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Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de la salud general percibida y su asociación al síndrome de burnout académico e ideación suicida en universitarios de una institución pública de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con componente analítico, en una muestra de 807 estudiantes de una universidad pública, quienes respondieron la escala de salud general (GHQ), el inventario de burnout académico (MBI-SS) y la escala de ideación suicida (CES-D-IS). Resultados: Mostraron el 60 % de los participantes eran mujeres con edades entre 18 a 47 años. El 28 % informa malestar en su salud general percibida. La ideación suicida (OR = 3,16; IC 95 % 1,82 5,49), el agotamiento (OR = 2,22; IC 95 % 1,51 3,25), el cinismo (OR = 1,61; IC 95 % 1,14 2,28), y la ineficacia académica (OR = 1,60; IC 95 % 1,122,28) se asociaron a malestar general percibido. Conclusiones: La ideación suicida y las dimensiones del burnout (agotamiento, cinismo e ineficacia académica) son factores de riesgo para la salud general percibida en los estudiantes universitarios. Se necesita más investigación acerca del papel de variables contextuales en la salud general de los estudiantes universitarios.
Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of perceived general health and its association to academic burnout syndrome and suicide ideation in university students of a public institution in the city of Santa Marta. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with analytical component was conducted in a sample of 807 students from a public university, who answered the general health scale (GHQ), the academic burnout inventory (MBI-SS) and the suicide ideation scale (CES-D-IS). Results: They showed 60 % of the participants were women between the ages of 18 and 47,28 % reported an impairment in their perceived general health. Suicidal ideation (OR = 3,16; IC 95 % 1,82 5,49), exhaustion (OR = 2,22; IC 95 % 1,51-3,25), cynicism (OR = 1,61; IC 95 % 1,142,28), and academic inefficacy (OR = 1,60; IC 95 % 1,122,28) were associated with perceived general malaise. Conclusions: Suicidal ideation, and burnout dimensions (exhaustion, cynicism and academic inefficiency) are risk factors for perceived general health in university students. More research is needed on the role of contextual variables in the general health of university students.
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Resumen Se analizó el impacto del cinismo organizacional sobre las relaciones entre la tríada oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo, psicopatía) y la satisfacción laboral, en una muestra de 343 trabajadores argentinos. Se plantearon hipótesis sobre relaciones directas e indirectas que fueron probadas mediante análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados confirmaron que la tríada predice el cinismo (maquiavelismo: ϒ = 0.39, p < 0.01; psicopatía: ϒ = 0.22, p < 0.01; narcisismo: ϒ = 0.14; p < 0.05), y que el cinismo mediatiza completamente las relaciones entre la tríada y la satisfacción laboral (maquiavelismo: z = -4.51, p < 0.001; psicopatía: z = -3.24, p < 0.001; narcisismo: z = -1.78, p < 0.05). Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de los hallazgos y se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación futura.
Abstract The impact of organizational cynicism on the relationship between dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and job satisfaction was analysed. It was study a sample of 343 Argentinean workers. Hypotheses on direct and indirect relationships were tested by structural equation modelling. The results confirmed that the dark triad predicts cynicism (machiavellianism: ϒ = 0.39, p < 0.01; psychopathy: ϒ = 0.22, p < 0.01; narcissism: ϒ = 0.14; p < 0.05); and that cynicism fully mediates the relationship between the dark side and job satisfaction (machiavellianism: z = -4.51, p < 0.001; psychopathy: z = -3.24, p < 0.001; narcissism: z = -1.78, p < 0.05). Practical implications of findings are discussed and new lines for future studies are suggested.
Subject(s)
Organization and Administration , Personality/classification , Capacity Building/methods , Dangerous BehaviorABSTRACT
Resumen Se verificó un modelo explicativo de la satisfacción laboral basado en la relación de algunas variables disposicionales. Se plantea un modelo de mediación múltiple moderada, que fue analizado en una muestra multiocupacional de 575 trabaja dores argentinos. La verificación empírica indicó que el efecto indirecto positivo del capital psicológico y de la inteligencia emocional sobre la satisfacción laboral es amplificado por la extraversión y atenuado por el neuroticismo; en contraste, el efecto indirecto negativo del cinismo organizacional se encuentra fortalecido por el descontrol emocional y amortiguado por la extraversión. Se discuten los resultados y se señalan las fortalezas y limitaciones del estudio.
Summary The article verifies an explicative model of job satisfaction based on the relationship of dispositional variables. It pro poses a moderated multiple regression models analyzed in a multi-occupational sample of 575 Argentinian workers. The empirical verification indicated that the indirect positive effect of psychological capital and emotional intelligence on job satisfaction is amplified by extroversion and tempered by neuroticism; in contrast, the negative indirect effect of or ganizational cynicism is strengthened by emotional lack of control and tempered by extroversion. The article discusses the results and indicates the study's strengths and limitation.
Resumo Verifica-se um modelo explicativo da satisfação profissional baseado na relação de algumas variáveis disposicionais. Propõe-se um modelo de mediação múltipla moderada, que foi analisado numa amostra multiocupacional de 575 traba lhadores argentinos. A verificação empírica indicou que o efeito indireto positivo do capital psicológico e da inteligência emocional sobre a satisfação organizacional é amplificado pela extroversão e amenizado pelo neuroticismo; em oposi ção, o efeito indireto negativo do cinismo organizacional se encontra fortalecido pelo descontrole emocional e suavizado pela extroversão. Discutem-se os resultados e indicam-se as fortalezas e as limitações deste estudo.
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Resumen Objetivo: Comparar las dimensiones del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de Ingenierías y Ciencias de la Salud, en relación con las variables académicas (promedio ponderado, semestre y programa cursado) y sociodemográficas (edad, género) de los participantes. Método: Dicho estu dio se abordó bajo el enfoque de Bandura (1989), referido a la autoeficacia, bajo el modelo del espiral negativo "hacia abajo", desarrollado por Salanova, Bresó y Schaufeli (2005). Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación de paradigma empírico-analítico, de tipo descriptivo comparativo y diseño transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 1.028 estudiantes de los cuales se obtuvo una muestra estratificada de 280 de ambas facultades participantes; con un porcentaje de error del 5 % y un nivel de confianza del 95 %. A ellos se les aplicó el Inventario de Burnout Académi co (MBI-SS), validado para este estudio. Luego de obtener los resultados de la prueba, se utilizó el estadístico ANOVA para el respectivo análisis de varianzas por grupos. Resultados: Indicaron un nivel bajo y medio de agotamiento emocional y cinismo, pero con un nivel alto de autoeficacia, con diferencias significativas en autoeficacia con respecto al promedio académico y semestre, y de agotamiento con respecto al semestre, programa y facultad; siendo los estudiantes de Odon tología, Medicina, Ingeniería Ambiental y de Sistemas quienes presentaron mayor agotamiento emocional, físico y mental que los otros. Se concluye que existen grupos de estudiantes con diferentes niveles de agotamiento emocional y cinismo, según el género y la carrera que cursan.
Abstract Objective: Comparison of the Burnout syndrome approach, taking into account academic vari ables such as: average, semester and program completion and also demographic variables such as: age and gender in students in the engineering and health sciences programs. This study is cen tered on self-efficacy according to Bandura's theory (1989) and the "downward negative spiral" model developed by Salanova, Breso y Schaufeli (2005). For this purpose, a paradigm of empirical comparative descriptive and cross sectional research is developed. 1,028 students Method: 280 students were a stratified sample; who belong to the two participant programs; 5 % percent level (the margin of error) with 95 % percent level/a confidence level). Academic Burnout Syndrome inventory (MBI-SS) was applied to those students, and it was validated for this study. ANOVA statistical test for the respective variance analysis by groups was used in order to get the results. Results: results showed a low and medium level of emotional exhaustion and cynicism but a high level of self-efficacy with significant differences in relation to semester, grade average, exhausting semester, program and faculty were evident. Students from dentistry, medicine, environmental, engineering and system program and faculty showed greater physical and mental - emotional exhaustion than the others. It is concluded that emotional exhaustion and cynicism level is differ ent according to gender and career path among the student groups.
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Abstract Recent research has found that psychological flexibility, the key construct of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of mental health and behavioral effectiveness, is related to, and longitudinally predicts, a wide range of work-related outcomes. Less research, however, has been dedicated to explore the role of psychological flexibility as a protecting factor for the development of burnout syndrome. The current study examined whether: (a) general psychological flexibility and work-related psychological flexibility accounted for additional variance in burnout symptoms relative to work factors and other work-related constructs such as work engagement, work satisfaction, and psychological empowerment; and (b) work-related psychological flexibility moderated the relationship between exhaustion and cynicism. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 Spanish workers from different companies who completed questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that psychological flexibility and work-related psychological flexibility accounted for additional variance in burnout symptoms. The moderator analysis showed that the relationship between exhaustion and cynicism was higher among participants with low levels of work-related psychological flexibility as compared to participants with high levels. These results suggest that interventions aiming to increase psychological flexibility might prevent the development of burnout syndrome.
Resumen La investigación ha mostrado que la flexibilidad psicológica, el constructo central del modelo de salud mental y eficacia conductual de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT), está relacionada y predice longitudinalmente un amplio rango de variables relacionadas con el trabajo. Menor grado de investigación se ha dedicado a explorar el rol de la flexibilidad psicológica como factor protector del desarrollo del síndrome de burnout. El presente estudio analizó si: (a) la flexibilidad psicológica general y la flexibilidad psicológica relacionada con el trabajo explicaban varianza adicional de los síntomas de burnout comparado con factores laborales y constructos como compromiso laboral, satisfacción laboral y empoderamiento psicológico; y (b) la flexibilidad psicológica relacionada con el trabajo moderaba la relación entre agotamiento y cinismo. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 209 trabajadores españoles de diferentes empresas que completaron cuestionarios que miden los constructos de interés. El análisis de regresión jerárquica mostró que la flexibilidad psicológica general y la flexibilidad psicológica relacionada con el trabajo explicaron varianza adicional de los síntomas de burnout. El análisis de moderación mostró que la relación entre agotamiento y cinismo fue mayor entre los participantes con niveles bajos de flexibilidad psicológica relacionada con el trabajo comparado con los participantes con niveles altos. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones que tienen como objetivo incrementar la flexibilidad psicológica podrían prevenir el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Acceptance and Commitment TherapyABSTRACT
As grandes narrativas comunitárias que veiculavam as tradições deram lugar a uma multiplicidade de pequenos pactos acordados entre pares. Configurados como tribos, munidos de uma retórica própria, os neuróticos aproveita ram para sair em defesa da universalização de modos particulares de gozo por meio do desmentido banal , artifício que franqueia, de uma só vez, a castração e a satisfação irrestrita da pulsão. Desta forma, o que nas neuroses clássicas é do campo do conflito e da formação dos sintomas, em alguns casos encontra uma solução distinta, que faz com que a empatia, a vergonha e a moralidade coexistam em harmonia com a violência, a obscenidade e a impulsividade
Les grands récits communautaires qui transmettaient les traditions ont donné lieu à une multiplicité de petits pactes formés entre pairs. Organisés en tribus, munis de leur propre rhétorique, les névrotiques en ont profité pour défendre l'universalisation des modes particuliers de jouissance par un démenti banal , un artifice qui permet, à la fois, de la castration et de la satisfaction illimitée de la pulsion. De cette façon, ce qui, dans les névroses classiques, appartient au champ du conflit et de la formation des symptômes, dans ces cas, trouve une solution distincte, ce qui fait que l'empa thie, la honte et la morale coexistent en harmonie avec la violence, l'obscénité et l'impulsivité
Large community narratives that transmitted the traditions gave way to a multiplicity of small pacts agreed between pairs. Configured as tribes, equipped with a r hetoric of their own, the neurotics took the opportunity to come out in defense of the universalization of particular modes of enjoyment through basic denial, an artifice that franchises, at one time, the castration and the unrestricted pulsion satisfactio n. Thus, what in classic neuroses is the field of conflict and the formation of symptoms, in some cases finds a distinct solution, which makes empathy, shame and morality coexist in harmony with violence, obscenity and impulsivity
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Humans , Denial, Psychological , Psychoanalysis , ViolenceABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o cinismo enquanto metáfora da cultura na atualidade. Buscamos estudá-lo em seus aspectos histórico-sociais e em suas relações com a economia libidinal dos sujeitos. Trata-se de pesquisa teórica, fundamentada na Psicanálise, desde Freud e em Fábio Herrmann, autor que nos permitiu realizar a recuperação do método psicanalítico na análise da cultura contemporânea. A partir das leituras realizadas, verificamos que a racionalidade cínica é modo de funcionamento das estruturas de sociabilidade que aparecem em processos de crise de legitimação e erosão das normas da vida social. O desempenho erótico das subjetividades encontra-se alinhado com as condições econômicas e sociais, o que implica em uma nova economia libidinal dos sujeitos, no âmbito do capitalismo cínico.
This work aimed at analyzing cynicism as a metaphor of contemporary culture. We seek to study it in its historical-social aspects and in its relations with the subjects' libidinal economy. It is a theoretical research, based on Psychoanalysis, from Freud and Fábio Herrmann, the author who allowed us to realize the recovery of the psychoanalytic method in the analysis of contemporary culture. From the readings, we verify that cynical rationality is the mode of functioning of the structures of sociability that appear in processes of a crisis of legitimation and erosion of norms of social life. The erotic performance of subjectivities is aligned with economic and social conditions, which implies a new libidinal economy of the subjects, within the framework of cynical capitalism.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el cinismo como metáfora de la cultura en la actualidad. Buscamos estudiarlo en sus aspectos histórico-sociales y en sus relaciones con la economía libidinal de los sujetos. Se trata de una investigación teórica, basada en la Psicoanálisis, desde Freud y en Fábio Herrmann, autor que nos permitió realizar la recuperación del método psicoanalítico en el análisis de la cultura contemporánea. De las lecturas realizadas, verificamos que la racionalidad cínica es el modo de funcionamiento de las estructuras de sociabilidad que surgen en procesos de crisis de legitimación y erosión de las reglas de la vida social. El rendimiento erótico de las subjetividades se encuentra alineado a las condiciones económicas y sociales, lo que implica en una nueva economía libidinal de los sujetos, en el ámbito del capitalismo cínico.
Ce travail a eu l'objectif d'analyser le cynisme comme métaphore de la culture aujourd'hui. Nous recherchons étudier le cynisme dans ses aspects historiques et sociaux et dans ses relations avec l'économie libidinale des sujets. C'est une recherche théorique, basée dans la Psychanalyse, depuis Freud et à Fábio Herrmann, auteur qui nous a permis de réaliser la récupération de la méthode psychanalytique dans l'analyse de la culture contemporaine. D'après les lectures realisées, nous avons verifié que la rationalité cynique est une façon de fonctionnement des structures de sociabilité qui apparaissent dans les processus de crise de légitimité et de l'érosion des normes de la vie sociale. La performance érotique des subjectivités est alignée avec les conditions économiques et sociales, cela implique une nouvelle économie libidinale des sujets, dans le cadre du capitalisme cynique.
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Humans , Metaphor , Cultural CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Objective To examine how work stress influences somatization and work burnout, especially concerning for the difference between work load and interpersonal relationship stress in the correlation with work burnout. Methods Using cross-sectional design and questionnaire survey method, participants were 455 female nurses recruited from nine hospitals in Nanjing, China. Results The results revealed that work load and interpersonal relationship stress positively predicted somatization (βwork load=0.33,βinterpersonal relationship stres =0.22, P 0.05). Conclusions There are significant differences between work load and interpersonal relationship stress in the correlation with work burnout.
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BACKGROUND: As health care workers face a wide range of psychosocial stressors, they are at a high risk of developing burnout syndrome, which in turn may affect hospital outcomes such as the quality and safety of provided care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of job control on the relationship between workload and burnout. METHODS: A total of 352 hospital workers from five Italian public hospitals completed a self-administered questionnaire that was used to measure exhaustion, cynicism, job control, and workload. Data were collected in 2013. RESULTS: In contrast to previous studies, the results of this study supported the moderation effect of job control on the relationship between workload and exhaustion. Furthermore, the results found support for the sequential link from exhaustion to cynicism. CONCLUSION: This study showed the importance for hospital managers to carry out management practices that promote job control and provide employees with job resources, in order to reduce the burnout risk.