrogen/analysis
3.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(9): 1542-1545, set. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683147

ABSTRACT

A cultura da pereira (Pyrus communis) possui grande potencial de expansão no sul do Brasil devido às condições climáticas e solo. A carência de informações a respeito da(s) melhor(es) combinação(ões) de cultivares copa de pereira europeia e portaenxertos, quanto ao aspecto vegetativo e potencial produtivo, tem limitado o cultivo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de cultivares copa de pereira europeia e portaenxertos de marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga) sobre o vigor e variáveis de plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em pomares comerciais da cidade de Fraiburgo, Estado de Santa Catarina, durante os ciclos de cultivo 2008/09, 09/10 e 10/11. As cultivares avaliadas foram 'Packham's Triumph', 'Santa Maria', 'Rocha' e 'Abbè Fetel' e os portaenxertos de marmeleiro EMC e Adams. O espaçamento de plantio foi de 0,3m entre plantas e 4m entre linhas. As variáveis analisadas foram: a. incremento de altura de plantas (m); b. incremento de volume de copa (m³); c. incremento de diâmetro do tronco da cv. 'copa' (mm); d. incremento de diâmetro do tronco do portaenxerto (mm); e. diferença de diâmetro do tronco entre a cultivar copa e o portaenxerto (mm); f. índice de fertilidade (no de gemas cm-1); g. massa fresca média total acumulada do material vegetativo das três podas de inverno (kg); h. diferença cumulativa entre a massa fresca e a massa seca dos ramos podados (kg). As diferentes combinações de cultivares e portaenxertos interferiram nas diferentes variáveis analisadas. As combinações Abbè Fetel e Rocha sobre marmelo Adams, foram significativamente mais vigorosas em termos de incremento de diâmetro do tronco da cultivar copa, incremento de altura de plantas, incremento de volume de copa e massa fresca média total acumulada do material vegetativo das podas de inverno dos três anos. A combinação Santa Maria sobre marmelo Adams apresentou vigor intermediário significativo de plantas de acordo com o incremento em volume de copa, diferença de diâmetro do tronco entre a cultivar copa e do portaenxerto, sendo mais indicada para uso comercial, devido ao maior equilíbrio proporcionado entre parte vegetativa e produtiva da planta, nas condições edafoclimáticas experimentais do Sul do Brasil.


The pear (Pyrus communis) culture offers a great expansive market opportunity in southern Brazil, according to climatic conditions and soil. However, there are still some barriers that prevent satisfactory economic production, such as lack of knowledge about the best combinations of cultivars and rootstocks. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of European pear cultivars and quince (Cydonia oblonga) rootstocks on the plants vigor variables. The experiments were carried out in commercials orchards in Fraiburgo Municipality, Santa Catarina state, during the crop season of 2008/09, 09/10 and 10/11. The cultivars evaluated were 'Packham's Triumph', 'Santa Maria', 'Rocha' and 'Abbè Fetel' and the quince rootstocks EMC and Adams. The cultivars and rootstocks combinations were conducted in a spacing of 0.3mx4m between plants and rows, respectively. The vigor variables evaluated were, a. plants height increment (m); b. canopy volume increment (m³); c. truck diameter increment of the cultivars canopy (mm); d. truck diameter increment of rootstocks (mm); e. difference between the trunk diameter of cultivars canopy and rootstock (mm); f. fertility index (buds cm-1); g. total cumulative average of fresh weight of pruned branches (kg); and h. cumulative difference between the fresh and dry weight of pruned branches (kg). All combinations evaluated affected the vegetative parameters of the European pear cultivars. The combinations Abbè Fetel and Rocha grafted on Adams quince rootstocks are significant more vigorous according to increment of cultivars canopy truck diameter, plant height increment, cultivars canopy volume increment and cumulative average weight of pruned branches, when compared with others combinations. The combination Santa Maria grafted on Adams quince rootstock showed significant intermediate vigor according to cultivar canopy volume increment, truck diameter of cultivar canopy and, truck diameter of rootstock. This combination presented a better proportion amongst the vigor variables and can be indicated for commercial production according to the experimental edafoclimatic conditions of southern Brazil.

4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(1): 98-103, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669542

ABSTRACT

A espécie Cydonia oblonga Mill. (Rosaceae), Marmeleiro, é proveniente do Cáucaso e se difundiu pela Europa e países mediterrâneos, sendo introduzida no Brasil já em 1532. Algumas propriedades medicinais são atribuídas à C. oblonga determinando seu uso pela população. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer os diversos usos do marmeleiro em São João do Paraíso, assim como estudar a atividade antimicrobiana desta planta. O estudo etnobotânico foi realizado por meio de entrevistas aplicadas aos produtores do marmeleiro. Os ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana foram realizados por meio do método de difusão em placas, com discos embebidos nas concentrações de 100, 200 e 400 mg/mL do decocto do fruto e do extrato bruto das folhas de C. oblonga, testadas em seis bactérias. O estudo etnobotânico revelou que o marmelo utilizado no combate à diarréia, vômito e hipertensão, é também usado como cicatrizante e antisséptico. Quanto ao estudo antimicrobiano, somente o extrato bruto das folhas inibiu parcialmente o crescimento de Streptococcus agalactiae. Concluiu-se por meio deste trabalho que o decocto do marmelo é utilizado pela população na medicina tradicional e que extrato bruto das folhas afetou o crescimento de S. agalactiae.


The species Cydonia oblonga Mill., quince, originated from the Caucasus region, spreading over Europe and Mediterranean countries, and was introduced in Brazil already in 1532. Some medicinal properties are attributed to C. oblonga, determining its use by the population. In this context, the present study aimed to learn the several uses of quince in São João do Paraíso, as well as to study the antimicrobial activity of this plant. The ethnobotanical study was carried out by means of interviews applied to quince farmers. Antimicrobial activity assays were performed according to the diffusion method in dishes with disks embedded at the concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL fruit decoction and crude extract from C. oblonga leaves, tested for six bacteria. The ethnobotanical study revealed that quince which has been used to treat diarrhea, vomit and hypertension is also used as healing and antiseptic. As to the antimicrobial study, only the crude extract from leaves partially inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. This study led to the conclusion that quince decoction has been used by the population in traditional medicine and that the crude extract from leaves affected the growth of S. agalactiae.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cydonia vulgaris/adverse effects , Cydonia vulgaris/therapeutic use , Ethnobotany/methods , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Medicine, Traditional
5.
Ciênc. rural ; 40(5): 1049-1052, maio 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-552126

ABSTRACT

Cutting propagation was the system to produce quince nursery trees (Cydonia oblonga). Experiments have been carried out in order to identify news propagations methods. As a result of this research, the 'Japonês' quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) was selected with rootstock, due to its good plant vigor for grafting, rusticity, and adequate performance in the field, mainly in the first years after planting. However, the best grafting period and grafting method must be determined for this rootstock. This research evaluated three grafting methods and five quince scion cultivars on 'Japonês' rootstock. The quince cultivars 'Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Portugal', 'Smyrna', and 'Japonês' were grafted by winter cleft grafting, winter budding, and summer budding on 90cm long plants of 'Japonês' quince rootstock seedlings, cultivated in 3-liter plastic bags. Plant growth evaluations started as early as 60 days, and were concluded 150 days after grafting. Cleft grafting resulted in the highest graft survival rate for 'Smyrna', 'Mendoza Inta-37' and 'Japonês' cultivars. Although the higher graft survival rate was recorded in the winter, the buds grafted in the summer had better development.


Propagação por estaquia foi o sistema adotado no passado para produzir mudas de marmelo (Cydonia oblonga). Atualmente, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas para identificar novos métodos de propagação. A partir dos resultados dessas pesquisas, neste trabalho, o marmelo Japonês (Chaenomeles sinensis) foi selecionado como porta-enxerto, pelo seu bom vigor, pela sua rusticidade e pelo seu desempenho adequado no campo, principalmente nos primeiros anos depois do plantio. Porém, devem ser determinados a melhor época para a realização da enxertia e o método mais adequado quando se utiliza esse porta-enxerto. O presente trabalho avaliou três métodos de enxerto e cinco cultivares de marmelo enxertadas no porta-enxerto 'Japonês'. As cultivares de marmelo 'Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Portugal', 'Smyrna' e 'Japonês' foram enxertadas por meio de três métodos: por garfagem em fenda cheia (julho), borbulhia de inverno (julho) e borbulhia de verão (janeiro), em mudas do porta-enxerto 'Japonês', com 90cm de comprimento e diâmetro próximo a 8mm, 15cm acima do colo da planta, mantidas em sacos plásticos com capacidade de 3L. As avaliações de crescimento tiveram incício aos 60 dias e foram concluídas 150 dias depois da enxertia. A enxertia realizada pelo processo de garfagem favorece a maior porcentagem de enxertos brotados, chegando próximo a 100 por cento de sucesso para 'Smyrna', 'Mendoza Inta-37' e 'Japonês'. Embora a taxa de sobrevivência de enxerto mais alta tenha sido registrada na enxertia por borbulhia realizada no inverno, os enxertos realizados no verão tiveram melhor desenvolvimento.

6.
Ciênc. rural ; 40(1): 20-24, jan.-fev. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-537352

ABSTRACT

Visando a aumentar o aproveitamento do material propagativo, ampliar o período de oferta das mudas de marmeleiro e dinamizar o uso da mão-de-obra no viveiro, faz-se necessário o armazenamento dos ramos porta-borbulhas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a viabilidade da manutenção dos ramos porta-borbulhas de diferentes cultivares de marmeleiro, por meio do armazenamento a frio, e diagnosticar o método de enxertia para promover melhor desenvolvimento do enxerto. Ramos dos marmeleiros 'Japonês' (Chaenomeles sinensis), 'Smyrna', 'Portugal', 'Mendoza Inta-37' e 'Provence' (Cydonia oblonga) foram coletados em julho de 2008. Uma parte dos ramos foi utilizada para a realização da enxertia (métodos de borbulhia e garfagem) em mudas de seis meses de idade do porta-enxerto 'Japonês', e a outra parte foi armazenada sob baixa temperatura (estacas envoltas em papel umedecido, embrulhadas em sacos de polietileno colocadas em câmara fria a 4°C), por 30 e 60 dias. Passados 60 dias, foi mensurada a porcentagem de brotação dos enxertos e, ao final de 120 dias da realização das enxertias, foram mensurados o comprimento, o diâmetro e a massa seca média dos enxertos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de as cultivares apresentarem diferença, recomenda-se que os ramos sejam armazenados por até 30 dias, sendo utilizada a enxertia pelo método de garfagem.


In order to increase the use of propagation material, enlarge the offer period of the quince seedlings production and dynamic use of the labor in the nursery, it becomes necessary to store the of budsticks. Thus, the present research aimed to study the feasibility of the maintaining budstick of different quince cultivars, through cold storage and to verify the grafting method to promote better development of the graft. Branches of the 'Japonês' (Chaenomeles sinensis), 'Smyrna', 'Portugal', 'Mendoza Inta-37' and 'Provence' (Cydonia oblonga) quince cultivars were collected in July, 2008. One of the branches was used for grafting (methods budding and cleft grafting methods) in 'Japonês' rootstock seedlings of six months of age and other part was stored at e low temperature (wrapped up cutting in humidified paper and wrapped up in polyethylene sacks, placed in cold chamber for 4°C) for 30 and 60 days. After 60 days, the percentage of sprouting was measured and 120 days after grafting, the length, diameter and mass dries average of the grafts were measured. It was concluded that, despite the cultivars presented anydifference, it is recommended that the branches need to be stored for up to 30 days, if the cleft grafting is used.

7.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 33(2): 521-526, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514001

ABSTRACT

Os marmeleiros sempre foram propagados comercialmente mediante o enraizamento de estacas. Devido ao baixo vigor das mudas, principalmente nos primeiros anos após o plantio, alguns trabalhos foram desenvolvidos no Brasil a fim de viabilizar a utilização do marmeleiro 'Japonês' (Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne) como porta-enxerto para marmelos. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, mas frente à falta de outras opções de porta-enxertos mais vigorosos para marmeleiros e devido a observações em viveiro e a campo do alto vigor dos porta-enxertos para pereira 'Taiwan Nashi-C' (Pyrus calleryana Decne) e 'Taiwan Mamenashi' (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge), objetivou-se, neste trabalho, verificar o crescimento de cultivares de marmeleiros ('Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Portugal', 'Smyrna' e 'Japonês') enxertados sobre esses porta-enxertos, na fase de viveiro. Os marmeleiros foram enxertados pelo método de garfagem em mudas dos porta-enxertos 'Japonês', 'Taiwan Nashi-C' e 'Taiwan Mamenashi', mantidas em sacos plásticos (capacidade de 3 L de substrato), no período hibernal. Foram utilizados garfos com três gemas, coletadas de plantas-matrizes do Instituto Agronômico (IAC). O experimento foi realizado em viveiro telado (50% de luminosidade), sendo avaliados o comprimento e diâmetro do enxerto aos 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a realização da enxertia e a porcentagem de garfos brotados na última avaliação. Os porta-enxertos orientais de pereira apresentaram bons resultados na fase de viveiro, com 'Taiwan Nashi-C' destacando-se como porta-enxerto para os marmeleiros 'Smyrna' e 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Taiwan Mamenashi' para o marmeleiro 'Smyrna' e 'Japonês' para o mesmo.


The quince tree has always been commercially propagated by cuttings. Due to the low vigor, mainly in the first years of the orchard, a series of works was developed in Brazil in order to enable the use of the Japanese quince tree (Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne) as a rootstock. The results were satisfactory but the lack of other options for more vigorous rootstocks for quince tree and the observations in the nursery and in the field of a higher vigor of the pear rootstocks 'Taiwan Nashi-C' (Pyrus calleryana Decne) and 'Taiwan Mamenashi' (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge), led us to verify the performance of quince cultivars grafted on 'Japonês', 'Taiwan Nashi-C', and 'Taiwan Mamenashi' rootstocks, in nursery conditions. The 'Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Portugal', 'Smyrna', and 'Japonês' quinces were grafted using the cleft grafting method onto the 'Japonês', 'Taiwan Nashi-C', and 'Taiwan Mamenashi' seedlings and maintained in plastic bags (3 L capacity of substrate) in the dormant period. The scion sticks used had three buds each and were collected from mother plants at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). The experiment was accomplished at a nursery (50% light). The length and diameter of the grafts were measured at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after the grafting and the percentage of sprouted grafts was evaluated after 150 days. The oriental rootstocks 'Taiwan Nashi-C' and 'Taiwan Mamenashi' presented good results at the nursery, with 'Taiwan Nashi-C' outstanding as rootstocks for 'Smyrna' and 'Mendoza Inta-37' quinces, whereas 'Taiwan Mamenashi' was the best rootstock for 'Smyrna' quince and 'Japonês' for 'Japonês' quince.

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