ABSTRACT
We present an autopsy case of a 19 year old male admitted for breathlessness and oliguria. He was diabetic since 7 years of age and was on insulin. Patient was on testosterone and anti hypertensives. He was diagnosed of hypocontractile bladder and congenital bilateral megaureter with vesico-ureteric reflux 2 years back. History of hemiparesis 2 years back. CT scan of the brain showed a right fronto- parietal healed infarct. At autopsy, bilateral kidneys showed coarse granularity and scarring. Pelvicalyceal system and both ureters were dilated. A right sided intrabdominal testes was identified. On histology, kidney showed features of diabetic nephropathy and pancreas showed decreased number of islet cells. Correlating the clinical, laboratory and autopsy parameters, our case satisfies the EURO-WABB criteria (1major+2minor) for diagnosis of Wolfram Syndrome, even though genetic confirmation could not be done.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Wolfram es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva con transmisión autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por la presencia de diabetes mellitus y atrofia óptica, también pueden estar presentes la diabetes insípida y la disacusia neurosensorial explicando el acrónimo DIDMOAD (diabetes insípida, diabetes mellitus, atrofia óptica y sordera). Cursa con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, además, como la dilatación de las vías urinarias, alteraciones neurológicas, alteraciones psiquiátricas y alteraciones gonadales. La diabetes mellitus, de aparición precoz y con poca prevalencia de cetoacidosis y la atrofia óptica se consideran criterios diagnósticos fundamentales en este síndrome. Se presenta en la infancia, lo que da lugar a una mayor dificultad diagnóstica y terapéutica, con una elevada morbimortalidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida por las afectaciones neurológicas y urológicas. Se presentaron dos pacientes, hermanos, con síndrome de Wolfram y sus manifestaciones oftalmológicas, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó por la presencia de diabetes mellitus en la primera década de la vida y atrofia óptica bilateral, ahora con 18 y 11 años de edad, respectivamente.
Wolfram syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by the presence of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus and neurosensorial deafness can also be present, explaining the acronym DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness).The syndrome shows some various clinical manifestations such as urinary tract dilation and, neurological, psychiatric and gonadal disorders.The early onset diabetes mellitus, a low prevalence of ketoacidosis and an optic atrophy are considered key diagnostic criteria in this syndrome. It occurs during childhood what leads to a bigger diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty, with an elevated morbi-mortality and deterioration of the quality of life due to the neurological and urological affectations. Two brother patients with Wolfram syndrome and his ophthalmological manifestations were reported, whose diagnosis was made by the presence of diabetes mellitus in the first decade of life and bilateral optic atrophy, now they are 18 and 11 years old.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Wolfram (DIDMAOS: diabetes insípida, diabetes mellitus, atrofia óptica y sordera) esuntrastorno neurodegenerativo raro. Las mutaciones del gen WFS1 (wolframina) en el cromosoma 4 son responsables de las manifestaciones clínicas en la mayoría de los pacientes con síndrome de Wolfram. El síndrome de Wolfram también está acompanado por trastornos psiquiátricos, anomalías urodinámicas, movilidad articular limitada, neuropatía autónoma cardiovascular y gastrointestinal, hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico en los varones y complicaciones microvasculares de la diabetes. Los datos acerca de las malformaciones cardíacas asociadas en los niños con síndrome de Wolfram disponibles en las publicaciones científicas son muy limitados. En este artículo presentamos el caso de una niña de 5 años con síndrome de Wolfram y tetralogía de Fallot.
Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD: diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations of the WFS1 (wolframin) on chromosome 4 are responsible for the clinical manifestations in majority of patients with Wolfram syndrome. Wolfram syndrome is also accompanied by neurologic and psychiatric disorders, urodynamic abnormalities, restricted joint motility, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in males and diabetic microvascular disorders. There are very limited data in the literature regarding cardiac malformations associated in children with Wolfram syndrome. A 5-year-old girl with Wolfram syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot is presented herein.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Tetralogy of Fallot/complications , Wolfram Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
A síndrome de Wolfram (SW) é uma condição neurodegenerativa progressiva de herança autossômica recessiva caracterizada pela presença de diabetes mellitus e atrofia óptica. Freqüentemente também estão presentes o diabetes insipidus e disacusia neurossensorial, explicando o acrônimo DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness) pelo qual a síndrome é também conhecida. Além desses, outros comemorativos tais como bexiga neurogênica, ataxia, nistagmo e predisposição a doenças psiquiátricas podem também estar presentes. Em 1994 identificou-se no cromossomo 4p16.1 um dos genes responsáveis pela SW, que foi denominado WFS1 ou wolframina. Esse gene codifica uma proteína de 890 aminoácidos de localização no retículo endoplasmático. A função da proteína wolframina ainda não está completamente definida, porém sua localização no retículo endoplasmático sugere um papel na regulação da homeostase do cálcio, transporte de membrana ou processamento protéico. O entendimento de como alterações na função da wolframina resultam em diabetes e neurodegeneração é essencial para o desenvolvimento de terapias para prevenir ou atenuar as conseqüências da SW.
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness are also noted frequently, explaining the acronym DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) by which the syndrome is also referred. Additional manifestations such as atonic bladder, ataxia, nystagmus and predisposition for psychiatric illness may be present. The Wolfram syndrome gene, WFS1, was mapped to chromosome 4p16.1 by positional cloning. It encodes an 890-amino-acid polypeptide named wolframin. Although the wolframin function is still not completely known, its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum suggests it can play a role in calcium homeostasis, membrane trafficking and protein processing. Knowing the cellular function of wolframin is necessary for understanding the pathophysiology of Wolfram syndrome. This knowledge may lead to development of therapies to prevent or reduce the outcomes of WS.