ABSTRACT
Background: A hormonal contraception which considered ideal is depot medroxy progesteron acetat. There are large number of acceptors choose this contraception because this contraception is considered safe, effective, and can be used after labor. The possible side effect which can occur are increase of lipid profile, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. The purpose of this study is to see the differences between lipid profile, body fat percentage, and the waist circumference of women of childbearing age who use depot medroxy progesteron acetat injection compared with non-acceptors.Methods: This study was observational study with a cross sectional comparative approach and was conducted at the Regional Technical Services Unit (UPTD) at Regional Health Laboratory in West Sumatera Province from December 2017 until June 2018. The samples were 46 DMPA acceptors and 46 non-acceptors. The sampling method used random sampling technique. The measurements of lipid profile was conducted with colorimetric enzymatic method, which is GPO-PAP for triglycerides, and CHOD-PAP for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. The percentage of body fat examination was conducted using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The obtained data were analyzed by using t-test. Abnormal data were confirmed by Mann-whitney non-parametric test with p<0.05.Results: The results showed a significant difference between DMPA acceptors and non-acceptors (p<0.05). In total cholesterol (p = 0.000), LDL (p = 0.000), triglycerides (p = 0.000), body fat percentage (p = 0.007), body mass index (p = 0.004), and waist circumference (p = 0.001). But, in HDL there was no significant difference between DMPA acceptors and non-acceptors with p value = 0.302 (p>0.05). There were significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, fat percentage, body mass index, and the circumference of waist in both DMPA acceptors and non acceptors. There were no significant difference in HDL levels between DMPA acceptors and non acceptors.Conclusions: There were significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, fat percentage, body mass index, and waist circumference between DMPA acceptors and non-acceptors. There was no significant difference in HDL between DMPA acceptors and non-acceptors.
ABSTRACT
The administration of a combination of testosterone undecanoate (TU, a long-acting androgen) and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) were investigated in term of suppression of rat sperm concentration in vivo to azoospermia through increasing activity of spermatogenic cell caspase 3. Adult Sprague Dawley rats received TU and DMPA of 2.5 mg and 1.25 mg, respectively, a regimen known to rapidly reduce intra testicular testosterone and to produce azoospermia within 12 weeks. Caspase 3 positive sperm cells increased compared with control levels during 6 weeks post-injection and increased further through 60 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for caspase 3 revealed that spermatocytes represented the predominant caspase 3 positive germ cells. Modest immunoreactivity for caspase-3 was localized to nuclear region of the germ cells of control and treated testes. Immunohistochemistry study revealed significantly increased caspase-3 expression in nuclei of germ cells during administration of TU+DMPA to rats. Additionally, the caspase 3 content was significantly increased in germ cells during rats were administered TU+DMPA (453.90±84.88 cells/200 seminiferous tubules) and caspase 3 significant increase in immunoreactivity was localized to the nuclei of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. Taken together, these results indicated that azoospermia due to reduced intratesticular testosterone concentration was caspase-3 activation dependent and suggested that the increase in active caspase-3 in the nucleus may be involved in the induction of decreased sperm production.
Subject(s)
Caspase 3 , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
The investigation was performed with 871 users of DMPA. Among them 516 had been use and 355 defaults. DMPA was accepted because of the convenience for use (62%), the high effectiveness (56%), no side effect, no adverse reation for sexual activity. The rate of defaults was from 10-70%, depending on the province, the time.. 80.2% by the cause of side effects, in which amenorrhia 33.2% and menstrual disorder 43.4%.
Subject(s)
Women , Aniline Compounds/adverse effectsABSTRACT
871 women who have using DMPA contraceptive injection from 1997 to 2001 in 3 provinces of Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, Dong Thap (each district for province and a total of 13 communes) were assessed. 88.4% of subjects had had side effects, among them 40.1% amenorrhoae, 25.1% dysmenorrhoae, 19.5% weight gain, 22% head pain, 13.3% nausea. Two typical signs are facial skin darkening and vaginal dryness. Menstruation disorder and amenorrhoae are positively proportional and vaginal dryness and facial skin darkening are inversely proportional with age, the number of pregnancy and of pregnancy termination.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
From October 2001 to May 2002, the study on the introduction of DMPA in Viet Nam was conducted by Ministry of Health and DMPA in Thanh Hoa, Yen Bai and Dong Thap of 871 DMPA users. Commune health station is a good delivery point to provide DMPA service. DMPA should be provided at this level throughout the country, 96.5% of DMPA clients at commune level were satisfied with the method. Major reasons for DMPA acceptance are its convinience and easy use (62%), high effectiveness (58%), no health effect (55%) and no impact on sexual relationship (39%). However, DMPA discontinuation rate is still high between 10-70% according to specific site and duration of use. Reason for discontinuation is mainly adverse effect (80.2%), of which amenorrhea and menstrual disorder account for the most with 33.2% and 43,4% respectively.