ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate a novel polyherbal formulation (BSVT) containing the standardized extracts from the leaves of Boerhavia diffusa, Solidago virgaurea, Vitex negundo, and thymoquinone in CCl4 induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Methods: A total of 36 rats were divided into six groups including normal control, CCl4 (2 mL/kg, i.p.), CCl4 (2 mL/kg, i.p.) + Cystone? (750 mg/kg p.o.), CCl4 (2 mL/kg, i.p.) + BSVT (25 mg/kg, p.o.), CCl4 (2 mL/kg, i.p.) + BSVT (50 mg/kg, p.o.), and CCl4 (2 mL/kg, i.p.) + BSVT (100 mg/kg, p.o.). All treatments were given for four weeks. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total protein, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were assessed. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated in tissue homogenate. The histopathological study of liver and kidney tissues was also done. Results: Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly elevated (P<0.001) while total protein was considerably reduced in the CCl4 group as compared to the normal control (P<0.001), which indicated hepatorenal toxicity. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly decreased (P<0.001) while malondialdehyde levels were increased markedly (P<0.001). Treatment with BSVT formulation recovered these parameters towards a normal level in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: BSVT formulation ameliorates the hepatorenal toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, clinical studies are required to confirm its efficacy.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate a novel polyherbal formulation (BSVT) containing the standardized extracts from the leaves of Boerhavia diffusa, Solidago virgaurea, Vitex negundo, and thymoquinone in CCl
ABSTRACT
Ethylene-glycol (EG) induced nephrolithiasis is a known model of kidney stone in experimental rodents.Nephrolithiasis is treatable with an antilithiatic and lithotriptic drug. Decoction of Crinum giganteum Andrews(CG) bulb, a medicinal herb is used in folklore medicine to manage urinary tract diseases including kidney stone.The antilithiatic effects of Crinum giganteum Andrews bulb extract was investigated using biochemical andhistological parameters on ethylene-glycol nephrolithiatic rat model and compared with cystone (a knownantilithiatic drug). Twenty rats were randomized into a control group (N=4) which received water (vehicle) andexperimental groups (N-16) that received 1% ethylene-glycol in water and subdivided into negative control (only1% EG in drinking water) and treatment groups which were given 200mg/kg/bw, 400mg/kg/bw of ethanolic bulbextracts of CG and 100mg/kg/bw of cystone orally for 21 days. The EG elevated urinary and serum calcium,protein and creatinine, and reduced magnesium concentrations. These were accompanied by microcrystal depositsin kidney sections. But, the ethanolic bulb extract and cystone treatments reversed the above biochemical andhistopathological effects. The ethanolic bulb extract of CG exhibited comparable antilithiatic effect with cystoneon ethylene-glycol-induced nephrolithiasis. Thus, the extract showed positive indication of its use in folkloremedicine.
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Objectives: The plant Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Family: Bignoniaceae is used in traditional medical practices of Africa and India to treat various diseases including renal disorders. The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of K. africana fruit extract (KAFE) for in-vitro anti-urolithic activity on generated calcium-oxalate crystals. Method: The aqueous and alcoholic (ethanolic) extracts of fruits were tested for anti-urolithiatic potential on generated calcium-oxalate crystals by homogenous precipitation method and simultaneously a supporting two step vice-versa reactions were assessed (New method). The activity was assessed by studying the crystal dissolution by microscopy and quantitative alimental ions analysis for calcium and oxalates. Result: They exhibited significant activity when compared to standard drug Cystone- a poly herbal formulation. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly decreased (p < 0.001) crystal size and increased calcium and oxalate concentration in reaction setup of all tested groups as compared to normal control. Simultaneously a supporting two step vice-versa reaction was assessed that have shown significant inhibition of crystal formation. Conclusion: All the interpretations of various result outcomes direct the use of this drug for urolithiasis prophylaxis and treatments.
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Background: In spite of advances in the present practice of medicine, the formation and growth of calculi continues to trouble mankind, as there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. In India, many indigenous drugs are in use for the treatment of urinary calculus disease. Objective: The present study was intended to determine anti-urolithiatic effect of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder (LSFP) against sodium oxalate (NaOx) induced urolithiasis in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were grouped as Vehicle Group (received vehicle gum acacia 2% w/v 1 mL/kg/p.o.), NaOx Group(Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg,i.p.), LSFP Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. LSFP suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg), Cystone Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. Cystone suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg). Result: The increased severity of microscopic calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals deposition along with increased concentration in the kidney was seen after 7 days of NaOx (70 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment. LSFP (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard marketed formulation Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) caused a signifi cant reversal of NaOx-induced changes in ion excretion and urinary CaOx concentration in 7 days treatment. Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that LSFP showed benefi cial effect against urolithiasis by decreasing CaOx excretion and preventing crystal deposition in the kidney tubules.
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Achyranthes aspera in preventing and reducing the growth of calcium oxalate stones in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiatic model. Hyperoxaluria was induced in rats using ethylene glycol (EG, 0.4%) and ammonium chloride (1%) for 15 days and was then replaced with EG (0.4%) only. Upon administration of cystone (750 mg/kg body wt.), aqueous extract of A. aspera (500 and 1000 mg/kg body wt.), levels of renal injury markers (lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were normalized with a decrease in serum urea and serum creatinine. Concurrent treatment reduced changes in the architecture of renal tissue and also decreased the size of crystals thereby helping in quick expulsion of the crystals. The present results indicated that Achyranthes aspera had an ability to maintain renal functioning and reduced renal injury.