ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to evaluate the purifying ability of 3 parallel planted filters (PF1, PF2 and PF3) composed of three plants (Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Cyperus papyrus L.) on leachates from a landfill of industrial waste in Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo). This landfill site includes a technical landfill for ordinary industrial waste (OIW) and a technical landfill for hazardous and soiled industrial waste (SIW). In order to assess purifying ability, we sampled 14 samples over 8 weeks, with 7 samples of the raw leachates from the technical landfill center, and 7 samples of leachates cleaned after passing through the tryptic vegetable filter. The physico-chemical analyzes made it possible to determine the following parameters: TOC, COD, NO3-,PO42-, Ni, Cd, CrVI, Zn, Cu and Pb. The results showed a significant decrease in organic pollution with abatement rates in TOC and COD greater than 90%. The average removal efficiency is respectively 45.97% for nitrates and 40.2% for phosphates. The abatement rates for heavy metals range from 41.2% to 60.9% for nickel, from 52.2% to 68.5 % for cadmium, from 49% to 71.7% for chromium VI, from 59% to 74.6% for zinc, from 50.9 % to 65 % for copper and from 61.4% to 75.1% for lead. However, additional analyzes are needed to confirm the hypperaccumulator nature of these plant filters in particular absorption isotherms and kinetics of extraction of heavy metals of Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Cyperus papyrus L.)
ABSTRACT
Essential oils hydrodistilled from the rhizomes of Cyperus papyrus L. growing wild in two localities (KwaDlangezwa and Richards Bay) of uMhlathuze City, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa has been studied. The major components of KwaDlangezwa oil were caryophyllene oxide (12.7 percent), cyperene (10.2 percent) and 1,8-cineole (8.4 percent). The oil of Richards Bay comprised mainly of caryophyllene oxide (24.4 percent), humulene epoxide II (13.2 percent), aristolene (9.1 percent) and aromadendrene epoxide II (7.3 percent). The antibacterial activity of the oils was assayed using agar-disc diffusion and broth-microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed that the oil samples inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983 and ATCC 6538), with MIC of 1.25 and 0.31 mg/mL for each oil. Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212; MIC of 1.25 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983; MIC of 1.25 mg/mL for both oils). Only the Richard Bay oil showed activity against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus with MIC of 1.25mg/mL, respectively.
Los aceites esenciales hidrodestilados de los rizomas de Cyperus papyrus L., que crecen en dos localidades (KwaDlangezwa y Bahía Richard) de la ciudad de uMhlathuze, la provincia KwaZulu-Natal, de Sudafrica han sido estudiados. Los mayores componentes del aceite de KwaDlangezwa fueron óxido de cariofileno (12,7 por ciento), cipereno (10,2 por ciento) y 1,8-cineol (8,4 por ciento). El aceite de la bahía de Richard consistió principalmente cariofileno (24,4 por ciento), epóxido II de humuleno (13,2 por ciento), aristoleno (9,1 por ciento) y epóxido II de aromandreno (7,3 por ciento). La actividad antibacterial de los aceites fueron ensayados utilizando la difusión en discos de agar y el método de microdilución en caldo. La concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) reveló que las muestras inhibieron el crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983 y ATCC 6538), con una MIC de 1,25 y 0,31 mg/ml de cada aceite. Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212; CMI de 1,25 y 0.6 mg/mL, respectivamente) y Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983; CMI de 1,25 mg/mL para ambos aceites). Solo el aceite de la bahía Richard mostró actividad contra Bacillus cereus y Bacillus pumilis con CMI de 1,25 mg/mL, respectivamente.