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1.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 31(1): e1418, ene.-mar. 2020. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126348

ABSTRACT

La selección de una carrera u oficio constituye un momento trascendental en la vida de cualquier joven y su familia, pues de esto dependerá en buena medida su futuro. La orientación profesional ocupa un lugar vital en la enseñanza media y continúa en la propia formación profesional. Este trabajo se propuso valorar la orientación profesional recibida por los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Sistemas de Información en Salud en el curso 2018-2019 y proponer un sistema de acciones que permita mejorar la orientación profesional a los jóvenes. El diagnóstico aplicado a los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en cuanto a la información que habían recibido sobre la especialidad, el porqué de su selección, sus motivaciones y los deseos profesionales, permite afirmar que no poseían una buena orientación preprofesional. Las principales motivaciones para escoger la carrera de Sistemas de Información en Salud apuntaban a factores no acordes con la esencia de la especialidad y respondían a coyunturas no relacionadas en lo fundamental con los intereses, necesidades y amor por la profesión de las ciencias médicas y de la salud(AU)


Selecting a career or trade is a crucial step in the life of young people and their families, for their future will greatly depend on the choice they make. Career guidance plays a vital role in high school and goes on into professional training. The purpose of the study was to assess the career guidance received by students starting Health Information Systems studies in the school year 2018-2019, and propose a system of actions to improve the counseling provided to young people. Diagnostic assessment of freshmen in terms of the information they had received about the specialty, the reasons for their choice, their motivations and their professional expectations, revealed that the guidance they had received was not satisfactory. The main motivations to choose Health Information Systems studies had to do with factors not in keeping with the essence of the specialty, and responded to circumstances essentially unrelated to the interests, needs and love for medical and health sciences(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Counseling , Health Sciences , Professional Training
2.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 54(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-769391

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la falta de uniformidad en las competencias de cirugía mínimamente invasiva motivó la utilización de la evaluación diagnóstica para determinar los conocimientos previos que poseen los educandos de posgrado sobre este tema.Objetivo: constatar la validez y fiabilidad de los resultados que se obtuvieron con la prueba diagnóstica del entrenamiento "Intensivo en procedimientos laparoscópicos básicos". Métodos: se exploraron los niveles cognoscitivos de las dimensiones: sutura laparoscópica, disección del Triangulo de Calot en la colecistectomía laparoscópica, tratamiento de la litiasis coledociana y Apendicectomía Laparoscópica. Se aplicó un test de Verdadero o Falso a especialistas en Cirugía General, Pediátrica y Coloproctología. Se utilizó la consulta a expertos como fuente de evidencia de validez de contenido de la prueba y la fórmula de Kuder-Richardson 20 para determinar su coeficiente de fiabilidad. Resultados: se consideró apropiada la validez en la definición precisa del universo de contenido que se deseaba medir. El 75 por ciento de los ítems no se diseñaron apropiadamente por lo que no se acreditó la validez en el grado de suficiencia del ámbito que se deseaba evaluar. Conclusiones: no se constató la validez y fiabilidad de los resultados que se obtuvieron con la prueba diagnóstica del entrenamiento "Intensivo en procedimientos laparoscópicos básicos". Se perfeccionó el instrumento de evaluación diagnóstica de dicho entrenamiento a partir del análisis de la validez y fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos(AU)


Introduction: the lack of uniformity in basic skills of laparoscopic surgery led to the use of diagnostic assessment to determine prior knowledge level by graduate students. Objective: to prove the validity and reliability of the results obtained with the diagnostic test for students of "Basic laparoscopic procedures intensive training". Methods: there were explored the following cognitive dimensions: Laparoscopic suturing, dissection of Calot triangle in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Treatment of cholelithiasis and Laparoscopic appendectomy. A True or False Test was applied to specialists in General Surgery, Pediatric and Coloproctology. Consulting experts was considered as a source of evidence for content validity of the test and the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 was used to determine the reliability coefficient. Results: it was considered appropriated the validity in the definition of content, which was intended to measure. 75 percent of items were not appropriated designed, that's why validity in sufficiency's grade was not accredited. Conclusions: the diagnosed test for "Basic laparoscopic procedures intensive training" was improved like consequence of validity and fidelity's analysis from the obtained results(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Test Approval , Laparoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Clinical Competence
3.
Interdisciplinaria ; 31(1): 121-138, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734353

ABSTRACT

La Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano aplica el Examen de Clasificación en Matemáticas Básicas, como evaluación diagnóstica, a los aspirantes y estudiantes provenientes de transferencias internas o externas, cuyo plan de estudios precise conocimientos básicos de Aritmética y Algebra Elemental. Dicho examen favorece el análisis de las condiciones académicas de los admitidos y permite a la Universidad, ofrecer opciones apropiadas para cada caso particular, al mismo tiempo que al evaluado le proporciona la posibilidad de reconocer su nivel de apropiación del conocimiento de los dominios conceptuales requeridos. Consecuentemente con el carácter decisorio del Examen de Clasificación de Matemáticas Básicas, se examinó si los ítemes utilizados presentan funcionamiento diferencial, esto es, se analizó si la diferencia de habilidades entre los evaluados podría deberse a las variables de contexto seleccionadas: sexo, edad, naturaleza jurídica del colegio de procedencia y facultad en la que el aspirante tramita su ingreso. Para ello, se procesaron 1.623 cadenas de respuestas para 61 ítemes, obtenidas en las pruebas comprendidas entre el tercer período lectivo de 2011 y el primero de 2012. La metodología incluyó la implementación de tres técnicas: Contraste del DIF (diferencia entre los centros de dificultades), Contraste del DIF (diferencia entre los extremos más próximos para los intervalos de dificultad) y prueba estadística Mantel-Haenszel. La conjunción de estas técnicas permitió determinar un ítem con funcionamiento diferencial en categoría moderada a grande, para la variable edad. Finalmente, para este ítem se exhiben sus parámetros estadísticos y su curva característica, estimados en la calibración.


The following article presents an application of differential item functioning (DIF), using results obtained from the qualifying test developed by the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University and taken by students to classify them at a level of mathematical knowledge and to define an academic route for them based on their cognitive status shown on the test. The analysis is part of a perspective to estimate the difficulty and others characteristics of items, and the skills and level of students through the use of the Rasch model of the one parameter item response theory (IRT) and the parameters of a sample of 1623 students taking a test composed of 61 items. The article analyzes both the statistical performance of the items in terms of the parameters of item-test correlation, misfits (infit and outfit), and discrimination, as well as the behavior of the set of items depending on the construct validity or dimensionality, reliability, internal consistency, and separation parameters. A method is then shown to examine which items display DIF, associated with the conditions of the students' origin and not of their academic ability, which could lead to bias in the results of the test. The employed methods estimate the relative difficulty of each item, for students of similar ability but who belong to different groups, according to four variables studied: sex, age, intended major, and whether the high school of origin is public or private. The value of the difference in relative difficulty between the groups mentioned is associated with a level of DIF and recognizes whether the item in question has bias and which groups this bias is favoring. The difference in relative difficulty is graded in terms of severity according to three categories proposed by the Educational Testing Service: (1) moderate to large, if the difference in relative difficulty between groups (for students of similar ability) is greater than or equal to .64 logits, (2) small to moderate, if the difference is greater than or equal to .43 and less than .64 logits, and (3) not significant, if this difference is less than .43 logits. In order to validate the detection of DIF, the calculations are performed using three techniques. Two are chosen from those available in the literature and the third one is a proposal by the authors of this article to consider the size of the error in the estimations of difficulty difference. The three techniques used are: (1) the measurement of the difference between the core values of the difficulty intervals, ignoring the value of the estimation error, (2) the difference between the nearest extremes of the difficulty intervals, taking into account the estimation error, and (3) the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test. Regarding databases formed for the analysis, two aspects were considered: (1) chains of responses corresponding to missing data or especially small groups, which would not have allowed an effective and reliable comparison, were omitted, and (2) random samples with uniform distribution were selected to create groups of the same size for each study variable. The analysis with the technique of difference between core values showed that two items (34 and 59) displayed DIF with moderate to large severity, regarding the age variable for item 34 and the intended major and high school of origin variables for item 59. The technique about difference between the nearest extremes confirmed DIF with moderate to large severity for item 34, with respect to the age variable. The Mantel-Haenszel test detected DIF with moderate to large severity for items 13, 20, 34, and 61 for the age variable, and for items 4, 30, 36, 43, and 59 for the major variable.

4.
Univ. psychol ; 11(2): 99-610, jun.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-669324

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, ha existido una creciente demanda para que las pruebas estandarizadas de rendimiento académico brinden información de mayor utilidad para los procesos educativos, manteniendo las ventajas de su proceso técnico de elaboración, y agregando información diagnóstica cuyo objetivo sea mejorar las áreas evidenciadas como deficientes por los estudiantes. El presente artículo aboga por el método de representación del espacio de reglas (rule space) de Tatsuoka (1983, 2009) como una opción para incorporar los beneficios de la evaluación cognitiva diagnóstica a las prácticas actuales de evaluación. El artículo explica brevemente el proceso de resolución de problemas, según la teoría del procesamiento de la información; presenta las bases para el análisis de los ítems, con miras a la aplicación del método y lo expone con especial énfasis en la elaboración de la matriz Q, como modelo cognitivo que permite la interpretación de resultados, de tal manera que el desempeño en una prueba se pueda vincular con inferencias específicas acerca del conocimiento y las habilidades de los examinados.


Over the last years, there has been a growing demand for standardized achievement tests that provide useful information to educational processes, by adding diagnostic information to improve the students' deficient areas, while maintaining advantages in technical development. This paper advocates for Tatsuoka's rule space method (1983, 2009) as an option to incorporate the benefits of cognitive diagnostic assessment to current educational practices. The article briefly explains the process of problem solving according to some information processing theories, provides the basis for item analysis, and describes the rule space method with particular emphasis on the development of the Q matrix as a cognitive model that allows the interpretation of results. The aim of this method is to link performance on a test with specific inferences about the knowledge and skills of examinees.

5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 60(6): 580-583, nov.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-573787

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A sedação consciente na prática ambulatorial, embora comum, não é isenta de riscos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e a saturação periférica de oxigênio em pacientes submetidos à sedação consciente para endoscopia digestiva alta, realizada por médicos endoscopistas. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 105 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 18 anos, estado físico ASA I a III, submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta sob sedação consciente. Os pacientes foram monitorados com medidas de pressão arterial não invasiva, oximetria de pulso e frequência cardíaca, registradas antes, durante e após o exame. A sedação foi administrada com os fármacos midazolam e/ou meperidina. RESULTADOS: As variações de saturação de oxigênio, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca ao longo do tempo não foram estatisticamente significativas. Entretanto, observou-se incidência de hipóxia de 41,9 por cento; em 53,3 por cento dos casos, houve hipotensão arterial e taquicardia em 25,6 por cento. Os pacientes obesos demonstraram-se mais suscetíveis à hipóxia e à hipotensão que aqueles não obesos. CONCLUSÕES: A ocorrência de hipóxia e hipotensão arterial é comum nos exames de endoscopia digestiva alta sob sedação consciente quando utilizados midazolam e meperidina associados. Pacientes obesos demonstraram-se mais suscetíveis à hipoxemia e à hipotensão arterial.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conscious sedation in the ambulatory setting albeit common is not risk-free. The present study aimed at evaluating the blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation in patients submitted to conscious sedation for upper digestive endoscopy performed by endoscopists. METHODS: A total of 105 patients of both sexes were selected, aged 18 and older, physical status ASA I to III, submitted to upper digestive endoscopy under conscious sedation. The patients were monitored through noninvasive blood pressure measurements, pulse oximetry and heart rate recorded before, during and after the examination. The sedation was carried out with midazolam or meperidine. RESULTS: The variations in oxygen saturation, blood pressure and heart rate throughout time were not statistically significant. However, an incidence of hypoxia of 41.9 percent was observed; 53.3 percent of the cases presented arterial hypotension and 25.6 percent presented tachycardia. Obese patients were more prone to hypoxia and hypotension than those non obese. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of hypoxia and arterial hypotension is common in upper digestive endoscopic examinations under conscious sedation when midazolam and meperidine are associated. Obese patients demonstrated to be more susceptible to hypoxemia and arterial hypotension.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La sedación consciente en la práctica ambulatorial, aunque sea algo común, no está exenta de riesgos. Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y la saturación periférica del oxígeno en pacientes sometidos a la sedación consciente para la endoscopia digestiva alta, realizada por médicos endoscopistas. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 105 pacientes de los dos sexos, con una edad mínima de 18 años, estado físico ASA I a III, sometidos a la endoscopia digestiva alta bajo sedación consciente. Los pacientes fueron monitorizados con medidas de presión arterial no invasiva, oximetría de pulso y frecuencia cardíaca registradas anteriormente, durante y después del examen. La sedación fue administrada con los fármacos midazolam y/o meperidina. RESULTADOS: Las variaciones de saturación de oxígeno, presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca a lo largo del procedimiento, no fueron estadísticamente significativas, pero se observó la incidencia de hipoxia en un 41,9 por ciento. En un 53,3 por ciento de los casos, se registró hipotensión arterial y en un 25,6 por ciento, taquicardia. Los pacientes obesos fueron más susceptibles a la hipoxia y a la hipotensión que los pacientes no obesos. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de hipoxia e hipotensión arterial es algo común en los exámenes de endoscopia digestiva alta bajo sedación consciente cuando están asociados al midazolam y a la meperidina. Los pacientes obesos fueron más susceptibles a la hipoxemia y a la hipotensión arterial.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Conscious Sedation , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Blood Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heart Rate , Oxygen/metabolism , Prospective Studies
6.
International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases ; (12): 926-930, 2008.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-397044

ABSTRACT

Thunderclap headache is a sudden severe headache. It is an uncommon type of headache. Identifying it in time and accurate diagnosis are very important because this type of headache is often complicating serious cerebral diseases. This article reviews its causes and diagnostic assessments.

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