Association of 22 cytokine gene polymorphisms with tuberculosis in Macedonians.

Objective: To examine the possible role of 22 cytokine gene polymorphisms in host susceptibility to or protection against tuberculosis (TB) in Macedonians. Method: 301 healthy unrelated individuals and 75 patients with pulmonary TB were studied. Cytokine genotyping was performed by PCR with sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) (Heidelberg kit). Results: TNF-Ü -238/G, IL-1R psti1970/C, IL-1â +3962/T:T, IL-4 -1098/ T:T, IFNã utr5644/A:A, IL-10 -1082/G:G, IL- 4 -590/C:C, IL-10/ATC, IL-4/TCT, IL-4/TCC, IL-10/ATC:GCC, IL-4/TCT:TTT, IL-4/TCC:TTC, IL-10/GCC:GCC and IL-4/TCC:TCC were positively associated with TB, while protective association was identified for IL-4 -1098/G, IL-1â +3962/C, IFNã utr5644/T, IL-1â +3962/C:T, IL-4 -1098/G:T, IL-4 -590/C:T, IFNã utr5644/A:T, IL-4/GCC, IL-4/TTC and IL-4/GCC:TTC. Conclusion: These results suggest that some cytokine polymorphisms are significantly associated and affect host susceptibility/resistance to TB in Macedonians.

Polymorphism of IL-1beta; IL-1Ra, TNF-alpha Cytokine Genes in Korean Patients with Glomerulonephritis / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGOUND: Recently it has been reported that several cytokine gene polymorphisms regulate cytokine production and play an important role in immune and inflammatory response. We evaluated IL-1beta IL-1Ra, and TNF-alpha gene polymorphism in patients with primary glomerulonephritis to determine the association between cytokine polymorphism and disease susceptibility. METHODS: In this study, we enrolled 118 patients with primary glomerulonephritis and healthy 300 persons who had visited the health screening center. We analyzed -511C/T polymorphism of IL-1beta tandem repeats polymorphism in intron 2 of IL-1Ra and -308G/A polymorphism of TNF-alpha We classified primary glomerulonephritis according to pathologic finding and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: There were no differences with IL-1betaand TNF-alpha gene polymorphism between patient and control group. The carriage of IL1RN*2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of primary glomerulonephritis (patients:control=12.75:5.4%, p<0.01). IL1RN*2 was significantly frequent in patients with membranous GN or minimal change disease (p<0.05). When we classified glomerulonephritis according to clinical diagnosis, IL1RN*2 carriage rate was higher in patients with nephrotic syndrome and RPGN or acute nephritic syndrome than patients with asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (p<0.05). IL-1beta(TT) genotype was more prevalent in acute glomerulonephritis (68.4%) than asymptomatic urinary abnormalities or other glomerulonephritis. TNF2 carriage rate showed a lower tendency in patients with asymptomatic urinary abnormalities. CONCLUSION: IL1RN*2 is significantly associated with an increased risk of development of primary glomerulonephritis. We suggest cytokine gene polymorphism is also related to clinical manifestations of glumerulonephritis.

Association of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Gene Polymorphism with End-Stage Kidney Failure / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: It is evident that cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis as well as the progression of renal diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cytokine gene polymorphism is a marker of susceptibility to end-stage kidney failure (ESKF) in Korean populations. METHODS: -308 G/A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene was genotyped in 257 dialysis patients and 277 age-matched healthy controls, 86 NIDDM patients with kidney failure and 102 NIDDM controls without nephropathy. RESULTS: We found a decreased frequency of TNF-alpha allele 2 (TNF2, 2.9%) in ESKF patients compared to healthy controls (7.5%, p<0.05). We also found a decreased frequency of TNF-alpha allele 2 (TNF2, 2.3%) in NIDDM patients with kidney failure compared to NIDDM controls without nephropathy (7.6%, p<0.05). The carriage rate of TNF2 was significantly lower in NIDDM patients with kidney failure than in NIDDM controls without nephropathy (4.4% vs. 13.2%, p<0.05). In addition, allele frequency of TNF2 were remarkably different from those previously reported, indicating a significant ethnic difference. CONCLUSION: There is a significant ethnic difference in the polymorphism of TNF-alpha gene. The non-carriage TNF2 was more prevalent in the kidney failur group. But, we could not determine any association between the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism and the development of kidney failure.