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1.
Med. infant ; 24(3): 251-256, Sept.2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-876811

ABSTRACT

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar la frecuencia de trastornos mentales de los niños y adolescentes entre 9 y 16 años de edad atendidos y derivados de forma ambulatoria desde el Servicio de Neurología y Clínica Pediátrica al Servicio de Salud Mental del Hospital Garrahan en el periodo julio 2016 ­ mayo 2017. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo y transversal. Se realizaron entrevistas de admisión a los padres y se administró el DISC IV (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children versión IV), en su versión computarizada dirigida a la población infantil validada en nuestro país, a los padres o pacientes según correspondiera, para realizar o no el diagnóstico de trastorno mental. Posteriormente se realizó la entrevista de devolución pertinente. Resultados: del total de la población, el 70,5% obtuvo un diagnóstico positivo en la administración del DISC IV. Los trastornos más frecuentes fueron los del comportamiento disruptivo (Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con o sin Hiperactividad e Impulsividad o TDHA) seguido por los trastornos de ansiedad. Las niñas presentaron mayor cantidad de trastornos internalizadores, con alta frecuencia de Ansiedad por Separación (31,2%) y Ataques de Pánico (25%). Los niños tuvieron mayor cantidad de trastornos externalizadores, principalmente de TDHA (39,3%) y Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante (TOD) (21,4%). Por otro lado, un 47,7% de los niños y adolescentes evaluados presentaron una enfermedad crónica orgánica de base. En relación a la administración del DISC IV obtuvieron un diagnóstico positivo un 75% de los pacientes sin una enfermedad crónica de base y un 66,7% de los pacientes con enfermedad orgánica. Conclusiones: se encontró una alta frecuencia de trastornos mentales en nuestra población de pacientes atendidos en forma ambulatoria. El análisis de las divergencias encontradas entre los diferentes grupos poblacionales puede ser de utilidad para la modificación de estrategias de diagnóstico y terapéuticas que tiendan a una mayor calidad de atención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Mental Health Services , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Referral and Consultation , Interview, Psychological , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/therapy , Psychological Tests
2.
Ter. psicol ; 32(1): 57-64, abr. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-706566

ABSTRACT

Existen pocos instrumentos para la evaluación de sintomatología postraumática en niños/as y adolescentes en Latinoamérica. El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la child PTSD Symptom Scale CPSS (Foa, Johnson, Feeny y Treadwell, 2001), en niños y niñas víctimas de un desastre natural. Se realizan los análisis psicométricos habituales, incluyendo un análisis factorial exploratorio y uno confirmatorio. Se analiza la convergencia de la escala CPSS con el diagnóstico de TEPT a través de la entrevista estructurada DISC-IV Una estructura de tres factores de primer orden fue la que mostró mejor ajuste en el análisis confirmatorio. La escala mostró alta consistencia interna. Un puntaje de 24 o más puntos permite obtener una sensibilidad de 82 por ciento y especificidad de 88 por ciento respecto del diagnóstico de TEPT con el DISC-IV Estas positivas cualidades psicométricas indican la utilidad de la escala para ser usada en chile con niños/ as y adolescentes expuestos a desastres naturales.


There are not many instruments about evaluation of post Traumatic symptomatology in Latin-American children and adolescents. The current study analyzes the psychometric properties of the child PTSD Symptom Scale CPSS (Foa, Johnson, Feeny y Treadwell, 2001), among young victims of a natural disaster. Regular psychometric analyses were carried out, including an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument. The structured interview DISC-IV was used as a criterion test. An structure of three first order factors showed the best fit. The scale presented high internal consistency. A score of 24 or more points allowed a sensitivity of 82 percent and a specificity of 88 percent according to DISC-IV. These positive psychometric qualities indicate the utility of this scale to be used in chilean children and adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Earthquakes , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Tsunamis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Chile , Psychometrics , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Psychiatry Investigation ; : 258-265, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-174677

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of primary screening tools for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a community-based sample of children using the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) and the Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). METHODS: A large-scale community-based study for ADHD screening was conducted in the Jeollabuk province in the Republic of Korea. In 2010-2011, we surveyed a total of 49,088 first- and fourth-grade elementary school students. All of the participants in this study were assessed by the K-ARS-Parent version (K-ARS-P) and the K-ARS-Teacher version (K-ARS-T) as the primary screening instruments. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (DISC-IV) was used for confirming the diagnosis of ADHD. DISC-IV was administered to subjects who received top 10% scores in the K-ARS-P or K-ARS-T tests. RESULTS: Of the 3,085 subjects who completed the DISC-IV, 1,215 were diagnosed as having ADHD. A reasonable level of sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were obtained when the total K-ARS-P scores were > or =90th percentile. The positive predictive value and specificity increased significantly when the total K-ARS-P scores were > or =90th percentile, T scores were > or =60 in the attention problems of K-CBCL, and T scores were > or =63 in the total problems of K-CBCL. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the K-ARS-P could effectively serve as a primary screening tool to identify elementary school children with ADHD in the community. Also, there might be some increment in the effectiveness of K-ARS-P when combined with K-CBCL-A and K-CBCL-T as a secondary screening tool.


Subject(s)
Child , Child , Humans , Appointments and Schedules , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Checklist , Child Behavior , Diagnosis , Mass Screening , Republic of Korea , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 51(1): 70-78, mar. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677301

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In Chile there are scarce validated instruments in order to perform categorical psychiatric diagnosis both in children and adolescents. DISC-IV Spanish version validation indexes are presented. Method: A convenience sample was collected from outpatient psychiatric services as well as from private medical facilities and drug-dependence outpatient centres from Concepción, Chile. Subjects of both genders between 7 and 18 years of age, with a psychiatric diagnosis were included in the study (affective disorder, anxiety, drugs abuse and dependence, and behaviour disorder). In addition 18 subjects without psychiatric disorder were selected from a secondary school. Each selected subject that agreed to participate in the study was interviewed by a clinical experienced child psychiatrist, diagnose-blinded, using DSM-IV check list, in order to decide if the subject fulfilled DSM-IV criteria. Later, to patients 12 years old or older, or to their caregiver for children younger than 12 years DISC-IV was applied by some of the previously trained lay interviewers. Quality controls of the interviews were carried out. Data were entered to SPSS file to obtain DISC-IV validation indexes. Results: 144 subjects were incorporated in the study. Cohen's Kappa indexes, a statistical measure of inter-rater agreement, varied between 0.53 for anxiety disorders, and 0.88 for substance abuse and dependence. Every group presented high specificity ranging between 0.55 and 0.83. Interviews answered by adolescents were less sensitive for TDA (0.23) and anxiety (0.40), whereas in parents, sensitivity decreases for affective disorders (0.50). Conclusion: DISC-IV is a valid instrument to be used in the research about children and adolescent mental health...


Introducción: En Chile existen escasos instrumentos validados para efectuar diagnósticos psiquiátricos categoriales en población infantil y adolescente. Se presentan los índices de validación obtenidos para la versión en español del DISC-IV. Método: Una muestra por conveniencia fue seleccionada de los registros clínicos de los servicios de psiquiatría ambulatorios de Concepción, consultas privadas y centros de atención a drogodependientes. Ésta incluyó a sujetos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 7 y 18 años, que presentaran algún diagnóstico incluido en el estudio (trastornos del ánimo, ansiosos, abuso y dependencia a sustancias y trastornos del comportamiento). Además se seleccionaron de un establecimiento educacional a 18 sujetos sin diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Cada sujeto seleccionado que aceptó participar del estudio, y el cuidador responsable, fueron entrevistados por un psiquiatra infantil entrenado, ciego al diagnóstico inicial, utilizando un check-list basado en los criterios DSM-IV, para obtener diagnósticos categoriales. Posteriormente, entrevistadores legos previamente capacitados, aplicaron al paciente, si tenía 12 años o más, o a su cuidador principal, para los menores de 12 años, la entrevista estructurada DISC-IV. Se realizaron controles de calidad de las entrevistas. Los datos fueron ingresados a un archivo SPSS para ser procesados y obtener índices de validación del DISC-IV. Resultados: Ciento cuarenta y cuatro sujetos ingresaron al estudio. Los Índice Kappa de Cohen, que miden el acuerdo inter-evaluadores, varían entre ,53, para los trastornos ansiosos, y ,88, para abuso y dependencia. En todos los grupos la especificidad es alta (> 0,9) y la sensibilidad varía entre ,55y ,83. Las entrevistas respondidas por adolescentes son menos sensibles para TDA (0,23) y ansiedad (0,40), mientras en los padres la sensibilidad disminuye para los cuadros afectivos (0,50)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Age Factors , Psychometrics , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 143-149, 2013.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-162912

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the clinical availability of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: A total 95 participants completed examinations, which included Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-Korean Version (DISC-IV), and QEEG. From the result of the DISC-IV, we divided them into three groups, ADHD, ADHD NOS (not otherwise specified), and Normal control. The QEEG was analyzed by the ranges of Hz : delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-25 Hz), and high beta (25-30 Hz). RESULTS: ADHD NOS group showed significantly decreased delta activity (NOSnormal, p=0.044) compared with normal control. ADHD group showed increased high beta activity (ADHD>NOS, p=0.043) compared with NOS group. The z-scores of relative power of theta were negatively correlated with the K-ARS at O1, O2 electrodes of ADHD group. On the other hand, the z-scores of relative power of high beta were negatively correlated with the K-ARS at F7, F8 electrodes of ADHD NOS group. CONCLUSION: We confirmed QEEG abnormalities in ADHD patients, especially the difference between ADHD NOS and Normal control. Therefore, we expect to use QEEG as the valuable tool to diagnose ADHD accurately.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Appointments and Schedules , Electrodes , Electroencephalography , Hand
6.
Vertex rev. argent. psiquiatr ; 20(86): 245-251, jul.-ago. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-540550

ABSTRACT

La epidemiología de los trastornos psiquiátricos de niños y adolescentes ha recibido poca atención en nuestro país, Uno de los problemas relacionados con el escaso desarrollo de investigación epidemiológica en Argentina está ligado a la no disponibilidad de entrevistas diagnósticas estructura das testeadas localmente. Objetivos: el objetivo fue realizar un estudio de validación DISC IV (versión en español), administrada por encuestadores legos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Métodos: la muestra fue obtenida del Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez" de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Dos grupos de participantes fueron incluidos en el estudio, un grupo con resultado positivo a la administración del DISC y otro grupo equivalente con resultado negativo. Los psiquiatras administraron nuevamente el DISC una semana más tarde y a continuación realizaron una entrevista clínica di agnóstica semiestructurada 116 participantes completaron las evaluaciones y formaron parte de la muestra. Resultados: la sensibilidad fue de 81,5 por ciento y la especificidad de 66,1 por ciento. La reproducibilidad test-retest fue moderada (Kappa 0,46 error standard 0,09). Conclusiones: en líneas generales, el DISC administrado por encuesta dores legos demostró poseer buena capacidad para discriminar entre jóvenes que padecen trastornos psiquiátricos y jóvenes sanos. La confiabilidad fue de moderada a buena, tanto para la presencia de algún trastorno psiquiátrico en forma global como para los trastornos del estado de ánimo en particular, mientras que para los trastornos de ansiedad y los trastornos de conducta resultó muy pobre.


The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents has received little attention in Argentina. One of the problems related to the scarcity of such epidemiological research is linked to the lack of availability of diagnostic interview instruments which have been locally validated. Objectives: The object of the study was to conduct a validation study of the DISC IV (Spanish version), administered by lay interviewers in the City of Buenos Aires. Methods: The sample was obtained from the Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez" in the City of Buenos Aires. Lay interviewers administered the DISC IV to 116 youngsters. Then psychiatrists re-administered the DISC IV a week later and immediately afterwards conducted a semi-structured diagnostic clinical interview. Participant in the sample ranged in age from 9 to 17. Results: The sensitivity was 81.5 percent and the specificity 66, 1 percent. The test-re test reliability was reasonable (Kappa 0.46 standard error 0.09). Conclusions: In general, the DISC administered by the non-professional interviewer was demonstrated to have the ability to discriminate between youngsters who suffer from psychiatric disorders and healthy youngsters. The confidence level was from moderate to good for the presence of a general psychiatric disorder as well as for disorders of specific states of mind, but for anxiety disorders and behaviour disorders the confidence level was poor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Interview, Psychological , /diagnosis , /epidemiology , Argentina , Psychological Tests , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ; : 138-144, 2007.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-82956

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV(DISC-IV), a highly structured diagnostic interview used to assess more than 30 psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 91 study subjects, including 67 subjects who visited the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic at our institution and 24 community-based subjects, were assessed using the Korean Version of the DISCIV. Clinical diagnosis was used as a gold standard for the examination of the validity of the DISC-IV. Forty-four of the study subjects were randomly selected for test-retest reliability measurement. RESULTS: The validity of the Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed kappa values ranging from 0.25 to 0.40 in the clinical sample and 0.65 to 1.00 in the community sample. The sensitivities varied according to the diagnostic categories, but the specificities were excellent for all diagnostic entities. CONCLUSION: The Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed good reliability and validity in Korean children and adolescents. The Korean Version of the DISC-IV might be a useful tool for assessing psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Adolescent Psychiatry , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Appointments and Schedules , Diagnosis , Reproducibility of Results
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