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Abstract Aromatic L-Amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare neurometabolic disorder due to a homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variant of the DDC gene, resulting in low synthesis of the biogenic amines dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Most patients had severe expression of the disease with global developmental delay, early hypotonia, movement disorders such as oculogyric crises, tremor, and dystonia. Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is rarely recognized in patients with AADC deficiency. The aim of this study was to describe OMD in detail in 4 patients with AADC deficiency. OMD occurred in isolated form or in association with oculogyric crises, increasing the difficulty in care patients during the crises. The main form of OMD was tongue dystonia associated with mouth opening dystonia. AADC deficiency must be included in the list of genetic causes of OMD.
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Objective: To investigate the application characteristics of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 31 hospitals in Wuhan ar-ea from 2014 to 2016 to provide reference for the clinical rational use. Methods: The utilization of PPIs in 31 hospitals in Wuhan area from 2014 to 2016 was statistically analyzed by drug types and dosage form in terms of consumption sum, DDDs, DDC, and consump-tion ranking (B)/DDDs ranking (A), etc. Results: The consumption sum and DDDs of PPIs were rising year by year. As for the dos-age form, the most commonly used one was oral preparation, however, the percent of injection kept high level. Among the different PPIs, oral poptolazole and lansorazole for injection were with the fastest increase in consumption sum and DDDs, while the consumption sum and DDDs of omeprazole for injection significantly decreased. The DDDs of oral poptolazole ranked first in the continuous three years with the B/A value much higher than 1. 0. The synchronicity was good for most of PPIs and the DDC was decreasing year by year. Moreover, PPIs were dominated by domestic products except for esomeprazole. Conclusion: The use of PPIs in 31 hospitals in Wuhan area from 2014 to 2016 was basically reasonable. However, some potential irrational application in clinic may still exist. There-fore, the application monitoring for PPIs should be further strengthened to promote rational drug use in clinics.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization and trend of endocrine therapeutic drugs after breast cancer surgery,and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,the data of endocrine therapeutic drugs use in outpatients after breast cancer in a Third Grade Class A Hospital during 2014-2016 was calculated,sorted and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The age of outpatients receiving endocrine therapy after breast cancer ranged from ＞40 to 60. Among endocrine therapeutic drugs used within 3 years,3 kinds of them were aromatase inhibitor(AI),3 kinds were anti-estrogen and 2 kinds were gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)analogues. The amount of Toremifene citrate tablets(imported)in prescription was much more than the others. The proportion of anti-estrogen drugs alone in prescription was the highest(81.11%). The AI and GnRH analogues were mostly used in drug combination prescription,and commonly combined with anti-osteoporosis drugs. The comsuption sum of endocrine therapeutic drugs was increased year by year,increasing by 52.48% in 2015,40.60% in 2016. The consumption sum of AI ranked the highest proportion among three categories of endocrine drugs(44.71%,48.62%,48.62%,each year respectively). The consumption sum of imported drugs was significantly higher than that of domestic drugs. The consumption sum of Toremifene citrate tablets(imported)increased continuously in 3 years,and took the first place in 2016. The consumption sum of Leuprorelin acetate microspheres for injection(imported)had the largest growth rate when applied to the clinic. Top types in the list of DDC were all imported types;Fulvestrant injection(imported)ranked top 1,and Tamoxifen citrate tablet(domestic) was the bottom of the list. DDDs of endocrine therapeutic drugs also increased year by year,among which Toremifene citrate tablets,Tamoxifen citrate tablets,Anastrozole tablets and Letrozol tablets ranked top 4 places during the 3 years,while Tamoxifen citrate tablets DDDs decreased year by year. B/A values of these drugs were between 0.25 and 9.00. B/A values of domestic varieties were basically more than or equal to 1,of which Tamoxifen citrate tablets was the largest;B/A values of the imported varieties were basically less than or equal to 1. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum of endocrine therapeutic drugs after breast cancer surgery increased year by year in 3 years,and DDDs is also increasing year by year. The imported drugs took up the dominant place. Toromiphene citrate tablets had replaced Tamoxifen citrate tablets as the first choice of endocrine therapeutic drugs in the hospital. The frequency of AI and GnRH analogues use had also increased. And the combination of 2 kinds of endocrine therapeutic drugs and endocrine therapeutic drugs combined with anti-osteoporosis drug had become a trend of clinical treatment. The choice of therapeutic drugs should take into account of effectiveness,safety,economics,cost and therapeutic efficacy,so as to guarantee the greatest benefit of the patient.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization and trend of bisphosphonates drugs in patients with bone metastasis of breast cancer from Zhejiang province,so as to provide reference for the further promotion of their rational use. METHODS:The utilization of this type of drugs in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 was analyzed statistically,counted and ranked by using the method of cost ranking analysis and DDDs analysis in the respect of amount,DDDs,DDC,etc. RESULTS:The amount of bisphosphonates drugs was increased steadily in 6 years(increasing greatly in 2011),increased by 96.26% in 2015,compared to 2010. Top 3 drugs in the list of amount were Zoledronic acid for injection(imported),Zoledronic acid for injection(domestic)and Pamidronate disodium for injection. Among them,Zoledronic acid for injection(imported)basically showed an upward trend,while Pamidronate disodium for injection showed decline trend. Top 3 drugs in the list of DDDs were Zoledronic acid for injection(domestic),Zoledronic acid for injection(imported)and Pamidronate disodium for injection;DDDs of Zoledronic acid for injection(domestic)and Zoledronic acid for injection(imported)were generally on the rise,while that of Pamidronate disodium for injection showed an overall downward trend. B/A value of bisphosphonates ranged 0.33-2.00,among which B/A value of Zoledronic acid for injection(domestic)was 2.00 and that of Zoledronic acid for injection(imported)was 0.50 during 2012-2015. The first and second drugs in the list of DDC were Clodronate disodium for injection and Zoledronic acid for injection(imported). CONCLUSIONS:The total amount of bisphosphonates drugs in patients with bone metastasis of breast cancer from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 was increased steadily. Some varieties of second and third generation bisphosphonates with definite curative effect,good safety and reasonable price are dominant in clinical use. The selection and use of bisphosphonates is basically reasonable,but price is still the primary factor restricting the further wide application of some varieties.
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Objective: To investigate the utilization of adjuvant drugs in the secondary hospitals from Xi'an, and to provide reference for rational use of adjuvant drugs.Methods: The utilization of adjuvant drugs of the top 20-ranked drugs in 32 secondary hospitals from Xi'an during 2013 and 2015 was analyzed statistically in respects of total consumption sum of adjuvant drugs, the proportion of adjuvant drugs sum, the consumption sum, DDDs and DDC of each adjuvant drug, and adverse drug reaction.Results: The total consumption sum and the proportion of adjuvant drugs sum increased year by year from 2013 to 2015.13 kinds of adjuvant drugs were included in top 20 in the list of total consumption sum from more than 3 hospitals in three years.Danhong injection, shuxuening injection, xueshuantong injection, xueshuantong injection, xuesaitong injection, deproteinized calf blood serum injection took up the front in the list of consumption sum and DDDs in 3 years.The cases of adjuvant drugs-induced ADR increased year by year.Conclusion: At present, adjuvant drugs become the important part of clinical drug use in this area.The consumption sum and amount is increasing rapidly.Great importance should be attached to the rational administration and safety use of the adjuvant drugs to control the unreasonable increase of drug expenses.
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Objective: To investigate the utilization status of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and to analyze the use rationality.Methods: The doctor's advice in 40 days annually was collected in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and the drug consumption, frequency of utilization (DDDs), defined daily cost (DDC) and drug utilization index (DUI) were analyzed for the patients with lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI.Results: Icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib were the three prevalent EGFR-TKIs used in Zhejiang province, and icotinib started to be used in clinics in 2013.The overall cost of EGFR-TKIs increased year by year during 2009 and 2015, and the total amount of sales increased by 4.67 times in 2015 when compared with that in 2009.Generally, the DDDs value of erlotinib showed a decreasing trend, however, that of icotinib and gefitinib rose year by year during 2009 and 2015.Erlotinib had the highest DDC followed by gefitinib and icotinib.The mean value of DUI of the three targeted drugs was about 1.Conclusion: The utilization of EGFR-TKI is reasonable in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province with increasing comsuption.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.
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Objective To analyze the current situation and tendency of the application of narcotics in surgical pharmacy in our hospital from 2014 to 2016,and to evaluate them. Methods The usage and sales of narcotics data and the operation volume were collected by His system of our hospital and statistically analyzed. Results The drug usage and sales of narcotics and operation volume were increased year by year. DDDs of sufentanil was ranked in second in 2014 and 2015 ,and rose to first in 2016.DDDs of fentanyl(0.5mg) was ranked in first in 2014 and 2015,and declined to third in 2016.DDDs of remifentanil third in 2014 and 2015 rose to second in 2016. Remifentanil and sufentanil were ranked in top two in DDC. Conclusion The usage of narcotics in surgical pharmacy of our hospital is reasonable.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of adjuvant drugs in the clinic.METHODS:By retrospective method,the utilization of top 10 adjuvant in the list of consumption sum and DDDs in our hospital during 2013-2015 were analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC,B/A,etc.RESULTS:During 2013-2015,the consumption sum of adjuvant drugs in our hospital increased from 32 959 000 yuan to 42 436 500 yuan,and its proportion in total consumption sum increased from 31.28％ to 35.22％.The top 10 adjuvant dosage forms in the list of consumption sum were injection,and varieties included activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis,nerve nutrition,immunoregulation drugs.The consumption sum fluctuated but was on the increase in general.Top 10 adjuvant drug types in the list of DDDs were mainly drugs for enhancing tissue metabolism,vitamins,nerve nutrition,activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis.In terms of DDC,main dosage form was injection;B/A of these drugs was poor and drug price was in high level.CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested to standardize the utilization of adjuvant drugs,so as to promote the effective,economical and rational use of drugs.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the use of TCM national essential medicines in our hospital, so as to provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS: The variety number, consumption sum and constituent ratio, defined daily dose system(DDDs), defined daily cost(DDC)and drug use distribution in departments of TCM national essential medicines in our hospital were statistic analyzed during 2013-2015. RESULTS: The variety number of TCM national essential medicines were relatively stable in our hospital, but the consumption sum and proportion showed a downward trend year by year. The consumption sum and DDDs of essential medicines changed less during 3 years, and the drug with large sales amount were relatively fixed, which showed that the clinical selection of essential medicines were relatively centralized, and the category and DDDs continuity of essential medicines was fairly good. The concentration ratio of TCM essential drug use were lower in clinical departments, and the consumption sum ratio were lower in TCM department. CONCLUSION: We must pay more attention to the rational use of essential medicines, and formulate relevant policies and measures to encourage clinical use essential medicines preferentially.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic drugs used in our hospital,and to provide refer-ence for scientific management and rational use of narcotic drugs. METHODS:The utilization of narcotic drugs in our hospital dur-ing 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in terms of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of narcotic drugs in our hospital increased year by year,mainly injection. Both consumption sum and DDDs of Sufentanil ci-trate injection took up the first place during 2013-2015,Morphine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl citrate injec-tion took up 2nd and 3rd place in the list of DDDs. Top 3 drugs in the list of DDC were Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-re-lease tablets(40 mg),Remifentanil hydrochloride for infection(2 mg)and Sufentanil citrate injection. B/A of Sufentanil citrate in-jection,Morphine hydrochloride tablets and Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets(10 mg)were all close to 1.0, showing good synchronization of economic and social benefits. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum of narcotic drugs in our hospital has increased year by year. The utilization and management of narcotic drugs is basically in line with related standard and treatment criteria,but the management of narcotic drugs still need to be strengthened in the future.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic drugs used in our hospital,and to provide refer-ence for scientific management and rational use of narcotic drugs. METHODS:The utilization of narcotic drugs in our hospital dur-ing 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in terms of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of narcotic drugs in our hospital increased year by year,mainly injection. Both consumption sum and DDDs of Sufentanil ci-trate injection took up the first place during 2013-2015,Morphine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl citrate injec-tion took up 2nd and 3rd place in the list of DDDs. Top 3 drugs in the list of DDC were Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-re-lease tablets(40 mg),Remifentanil hydrochloride for infection(2 mg)and Sufentanil citrate injection. B/A of Sufentanil citrate in-jection,Morphine hydrochloride tablets and Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets(10 mg)were all close to 1.0, showing good synchronization of economic and social benefits. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum of narcotic drugs in our hospital has increased year by year. The utilization and management of narcotic drugs is basically in line with related standard and treatment criteria,but the management of narcotic drugs still need to be strengthened in the future.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo and tendency of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015. METHODS:The prescriptions of breast cancer patients in 11 hospitals of Zhe-jiang province were analyzed retrospectively in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 increased from 2530192.33 yuan to 6201691.54 yuan,and its proportion in total consumption sum increased from 13.93％ to 17.40％,showing in-creasing tendency. The anastrozole always took up the first place in the list of consumption sum. Tamoxifen,anastrozole and letro-zole took up the top 3 places in the list of DDDs. Goserelin took up the first place in the list of DDC. CONCLUSIONS:The pre-scription amount and consumptionsum of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 show year-on-year growth trend;and those drugs which are safe,effective,economical and convenient predomi-nate in clinic.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of opioid analgesic drugs in a hospital,so as to provide reference for ra-tional drug use in clinic. METHODS:The utilization of opioid analgesic drugs in the hospital during 2014-2016 was analyzed and compared retrospectively in terms of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC,B/A,etc. RESULTS:Annual consumption sum of opioid an-algesic drugs in the hospital increased slightly in 2015,but decreased significantly in 2016. Fentany transdermal patches(8.4 mg), Oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets and Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection always took up the first 3 places in the list of DDDs. DDDs of Fentanyl citrate injection(0.1 mg)and Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets increased year by year;while DDDs of Fentany transdermal patches(4.2 mg)and Fentany transdermal patches(8.4 mg)decreased year by year. DDC of all opi-oid analgesic drugs decreased in 2016,with the cancel of drug price addition at the end of 2016. B/A values of most drugs were close to 1.0;while B/A value of Oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets(40 mg)was much less than 1.0,and that of Fentany transdermal patches(8.4 mg)and Oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets were significantly more than 1.0 for consecutive 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The variety and specifications of opioid analgesic drugs in the hospital is comprehensive during 2014-2016. The clinical utilization of opioid analgesic drugs is generally rational,but still needs to be supervised effectively and par-ticularly,so as to improve standard use of opioid andalgesic drugs.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of narcotic analgesics in the inpatients of our hospital,and to provide ref-erence for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:The application of narcotic analgesics in the inpatients of our hospital during 2013-2016 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:There were 13 kinds of narcotic analgesics in the inpatients of our hospital. Top 3 narcotic analgesics in the list of consumption sum were Fentany transder-mal patches (8.4 mg),Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets (20 mg) and Fentany transdermal patches (4.2 mg) in our hospital during 2013-2016. Top 2 drugs in the list of DDDs were Fentany transdermal patches(4.2 mg)and Fentany transder-mal patches (8.4 mg). DDC of Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets (10,20 mg) ranged 350-370 yuan,taking up first or second place. B/A of Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets(10,20 mg)was<0.50,those of Bucinnazine hy-drochloride injection and Compound platycodon tablets were >1.50;those of other drugs mostly ranged 0.50-1.50. CONCLU-SIONS:The consumption trend of narcotic analgesics varies rarely in our hospital during 2013-2016,and the clinical use of narcot-ic analgesics is basically rational. Morphine sustained-release tablet and Fentany transdermal patch have become the first choice for pain treatment.
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Aim To investigate the role of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2),dopa-decarboxylase (DDC)and monoamine oxidase-A(MAO-A)in depression-like be-haviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly di-vided into model group(MG)and control group(CG). Rat depression model was developed by CUS for 28 consecutive days in a solitary condition.The depres-sion-like behaviors of rats were evaluated by open-field test(OFT)and forced-swimming test(FST).The real time PCR and Western blot test were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus.Re-sults The movement scores of rats were obviously de-creased in OFT(P<0.01 ).The immobility time was obviously increased in FST (P <0.01 ).The mRNA and protein expressions of TPH2 and DDC were de-creased significantly (P <0.01,P <0.05 )and the MAO-A mRNA and protein expressions were increased significantly(P <0.01,P <0.05 )in telencephalon and hippocampus of MG rats, when compared with those in CG rats.Conclusion The TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus were closely related with the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational utilization of antibiotics for special use. METHODS:Medical orders of antibiotics for special use in clinical departments of our hospital during 2013 to 2015 were selected from hospital information sys-tem. The consumption sum and its ratio,DDDs,DDC,DUI and the utilization of antibiotics for special use in clinical departments were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS:The consumption sum and its ratio of antibiotics for special use in our hospital during 2013 to 2015 both reduced year by year,decreasing from 21 872 200 yuan(48.00%)to 20 877 700 yuan(39.41%). The consump-tion sum ratio of carbapenems,cephalosporins and anti-deep fungal drugs showed descending tendency. The consumption sum ratio of anti-MRSA antibiotics changed slightly. DDDs of Meropenem for injection always took up the first place in recent 3 years,but the values were decreasing. DUI of Imipenem and cilastain sodium for injection was far less than 1,while those of Panipenem and betamipron for injection,Cefepime sodium for injection and Caspofungin acetate for injection(70 mg/injection)were far more than 1. The types of drug with DUI ranged 0.9-1.1 increased year by year,increasing from 3 types in 2013 (18.75%) to 10 types in 2015 (62.50%). Within 3 years, the utilization ratio of antibiotics for special use always took up the first place in ICU (86.64%-87.78%). CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum and its ratio of antibiotics for special use in our hospital during 2013 to 2015 decreased year by year,and the utilization of antibiotics for special use become increasingly rational. But,there still are some problems,such as inadequate dose of Imipenem and cilastain sodium for injection,overdose of Panipenem and betamipron for injection,Cefepime sodium for injection and Caspofungin acetate for injection(70 mg/injection).
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting rational drug use and formulating medication policy by health ad-ministrative department. METHODS:The utilization of top 20 adjuvant drugs in the list of consumption sum in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area during 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in respects of total consumption sum and constituent ratio,the con-sumption sum of single type,DDDs,DDC,ADR,etc. RESULTS:The total consumption sum and the proportion of adjuvant drugs in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area increased year by year from 2013 to 2015,accounting for 8.43%,10.25% and 12.20%,respectively. 13 kinds of adjuvant drugs were included in top 20 in the list of total consumption sum from more than 3 hospitals. Deproteinised calf blood serum injection,Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection took up the first 4 places in the list of consumption sum,and Salvianolate for injection took up the first 3 place during 2014-2015. Alprostadil injection,Xueshuantong injection and Spleen peptide oral lyophilized powder took up the first 3 places in the list of DDDs. Spleen polypeptides injection, Yiqi fumai for injection and Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection took up the first 3 places in the list of DDC,and their DDC were 885.24,372.34 and 349.37 yuan. The incidence of adjuvant drugs-induced ADR increased year by year,increasing from 9.13% of 2013 to 13.49% of 2015. CONCLUSIONS:At present,adjuvant drugs become the important part of clinical drug use in Xi’an area. The consumption sum and amount is increasing rapidly. Great importance should be attached to the rational use and safety of adjuvant drugs so as to control the unreasonable increase of drug expenses.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injection in the clinic. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injections in 34 hospitals from Nanjing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum, DDDs,DDC. The occurrence of ADR induced by TCM injections was also analyzed statistically in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. RESULTS:The consumption sum of TCM injections in 34 hospitals from Nanjing area during 2012-2014 increased year by year;top 10 kinds of TCM injections mainly were anti-tumor drugs and cardio-cerebrovascular drugs in 2014,and each of them involved 4 categories and their consumption sum accounted for 46.08% and 32.59%,respectively. Total consumption sum of anti-tumor TCM injections increased slowly,while those of cardio-cerebrovascular drugs,antibiosis and anti-phlogosis increased rapidly. Lentinan injection steadily took up the top in the list of consumption sum and DDDs of single type,its DDC was the lowest and B/A=1.00. In the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,most of ADR was induced by Xiyanping injection (27 cases,45.00%). CONCLUSIONS:The type of TCM injections keep stable in 34 hospitals from Nanjing area during 2012-2014,mainly involving anti-tumor drugs and cardio-cerebrovascular drugs which were used widely. Clinic should strengthen dialectial therapy close monitoring and attch improtance to the rational use of TCM injections.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injection in the clinic. METHODS:In retrospective survey,the application of TCM injections in 3 hospitals from Changshu area during 2013-2015 were analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,annual growth rate,constituent ratio,DDDs,B/A,DDC,etc. RESULTS:During 2013-2015,in the sample hospitals,consumption sum of TCM injections in 2014 and 2015 declined by 5.27% and 15.92%,compared with last year. The proportion of consumption sum of TCM injections in total consumption sum were 4.40% in 2013,3.86% in 2014 and 3.13%in 2015. Top 3 TCM injections in the list of consumption sum and DDDs were blood activating and stasis eliminating drugs,the re-suscitation and reviving yang first aid class drugs and tonic drugs. The top single types in the list of consumption sum were Xing-naojing injection,Shuxuetong injection,Xuebijing injection,Shenmai injection and Xue shuantong for injection;the top single types in the list of DDDs were Shenmai injection,Reduning injection,Shuxuetong for injection,etc. B/A of Shenmai injection and Reduning injection were higher,while DDC of Xuebijing injection was the highest. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of TCM injec-tion is basically reasonable,and shows decreasing tendency in sample hospitals,but great importance should be attached to the safe-ty and effectiveness of TCM injections and reasonable choice.